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Detecting white matter alterations in multiple sclerosis using advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging

Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第1期14卷 114-123页

作者： sourajit M.Mustafi Jaroslaw Harezlak Chandana Kodiweera jennifer s.randolph James C.Ford Heather A.Wishart Yu-Chien Wu Department of Radiology and Imaging sciences Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Indiana University Department of Psychological and Brain sciences and Dartmouth Brain Imaging Center Dartmouth College Department of Psychiatry Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth

Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative and inflammatory disease, a hallmark of which is demyelinating lesions in the white matter. We hypothesized that alterations in white matter microstructures can be non-invasively characterized by advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. seven diffusion metrics were extracted from hybrid diffusion imaging acquisitions via classic diffusion tensor imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, and q-space imaging. We investigated the sensitivity of the diffusion metrics in 36 sets of regions of interest in the brain white matter of six female patients(age 52.8 ± 4.3 years) with multiple sclerosis. Each region of interest set included a conventional T2-defined lesion, a matched perilesion area, and normal-appearing white matter. six patients with multiple sclerosis(n = 5) or clinically isolated syndrome(n = 1) at a mild to moderate disability level were recruited. The patients exhibited microstructural alterations from normal-appearing white matter transitioning to perilesion areas and lesions, consistent with decreased tissue restriction, decreased axonal density, and increased classic diffusion tensor imaging diffusivity. The findings suggest that diffusion compartment modeling and q-spa ce analysis appeared to be sensitive for detecting subtle microstructural alterations between perilesion areas and normal-appearing white matter.

关键词： multiple sclerosis hybrid diffusion imaging NODDI diffusion tensor imaging q-space imaging

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A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： simeon C.Daeschler Katelyn J.W.so Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny Cheung jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini JPaul santerre Tessa Gordon Gregory HBorschel sickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University school of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

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Inflammasome links traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabriela seplovich Yazan Bouchi Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari jennifer C.Munoz Pareja Andrew Reisner Laura Blackwell Yehia Mechref Kevin K.Wang J.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas Kobeissy Department of surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurobiology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurological surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric Critical Care Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatrics Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse school of Medicine AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation includes the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous microtubule-associated protein that protects the integrity of neuronal cytoskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic aggregates. These misfolded proteins are characteristic of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and can lead to downstream neuroinflammatory processes, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric protein units that, upon activation, release a cascade of signaling molecules resulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like receptor protein 3 activation acts as a causal factor in pathological tau accumulation and spreading. This review begins by describing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and discuss the role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal continuum. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets that may intercept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurological decline.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease caspase-1 chronic traumatic encephalopathy inflammasomes neurodegeneration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic brain injury

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A sweet new study: tropical forest species use nonstructural carbohydrates in different ways during drought

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第4期13卷 387-388页

作者： jennifer s.Powers Departments of Ecology Evolution and Behaviorand Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA

Anthropogenic climate change results in more than just elevated *** regimes are also impacted,and these changes include altered rainfall amounts,seasonality and variability(Feng et al.2013),and increases in the frequency and severity of droughts(Dai 2013).Climate change is likely to have profound consequences for forests(Brodribb et al.2020).While the potential effects of droughts on forests through tree mortality have been acknowledged for some decades(Karnig and Wyford 1968),a concerted focus on trees and droughts in the scientific literature is relatively *** evidence in support of this claim,a Web of science search for the key words‘tree and mortality and drought’for the years 1900 through 2020 reveals that 82%of articles on this topic have been published in the last *** such,there is still disagreement on the mechanisms through which individual trees,species and forest communities respond to drought(Brodribb et al.2020).

关键词： drought consequences structural

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sentence,Phrase,and Triple Annotations to Build a Knowledge Graph of Natural Language Processing Contributions—A Trial Dataset

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Journal of Data and Information science 2021年第3期6卷 6-34页

作者： jennifer D’souza sören Auer TIB Leibniz Information Centre for science and Technology HannoverGermany

Purpose:This work aims to normalize the NLPCONTRIBUTIONs scheme(henceforward,NLPCONTRIBUTIONGRAPH)to structure,directly from article sentences,the contributions information in Natural Language Processing(NLP)scholarly articles via a two-stage annotation methodology:1)pilot stage-to define the scheme(described in prior work);and 2)adjudication stage-to normalize the graphing model(the focus of this paper).Design/methodology/approach:We re-annotate,a second time,the contributions-pertinent information across 50 prior-annotated NLP scholarly articles in terms of a data pipeline comprising:contribution-centered sentences,phrases,and triple *** this end,specifically,care was taken in the adjudication annotation stage to reduce annotation noise while formulating the guidelines for our proposed novel NLP contributions structuring and graphing ***:The application of NLPCONTRIBUTIONGRAPH on the 50 articles resulted finally in a dataset of 900 contribution-focused sentences,4,702 contribution-information-centered phrases,and 2,980 surface-structured *** intra-annotation agreement between the first and second stages,in terms of F1-score,was 67.92%for sentences,41.82%for phrases,and 22.31%for triple statements indicating that with increased granularity of the information,the annotation decision variance is *** limitations:NLPCONTRIBUTIONGRAPH has limited scope for structuring scholarly contributions compared with sTEM(science,Technology,Engineering,and Medicine)scholarly knowledge at ***,the annotation scheme in this work is designed by only an intra-annotator consensus-a single annotator first annotated the data to propose the initial scheme,following which,the same annotator reannotated the data to normalize the annotations in an adjudication ***,the expected goal of this work is to achieve a standardized retrospective model of capturing NLP contributions from scholarly *** would entail a larger initiati

关键词： scholarly knowledge graphs Open science graphs Knowledge representation Natural language processing semantic publishing

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Operational guidance for aeration and flow augmentation for the Chicago Area Waterway system—A case study

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Water science and Engineering 2023年第4期16卷 345-358页

作者： Charles s.Melching jennifer Wasik Ed staudacher Thomas Minarik Melching Water solutions LLC GreenfieldWI 53221USA Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago ChicagoIL 60611USA Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago CiceroIL 60804USA

The Chicago Area Waterway system(CAWs)is a 133.9 km branching network of navigable waterways controlled by hydraulic structures,in which the majority of the flow is treated wastewater effluent and there are periods of substantial combined sewer *** CAWs comprises a network of effluent dominated *** stringent dissolved oxygen(DO)standards and a reduced flow augmentation allowance have been recently applied to the ***,a carefully calibrated and verified one-dimensional flow and water quality model was applied to the CAWs to determine emission-based real-time control guidelines for the operation of flow augmentation and aeration *** goal of these guidelines was to attain DO standards at least 95%of the ***“optimal”guidelines were tested for representative normal,dry,and wet *** finally proposed guidelines were found in the simulations to attain the 95%target for nearly all locations in the CAWs for the three test *** developed operational guidelines have been applied since 2018 and have shown improved attainment of the DO standards throughout the CAWs while at the same time achieving similar energy use at the aeration stations on the Calumet River system,greatly lowered energy use on the Chicago River system,and greatly lowered discretionary diversion from Lake Michigan,meeting the recently enacted lower amount of allowed annual discretionary *** case study indicates that emission-based real-time control developed from a well calibrated model holds potential to help many receiving water bodies achieve high attainment of water quality standards.

关键词： Water quality modeling Water quality management Real-time control stream aeration Flow augmentation Dissolved oxygen

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Individual prey choices of octopuses： Are they generalist or specialist？

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 597-603页

作者： jennifer A. MATHER Tatiana s. LEITE Allan T. BATIsTA Psychology Department University of Lethbridge Lethbridge AB Canada T1K 3M4 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal/RN CEP 590 Brazil

Prey choice is often evaluated at the species or population level. Here, we analyzed the diet of octopuses of different populations with the aim to assess the importance of individual feeding habits as a factor affecting prey choice. Two methods were used, an assessment of the extent to which an individual octopus made choices of species representative of those population （Psi and Is） and 25% cutoff values for number of choices and percentage intake of individual on their prey. In one population of Octopus cfvulgaris in Bermuda individuals were generalist by Is=0.77, but most chose many prey of the same species, and were specialists on it by 〉75% intake. Another population had a wider prey selection, still generalist with Psi=0.66, but two individuals specialized by choices. In Bonaire, there was a wide range of prey species chosen, and the population was specialists by Is=0.42. Individual choices revealed seven specialists and four generalists. A population of Octopus cyanea in Hawaii all had similar choices of crustaceans, so the population was generalist by Is with 0.74. But by individual choices, three were considered a spe-cialist. A population of Enteroctopus dofleini from Puget sound had a wide range of preferences, in which seven were also spe-cialists, Is=0.53, By individual choices, thirteen were also specialists. Given the octopus specialty of learning during foraging, we hypothesize that both localized prey availability and individual personality differences could influence the exploration for prey and this translates into different prey choices across individuals and populations showed in this study.

关键词： Octopuses Prey choice specialist Generalist

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Investigation of Influencing Parameters for Tribological Conditions in Dry Forming Processes

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Acta Metallurgica sinica(English Letters) 2015年第12期28卷 1435-1441页

作者： jennifer steiner Marion Merklein Institute of Manufacturing Technology Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg

Environmental awareness and a growing demand for efficient resource utilization encourage the realization of lubricant-free forming processes. A first step in accomplishing dry sheet metal forming is to gain knowledge about the changing tribological conditions and to identify the relevant influencing parameters. The commonly used flat strip drawing test was selected to investigate the tribological conditions in the flange area of deep drawing processes. The influencing factors of contact pressure and varying drawing velocities were analyzed under dry and lubricated conditions. Additionally,the tool and workpiece surfaces were characterized. Besides lubrication, the contact pressure mainly determines the tribological conditions. In lubricated tests higher normal pressure reduces friction, whereas without lubrication higher pressure results in slightly increasing friction. A changing drawing velocity affects the friction when lubricant is applied. In dry experiments, no influence of velocity was found. Results of surface characterization reveal adhesion as main wear mechanism under dry conditions. Based on the investigated influence of the process parameters, an increase in process understanding for dry forming operations is derived.

关键词： Deep drawing Tribology Friction Dry forming

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Analysis of Oseltamivir Resistance substitutions in Influenza Virus Glycoprotein Neuraminidase using a Lentivirus-Based surrogate Assay system

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Virologica sinica 2013年第2期28卷 81-91页

作者： jennifer Tisoncik-Go Katie s Cordero Lijun Rong Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Microbiology University of Washington

Influenza A virus poses a great threat to global health, and oseltamivir (trade marked as Tamiflu), which targets influenza surface glycoprotein neuraminidase (NA), is used clinically as a major anti-influenza treatment. However, certain substitutions in NA can render an influenza virus resistant to this drug. In this study, using a lentiviral pseudotyping system, which alleviates the safety concerns of studying highly pathogenic influenza viruses such as avian influenza H5N1, that utilizes influenza surface glycoproteins (hemagglutinin or HA, and NA) and an HIV-core combined with a luciferase reporter gene as a surrogate assay, we first assessed the functionality of NA by measuring pseudovirion release in the absence or presence of oseltamivir. We demonstrated that oseltamivir displays a dose-dependent inhibition on NA activity. In contrast, a mutant NA (H274Y) is more resistant to oseltamivir treatment. In addition, the effects of several previously reported substitution NA mutants were examined as well. Our results demonstrate that this lentivirus-based pseudotyping system provides a quick, safe, and effective way to assess resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors. And we believe that as new mutations appear in influenza isolates, their impact on the effectiveness of current and future anti-NA can be quickly and reliably evaluated by this assay.

关键词： Influenza virus Neuraminidase (NA) Oseltamivir Drug resistance

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In vitro analysis of riboflavin-modified,experimental,two-step etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive:Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and micro-Raman studies

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International Journal of Oral science 2015年第2期7卷 110-124页

作者： Umer Daood Chan swee Heng jennifer Neo Chiew Lian Amr s Fawzy Discipline of Oral sciences Faculty of DentistryNational University of Singapore Laboratory technologist Discipline of Oral SciencesBiomaterials and BiophotonicsNational University of Singapore Discipline of Prosthodontics Operative Dentistry and EndodonticsNational University of Singapore

To modify two-step experimental etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive with different concentrations of riboflavin and to study its effect on the bond strength,degree of conversion,along with resin infiltration within the demineralized dentin substrate,an experimental adhesive-system was modified with different concentrations of riboflavin（mlm,0,1%,3%,5%and 10%）.Dentin surfaces were etched with 37%phosphoric acid,bonded with respective adhesives,restored with restorative composite-resin,and sectioned into resin-dentin slabs and beams to be stored for 24 h or 9 months in artificial ***-tensile bond testing was performed with scanning electron microscopy to analyse the failure of debonded *** degree of conversion was evaluated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） at different time points along with micro-Raman spectroscopy *** was analyzed with one-way and two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey＇s for pair-wise *** with 1%and 3%riboflavin increased the micro-tensile bond strength compared to the control at 24 h and 9-month storage with no significant differences in degree of conversion（P〈0.05）.The most predominant failure mode was the mixed fracture among all specimens except 10%riboflavin-modified adhesive specimens where cohesive failure was *** analysis revealed that 1%and 3%riboflavin adhesives specimens showed relatively higher resin *** incorporation of riboflavin in the experimental two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive at 3%（mlm） improved the immediate bond strengths and bond durability after 9-month storage in artificial saliva without adversely affecting the degree of conversion of the adhesive monomers and resin infiltration.

关键词： adhesive resin infiltration stored restorative tensile collagen durability Modification chemicals

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