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Leaf habit differentiation explains trait tradeoffs across savanna woody plants

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 287-295页

作者： Yangsiding Wang Da Yang German Vargas G. Guangyou Hao jennifer s.powers Yan Ke Qin Wang Yunbing Zhang Jiaolin Zhang CAs Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China school of Biological sciences University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA CAs Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Department of Ecology Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN 55108USA

Identifying how leaf habit subdivisions link to the fast–slow and avoidance–tolerance trait tradeoffs can provide new insight into divergence in ecophysiological strategies among plant functional groups. Here, we tested a hypothesis that the differentiation across deciduous, semi-deciduous and evergreen woody species contributes to physiological trait tradeoffs in a dry-hot valley savanna. We investigated 11 photosynthetic, morphological and hydraulic traits of 24 species including 8 deciduous, 10 semi-deciduous and 6 evergreen species. Deciduous species were grouped in the fast and avoidance side associated with high values of maximum photosynthetic rates,stomatal conductance and leaf size, while evergreen species were grouped in the slow and tolerance side associated with high photosynthetic water use efficiency, leaf mass per area, sapwood density, Huber value, leaf water potential at turgor loss point and water potential causing 50% loss of stem hydraulic conductance. semideciduous species generally had intermediate trait values and represented different physiological characteristics when compared to deciduous and evergreen species. The physiological trait tradeoffs showed a close linkage to the differentiation of these three leaf habits. Our findings clearly reveal trait tradeoffs related to fast–slow and avoidance–tolerance strategies among diverse savanna plants, suggesting a syndrome in multiple ecophysiology strategies across different leaf habits.

关键词： Dry-hot habitat Gas exchange Hydraulics Phenology Tolerance Valley savanna

A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： simeon C.Daeschler Katelyn J.W.so Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny Cheung jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini JPaul santerre Tessa Gordon Gregory HBorschel sickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University school of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

Inflammasome links traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabriela seplovich Yazan Bouchi Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari jennifer C.Munoz Pareja Andrew Reisner Laura Blackwell Yehia Mechref Kevin K.Wang J.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas Kobeissy Department of surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurobiology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurological surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric Critical Care Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatrics Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse school of Medicine AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation includes the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous microtubule-associated protein that protects the integrity of neuronal cytoskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic aggregates. These misfolded proteins are characteristic of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and can lead to downstream neuroinflammatory processes, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric protein units that, upon activation, release a cascade of signaling molecules resulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like receptor protein 3 activation acts as a causal factor in pathological tau accumulation and spreading. This review begins by describing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and discuss the role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal continuum. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets that may intercept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurological decline.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease caspase-1 chronic traumatic encephalopathy inflammasomes neurodegeneration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic brain injury

Chinese Political Theory in Dialogue with Rousseau

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Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2022年第1期6卷 123-140,155页

作者： Martin powers University of Michigan

Within the vast body of scholarship on the Enlightenment,only a small portion addresses the role of China in the debates of that *** those,scarcely any concerns the relationship between China and Rousseau's *** the connections are many,and *** essay surveys a body of Chinese political theory available to Rousseau,then compares Rousseau's understanding of sovereignty,the“people,”popular will,public opinion,and the authority of office,with comparable terms present in the Chinese theory available to *** aim of this exercise is not so much to establish influence,though that can be dificult to ***,the essay attermpts to show that Rousseau's system generates contradictions in part because he attempts to combine parliamentary procedure with the conception of sovereignty and the popular will found in his Chinese sources.

关键词： China political theory Rousseau sovereignty popular will checks and balances public opinion corruption

sentence,Phrase,and Triple Annotations to Build a Knowledge Graph of Natural Language Processing Contributions—A Trial Dataset

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Journal of Data and Information science 2021年第3期6卷 6-34页

作者： jennifer D’souza sören Auer TIB Leibniz Information Centre for science and Technology HannoverGermany

Purpose:This work aims to normalize the NLPCONTRIBUTIONs scheme(henceforward,NLPCONTRIBUTIONGRAPH)to structure,directly from article sentences,the contributions information in Natural Language Processing(NLP)scholarly articles via a two-stage annotation methodology:1)pilot stage-to define the scheme(described in prior work);and 2)adjudication stage-to normalize the graphing model(the focus of this paper).Design/methodology/approach:We re-annotate,a second time,the contributions-pertinent information across 50 prior-annotated NLP scholarly articles in terms of a data pipeline comprising:contribution-centered sentences,phrases,and triple *** this end,specifically,care was taken in the adjudication annotation stage to reduce annotation noise while formulating the guidelines for our proposed novel NLP contributions structuring and graphing ***:The application of NLPCONTRIBUTIONGRAPH on the 50 articles resulted finally in a dataset of 900 contribution-focused sentences,4,702 contribution-information-centered phrases,and 2,980 surface-structured *** intra-annotation agreement between the first and second stages,in terms of F1-score,was 67.92%for sentences,41.82%for phrases,and 22.31%for triple statements indicating that with increased granularity of the information,the annotation decision variance is *** limitations:NLPCONTRIBUTIONGRAPH has limited scope for structuring scholarly contributions compared with sTEM(science,Technology,Engineering,and Medicine)scholarly knowledge at ***,the annotation scheme in this work is designed by only an intra-annotator consensus-a single annotator first annotated the data to propose the initial scheme,following which,the same annotator reannotated the data to normalize the annotations in an adjudication ***,the expected goal of this work is to achieve a standardized retrospective model of capturing NLP contributions from scholarly *** would entail a larger initiati

关键词： scholarly knowledge graphs Open science graphs Knowledge representation Natural language processing semantic publishing

Operational guidance for aeration and flow augmentation for the Chicago Area Waterway system—A case study

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Water science and Engineering 2023年第4期16卷 345-358页

作者： Charles s.Melching jennifer Wasik Ed staudacher Thomas Minarik Melching Water solutions LLC GreenfieldWI 53221USA Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago ChicagoIL 60611USA Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago CiceroIL 60804USA

The Chicago Area Waterway system(CAWs)is a 133.9 km branching network of navigable waterways controlled by hydraulic structures,in which the majority of the flow is treated wastewater effluent and there are periods of substantial combined sewer *** CAWs comprises a network of effluent dominated *** stringent dissolved oxygen(DO)standards and a reduced flow augmentation allowance have been recently applied to the ***,a carefully calibrated and verified one-dimensional flow and water quality model was applied to the CAWs to determine emission-based real-time control guidelines for the operation of flow augmentation and aeration *** goal of these guidelines was to attain DO standards at least 95%of the ***“optimal”guidelines were tested for representative normal,dry,and wet *** finally proposed guidelines were found in the simulations to attain the 95%target for nearly all locations in the CAWs for the three test *** developed operational guidelines have been applied since 2018 and have shown improved attainment of the DO standards throughout the CAWs while at the same time achieving similar energy use at the aeration stations on the Calumet River system,greatly lowered energy use on the Chicago River system,and greatly lowered discretionary diversion from Lake Michigan,meeting the recently enacted lower amount of allowed annual discretionary *** case study indicates that emission-based real-time control developed from a well calibrated model holds potential to help many receiving water bodies achieve high attainment of water quality standards.

关键词： Water quality modeling Water quality management Real-time control stream aeration Flow augmentation Dissolved oxygen

Individual prey choices of octopuses： Are they generalist or specialist？

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 597-603页

作者： jennifer A. MATHER Tatiana s. LEITE Allan T. BATIsTA Psychology Department University of Lethbridge Lethbridge AB Canada T1K 3M4 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal/RN CEP 590 Brazil

Prey choice is often evaluated at the species or population level. Here, we analyzed the diet of octopuses of different populations with the aim to assess the importance of individual feeding habits as a factor affecting prey choice. Two methods were used, an assessment of the extent to which an individual octopus made choices of species representative of those population （Psi and Is） and 25% cutoff values for number of choices and percentage intake of individual on their prey. In one population of Octopus cfvulgaris in Bermuda individuals were generalist by Is=0.77, but most chose many prey of the same species, and were specialists on it by 〉75% intake. Another population had a wider prey selection, still generalist with Psi=0.66, but two individuals specialized by choices. In Bonaire, there was a wide range of prey species chosen, and the population was specialists by Is=0.42. Individual choices revealed seven specialists and four generalists. A population of Octopus cyanea in Hawaii all had similar choices of crustaceans, so the population was generalist by Is with 0.74. But by individual choices, three were considered a spe-cialist. A population of Enteroctopus dofleini from Puget sound had a wide range of preferences, in which seven were also spe-cialists, Is=0.53, By individual choices, thirteen were also specialists. Given the octopus specialty of learning during foraging, we hypothesize that both localized prey availability and individual personality differences could influence the exploration for prey and this translates into different prey choices across individuals and populations showed in this study.

关键词： Octopuses Prey choice specialist Generalist

Effect of Y^(3+), Gd^(3+) and La^(3+) dopant ions on structural, optical and electrical properties of o-mullite nanoparticles

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Journal of Rare Earths 2014年第1期32卷 37-42页

作者： M.M.s.sanad M.M.Rashad E.A.Abdel-Aal M.F.El-shahat K.powers Central Metallurgical R & D Institute Particle Engineering Research Center University of Florida Faculty of science Ain Shams University

Dielectric ceramics of M（x）Al6（1-x）si2O13 doped mullite were synthesized via co-precipitation technique. The X-ray diffrac-tion profiles revealed that these nanoparticles were crystallized well and the volume of mullite unit cell was increased as a function of the ionic radius of dopant ion. TEM images showed regular orthorhombic crystal morphology for the pure mullite sample. Meanwhile, the doped samples exhibited slightly distorted crystal morphology of larger particle sizes. DsC thermograms evinced that the exo-thermic peak temperature of mullite was shifted to the lower value with M3＋ion insertion. The photoluminescence spectra were stud-ied for mullite samples, and it was found that the intensity of the emission spectra was affected by the M3＋ion type. It was found that, Y3＋doped mullite achieved the minimum dielectric loss value of 0.01 in the radio wave frequency region （1 MHz）. Meanwhile, Gd3＋doped mullite achieved the minimum dielectric loss value of 0.09 in the microwave frequency region （1 GHz）.

关键词： rare earths doped mullite photoluminescence crystallization temperature dielectric ceramics

Investigation of Influencing Parameters for Tribological Conditions in Dry Forming Processes

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Acta Metallurgica sinica(English Letters) 2015年第12期28卷 1435-1441页

作者： jennifer steiner Marion Merklein Institute of Manufacturing Technology Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg

Environmental awareness and a growing demand for efficient resource utilization encourage the realization of lubricant-free forming processes. A first step in accomplishing dry sheet metal forming is to gain knowledge about the changing tribological conditions and to identify the relevant influencing parameters. The commonly used flat strip drawing test was selected to investigate the tribological conditions in the flange area of deep drawing processes. The influencing factors of contact pressure and varying drawing velocities were analyzed under dry and lubricated conditions. Additionally,the tool and workpiece surfaces were characterized. Besides lubrication, the contact pressure mainly determines the tribological conditions. In lubricated tests higher normal pressure reduces friction, whereas without lubrication higher pressure results in slightly increasing friction. A changing drawing velocity affects the friction when lubricant is applied. In dry experiments, no influence of velocity was found. Results of surface characterization reveal adhesion as main wear mechanism under dry conditions. Based on the investigated influence of the process parameters, an increase in process understanding for dry forming operations is derived.

关键词： Deep drawing Tribology Friction Dry forming