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学龄前儿童体力活动研究的10大问题

北京体育大学学报 2015年第6期38卷 48-54页

作者： Russell R.Pate jennifer R.O'Neill William h.Brown Kerry L.McIver Erin K.howie Marsha Dowda 南卡罗来纳州大学 columbiasc29208

本文目的是回顾与3～5岁儿童体力活动有关的重要研究问题。本文将从三个主要研究领域进行分析：健康效果、体力活动模式、干预和政策。研究的主要问题包括：确定体力活动的健康效果,确定体力活动对保持健康体重的影响,探明体力活动对学... 详细信息

本文目的是回顾与3～5岁儿童体力活动有关的重要研究问题。本文将从三个主要研究领域进行分析：健康效果、体力活动模式、干预和政策。研究的主要问题包括：确定体力活动的健康效果,确定体力活动对保持健康体重的影响,探明体力活动对学习和行为习惯的影响,以及静坐行为对健康的影响。与体力活动模式相关的研究问题包括3～5岁儿童满足现有体力活动推荐量的情况;影响体力活动的社会和环境因素,包括家庭、幼儿园、社区环境;体力活动如何对学龄儿童期、青少年时期和成年以后产生影响。关于干预和政策方面的研究问题包括确定在家庭、保育机构、社区环境最有效的促进体力活动的干预策略,以及不同幼儿适用的干预方案;确定有效的干预手段和宣传策略;制定有效的能够增加幼儿体力活动水平的国家、州、地方和机构的政策。总之,全面了解体力活动对3～5岁儿童健康的影响,以便于掌握该群体的体力活动特点,探索如何促进幼儿的体力活动。

关键词：保育机构健康干预政策

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Nicotine-induced adrenal beta-arrestin1 upregulation mediates tobacco-related hyperaldosteronism leading to cardiac dysfunction

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World Journal of Cardiology 2020年第5期12卷 192-202页

作者： Natalie Cora jennifer Ghandour Celina Marie Pollard Victoria Lynn Desimine Krysten Elaine Ferraino Janelle Marie Pereyra Rachel Valiente Anastasios Lymperopoulos Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences(Pharmacology)College of PharmacyNova Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFL 33328-2018United States

BACKGROUND Tobacco-related products,containing the highly addictive nicotine together with numerous other harmful toxicants and carcinogens,have been clearly associated with coronary artery disease,heart failure,stroke,and other heart *** the mechanisms by which nicotine contributes to heart disease is elevation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS)***,and its major metabolite in humans cotinine,have been reported to induce RAAS activation,resulting in aldosterone elevation in *** has various direct and indirect adverse cardiac *** is produced by the adrenal cortex in response to angiotensin II(AngII)activating AngII type 1 *** activity increases in chronic smokers,causing raised aldosterone levels(nicotine exposure causes the same in rats).AngII receptors exert their cellular effects via either G proteins or the twoβarrestins(βarrestin1 and-2).AIM Since adrenal?arrestin1 is essential for adrenal aldosterone production and nicotine/cotinine elevate circulating aldosterone levels in humans,we hypothesized that nicotine activates adrenal?arrestin1,which contributes to RAAS activation and heart disease *** We studied human adrenocortical zona glomerulosa h295R cells and found that nicotine and cotinine upregulateβarrestin1 mRNA and protein levels,thereby enhancing AngII-dependent aldosterone synthesis and *** In contrast,siRNA-mediatedβarrestin1 knockdown reversed the effects of nicotine on AngII-induced aldosterone production in h295 R ***,nicotine promotes hyperaldosteronism via adrenalβarrestin1,thereby precipitating cardiac dysfunction,also in vivo,since nicotine-exposed experimental rats with adrenal-specificβarrestin1 knockdown display lower circulating aldosterone levels and better cardiac function than nicotine-exposed control animals with normal adrenalβarrestin1 *** Adrenalβarrestin1 upregulation is one of the mechanisms by whic

关键词： Adrenocortical zona glomerulosa cell Aldosterone βarrestin Nicotine Signal transduction Tobacco-related heart disease

Bioproduced Proteins On Demand(Bio-POD)in hydrogels using Pichia pastoris

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Bioactive Materials 2021年第8期6卷 2390-2399页

作者： Shuo-Fu Yuan Sierra M.Brooks Annalee W.Nguyen Wen-Ling Lin Trevor G.Johnston jennifer A.Maynard Alshakim Nelson hal S.Alper Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology The University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Chemistry University of WashingtonBox 351700SeattleWAUSA

Traditional production of industrial and therapeutic proteins by eukaryotic cells typically requires large-scale fermentation *** a result,these systems are not easily portable or reusable for on-demand protein production *** this study,we employ Bioproduced Proteins On Demand(Bio-POD),a F127-bisurethane methacrylate hydrogel-based technique that immobilizes engineered Pichia pastoris for preservable,on-demand production and secretion of medium-and high-molecular weight proteins(in this case,SEAP,α-amylase,and anti-hER2).The gel samples containing encapsulated-yeast demonstrated sustained protein production and exhibited productivity immediately after lyophilization and *** hydrogel platform described here is the first hydrogel immobilization using a *** system to produce recombinant proteins of this *** results highlight the potential of this formulation to establish a cost-effective bioprocessing strategy for on-demand protein production.

关键词： Protein production hydrogel Pichia pastoris Immobilization Lyophilization

加拿大新生儿重症监护病房早产儿机械通气期间麻醉镇痛药和镇静剂应用趋势的回顾性研究(英文)

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中国当代儿科杂志 2018年第1期20卷 5-11页

作者： jennifer M Toye Lucia Mirea Junmin Yang Koravangattu Sankaran 刘玲 Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Maternal-Infant Care Research Centre Mount Sinai Hospital Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics University of Saskatchewan 贵州省妇幼保健院

早产儿气管插管有创机械通气可引起患儿不适,但是否导致疼痛仍存有争议。已发表的荟萃分析显示,早产儿机械通气期间应用麻醉镇痛药并未减轻患儿疼痛。因此,不推荐对新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)机械通气早产儿常规应用麻醉镇痛药和镇静剂... 详细信息

早产儿气管插管有创机械通气可引起患儿不适,但是否导致疼痛仍存有争议。已发表的荟萃分析显示,早产儿机械通气期间应用麻醉镇痛药并未减轻患儿疼痛。因此,不推荐对新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)机械通气早产儿常规应用麻醉镇痛药和镇静剂。假设目前加拿大NICU早产儿机械通气过程中麻醉镇痛药和镇静剂的使用呈下降趋势。该研究回顾性分析了2004~2009年间出生胎龄24 h的早产儿接受镇静剂和麻醉镇痛药使用的趋势。入院时处于濒死状态、先天畸形、需要外科手术(除外眼科激光手术)、坏死性小肠结肠炎、胸腔置管引流或孕母有麻醉药品滥用史的早产儿不纳入该研究。根据早产儿是否接受麻醉镇痛药(如吗啡、芬太尼、美沙酮、舒芬太尼、杜冷丁、阿芬太尼和可待因等)或镇静剂(如水合氯醛、咪达唑仑、劳拉西泮、苯巴比妥、戊巴比妥、氯胺酮和丙泊酚)以及早产儿胎龄(胎龄hrane-Armitage趋势分析方法评估早产儿麻醉镇痛药和镇静剂的应用趋势。5 638名早产儿符合纳入标准,其中2 169名(38.5%)应用了麻醉镇痛药,897名(15.9%)应用了镇静剂,722名(12.8%)同时接受了麻醉镇痛药和镇静剂治疗。最常用的麻醉镇痛药是吗啡(62.2%)和芬太尼(63.8%);最常用的镇静剂是苯巴比妥(44.9%)和水合氯醛(44.2%)。镇静剂的使用在胎龄<29周和胎龄29~34周两组早产儿中均呈明显的下降趋势(P<0.01);但胎龄<29周组早产儿麻醉镇痛药的使用显著增加(P=0.03),胎龄29~34周组麻醉镇痛药的使用未发现明显的趋势变化。经历有创机械通气的新生儿有疼痛感受吗?机体会产生应激反应吗?据成人有创通气的研究结果报道,约25%的ICU患者出院后仍记得在ICU住院期间的感受,并承认经历气管插管和有创机械通气的过程是很痛苦的。然而,现实中很难区分患者的疼痛感受是由于ICU住院期间的有创通气引起,抑或是因在ICU住院期间躯体的疾病或其他因素所致。同理,对于住院期间早产儿皮质醇水平的升高,是由于疾病的严重程度或因机械通气引起的疼痛和/或应激所致同样很难鉴别。查阅大量文献发现,有创机械通气期间麻醉镇痛药或镇静剂的使用并没有减轻患者的痛苦,然而药物潜在的不良反应却令人担忧。但目前在NICU住院早产儿有创机械通气过程中,给患儿应用麻醉镇痛药或镇静剂仍然是很普遍的现象。该研究数据来自于加拿大新生儿协作网,该协作网覆盖了加拿大全国范围内30家三甲医院。样本量大,数据收集方法有效、可靠,这是该研究的主要优势。其主要不足在于机械通气早产儿没有明确的应用镇静或麻醉镇痛药物的指征,一些分析只能是从现有的数据外推。此外,该研究早产儿上机过程中其他非药物镇痛替代措施的应用,也可能会高估或低估麻醉镇痛药/镇静剂的作用。其他的影响因素还包括:缺乏疾病的严重度、上机时间以及麻醉镇痛/镇静药物应用的评估依据,以及研究资料未能收集到上机过程中环境因素或非药物干预措施减轻患儿不适/应激/疼痛的数据,所以不能对机械通气过程中麻醉镇痛/镇静剂使用趋势做出更为深入的解释。目前,令人担忧的是,机械通气过程中接受阿片类药物镇痛的早产儿是受药物不良反应影响的高风险人群,而这些药物在这个群体中的应用又呈现增加趋势;但如果对NICU住院早产儿经历的疼痛和应激不予管理,也会对其神经系统发育产生近期和远期的不良影响。因此,在临床实践中,必须对早产儿的疼痛采用量表进行评估,根据循证医学指南指导麻醉镇痛药和镇静剂的应用,从患儿舒适的角度制定治疗和护理方案。尽管麻醉镇痛药和镇静剂可能的潜在不良反应的否定证据也逐渐增加,但加拿大新生儿医师仍然担忧机械通气早产儿连续应用麻醉镇痛药和镇静剂以及肌松剂的不良反应。用非药物的措施减轻机械通气患儿的不适/应激/疼痛的研究日益增多并受到广泛的关注,且有巨大的应用前景。一些在研的、旨在减轻早产儿上机过程中经历的中等程度的疼痛/应激、同时又尽可能限制药物不良反应并考虑到对患儿远期神经发育影响药物的研究已经得到批准。另外,住院新生儿经历的慢性疼痛也引起了许多学者的重视,且也成为一个新兴的研究热点,需要学者们开展更深入的研究。小结:加拿大NICU胎龄<35周的机械通气早产儿镇静剂的使用呈下降趋势,临床应用遵循了循证医学的证据,但麻醉镇痛药的使用在胎龄29~34周早产儿组并没有变化,且超低胎龄早产儿组(胎龄<29周)麻醉镇痛药的使用呈增加趋势。加拿大的新生儿医师在决定是否给有创机械通气的早产儿使用麻醉镇痛/镇静剂时是慎重的,但该研究结果显示加拿大NICU早产儿机械通气期间麻醉镇痛药的使用并没有呈下降趋势,其原因尚需进一步深入研究。

关键词：麻醉镇痛药镇静剂机械通气趋势早产儿

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Phase 3 trial of first generation protease inhibitor therapy for hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection

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World Journal of hepatology 2017年第4期9卷 217-223页

作者： Kenneth E Sherman Minhee Kang Richard Sterling Triin Umbleja Kristen Marks jennifer J Kiser Beverly Alston-Smith Wayne Greaves Adeel A Butt 无 Division of Digestive Diseases University of Cincinnati College of Medicine harvard T.h. Chan School of Public health Department of Gastroenterology Virginia Commonwealth University Division of Infectious Disease Weill Cornell Medical School University of Colorado School of Pharmacy NIAID-Division of AIDS Merck and Co Inc. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine hamad healthcare Quality Institute the ACTG 5294 BIRTh Study Team

AIMTo evaluate efficacy/safety of hepatitis C virus (hCV) protease inhibitor boceprevir with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) alfa and weight-based ribavirin (RBV) in a phase 3 trial. METhODSA prospective, multicenter, phase 3, open-label, single-arm study of PEG-IFN alfa, weight-based RBV, and boceprevir, with a PEG-IFN/RBV lead-in phase was performed. The hCV/human immunodeficiency virus coinfected study population included treatment naïve (TN) and treatment experienced (TE) patients. Treatment duration ranged from 28 to 48 wk dependent upon response-guided criteria. All patients had hCV Genotype 1 with a viral load > 10000 IU/mL. Compensated cirrhosis was allowed. Sample size was determined to establish superiority to historical (PEG-IFN plus RBV) rates in sustained viral response (SVR). RESULTSA total of 257 enrolled participants were analyzed (135 TN and 122 TE). In the TN group, 81.5% were male and 54.1% were black. In the TE group, 76.2% were male and 47.5% were white. Overall SVR12 rates (hCV RNA P = 0.002). Among the TN, SVR12 was 42.1% among whites and 27.4% among blacks (P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONThe trial met its hypothesis of improved SVR compared to historical controls but overall SVR rates were low. All-oral hCV treatments will mitigate these difficulties.

关键词： human immunodeficiency virus hepatitis C virus Boceprevir Pegylated interferon alfa Ribavirin

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优秀教师的聘任

教书育人 2004年第20期 16-18页

作者： James.h.Stronge ,jennifer L.hindman ,姜波

教师的选拔和任用都要依据一定的标准,希望美国教师的选拔方法会给我们以借鉴。

关键词：学生成绩课程计划申请者课堂教学教学策略申请人学习者学科领域候选人

Transcriptomic landscape regulated by the 14 types of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)in lineage commitment and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)

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Genes & Diseases 2019年第3期6卷 258-275页

作者： Linghuan Zhang Qing Luo Yi Shu Zongyue Zeng Bo huang Yixiao Feng Bo Zhang Xi Wang Yan Lei Zhenyu Ye Ling Zhao Daigui Cao Lijuan Yang Xian Chen Bin Liu William Wagstaff Russell R*Reid hue h*Luu Rex C*haydon Michael J*Lee jennifer Moriatis Wolf Zhou Fu Tong-Chuan he Quan Kang Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersThe Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014China Molecular Oncology Laboratory Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation MedicineThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA c Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine School of Laboratory MedicineChicagoIL 60637USA d The Affiliated hospitals of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016China e Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006China f Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Surgery of Gansu Province Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First and Second Hospitals of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730030China g Department of General Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215004China Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266061China Department of Biology School of Life SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Department of Surgery Section of Plastic SurgeryThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are ubiquitously-existing multipotent progenitors that can self-renew and differentiate into multiple lineages including osteocytes,chondrocytes,adipocytes,tenocytes and *** represent one of the most commonly-used adult progenitors and serve as excellent progenitor cell models for investigating lineagespecific differentiation regulated by various cellular signaling pathways,such as bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs).As members of TGFb superfamily,BMPs play diverse and important roles in development and adult *** least 14 BMPs have been identified in *** BMPs exert distinct but overlapping biological *** a comprehensive analysis of 14 BMPs in MSCs,we demonstrated that BMP9 is one of the most potent BMPs in inducing osteogenic differentiation of ***,a global mechanistic view of BMP signaling in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs remains to be fully ***,we conducted a comprehensive transcriptomic profiling in the MSCs stimulated by 14 types of *** clustering analysis classifies 14 BMPs into three subclusters:an osteo/chondrogenic/adipogenic cluster,a tenogenic cluster,and BMP3 *** also demonstrate that six BMPs(e.g.,BMP2,BMP3,BMP4,BMP7,BMP8,and BMP9)can induce ISmads effectively,while BMP2,BMP3,BMP4,BMP7,and BMP11 up-regulate Smad-independent MAP kinase ***,we show that many BMPs can upregulate the expression of the signal mediators of Wnt,Notch and PI3K/AKT/mTOR *** the reported transcriptomic changes need to be further validated,our expression profiling represents the first-of-its-kind to interrogate a comprehensive transcriptomic landscape regulated by the 14 types of BMPs in MSCs.

关键词： Bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) MAP kinase signaling Mesenchymal stem cells Notch signaling PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway Smad signaling TGFb superfamily Wnt signaling

Drug eluting biliary stents to decrease stent failure rates:Areview of the literature

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2016年第2期8卷 77-85页

作者： Joseph Shatzel Jisoo Kim Kartik Sampath Sharjeel Syed jennifer Saad Zilla h hussain Kabir Mody J Marc Pipas Stuart Gordon Timothy Gardner Richard I Rothstein Section of hematology-Oncology Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanonNH 03756United States Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth HanoverNH 03755United States Section of Gastroenterology Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanonNH 03756United States Section of Internal Medicine Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanonNH 03756United States Mayo Clinic Cancer Center Section of Hematology/OncologyMayo Clinic FloridaJacksonvilleFL 32224United States

Biliary stenting is clinically effective in relieving both malignant and non-malignant obstructions. however, there are high failure rates associated with tumor ingrowth and epithelial overgrowth as well as internally from biofilm development and subsequent clogging. Within the last decade, the use of prophylactic drug eluting stents as a means to reduce stent failure has been investigated. In this review we provide an overview of the current research on drug eluting biliary stents. While there is limited human trial data regarding the clinical benefit of drug eluting biliary stents in preventing stent obstruction, recent research suggests promise regarding their safety and potential efficacy.

关键词： Bile ducts Cholangiocarcinoma Endoscopy Pancreas

骨保护素抑制肿瘤坏死因子诱导的成骨细胞凋亡(英文)

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中国临床康复 2005年第19期9卷 243-245页

作者：步荣发李亚男 jennifer I Oakley harry C Blair 解放军总医院全军口腔医学研究所口腔颌面外科 Department of Pathology and Cell Biology & Physiology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicineand Veteran's Affairs MedicalCenterPittsburghPA15243

背景:骨质疏松涉及破骨细胞分化成熟和成骨类细胞凋亡两方面,肿瘤坏死因子α能诱导多种细胞凋亡且效率差异很大,骨保护素能抑制破骨细胞成熟,但对成骨类细胞凋亡的作用未见报道。目的:探讨肿瘤坏死因子α能否诱导成骨类细胞凋亡及骨保... 详细信息

背景:骨质疏松涉及破骨细胞分化成熟和成骨类细胞凋亡两方面,肿瘤坏死因子α能诱导多种细胞凋亡且效率差异很大,骨保护素能抑制破骨细胞成熟,但对成骨类细胞凋亡的作用未见报道。目的:探讨肿瘤坏死因子α能否诱导成骨类细胞凋亡及骨保护素能否抑制其凋亡。设计:以成骨细胞和MG63细胞作为实验对象、以鼠WEhI164细胞系用于阳性对照的观察对比分析。单位:解放军总医院全军口腔医学研究所、美国匹茨堡医学院退伍军人医疗中心。材料:本实验于2001-01/2003-12在***实验室和口腔研究所实验室完成。选择商品化细胞系,RPMI1640培养液和各种相关蛋白用于实验。方法:用人间充质干细胞在分化培养液中培养21d使之成为成骨细胞,与MG63一起用于凋亡实验。AnnexinV和原位末端标记法检测肿瘤坏死因子α诱导成骨类细胞凋亡。主要观察指标:全部细胞数及凋亡细胞数。结果:和FasL诱导细胞凋亡一样,肿瘤坏死因子α能引起MG63骨肉瘤细胞,间充质干细胞和成骨细胞的凋亡,并表现为明显的浓度依赖和时间依赖。低浓度肿瘤坏死因子α(170～500pmol/L)作用于细胞2～4h就显示了较明显的凋亡,而骨保护素在0.45～1.5nmol/L浓度时,几乎完全抑制了500pmol/L肿瘤坏死因子α诱导的凋亡。成骨细胞分泌骨保护素,而破骨细胞及破骨前体细胞产生肿瘤坏死因子α,它们相互作用降低成骨细胞的凋亡。结论:肿瘤坏死因子α能诱导成骨类细胞凋亡,骨保护素能够抑制肿瘤坏死因子α的凋亡诱导作用,从抑制破骨细胞成熟和成骨细胞凋亡两方面表现骨保护素防治骨质疏松的作用机制。

关键词：骨质疏松肿瘤坏死因子脱噬作用

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