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An assessment of the climatic suitability of Afriski Mountain Resort for outdoor tourism using the Tourism Climate Index(TCI)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第11期16卷 2453-2469页

作者： Kirsten NOOME jennifer M.FITCHETT School of Geography Archaeology and Environmental Studies University of the Witwatersrand

Tourism Climatic Indices(TCIs)are widely used in the global North to quantify the climatic suitability of a destination for *** one such study has been conducted in southern Africa to *** is in a chronic shortage of research on tourism and climate change in the southern *** study presents the application of the TCI in Lesotho,calculated for the eastern Lesotho *** region has an emerging tourism sector,which primarily comprises outdoor *** include hiking,horse-riding,music festivals,mountain biking,cultural visits,sightseeing,and at the Afriski lodge,skiing and *** activities are reliant on climatic conditions that are conducive to the activity taking place,prolonged periods outdoors,and tourist satisfaction of the *** is a major determinant of both the length of season for these activities and the timing of peak tourist *** temperatures and changes in relative humidity and precipitation pose real threats to hiking,sightseeing and snow tourism at *** reliance of tourism in the region on specific climatic conditions for successful tourism prompted the use of the *** results classify the eastern Lesotho Highlands as having‘good'climatic conditions with an overall TCI score of 64 for the period *** TCI scores for the eastern Lesotho reveal a bimodal-shoulder,meaning the peak climatic conditions are in the regional summer months(December to February).This conflicts with the peak tourist seasons of summer and winter,which align with South African school holidays,and the timing of the most profitable tourism activity(skiing)which occurs during the winter months of June,July and *** is landlocked by South *** analysis for South Africa reveals more suitable climatic conditions for tourism than Lesotho,with significantly higher scores of 80-89.

关键词： Climate Tourism Climatic Index(TCI) Lesotho Highlands Outdoor tourism Snow tourism

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Sensitivity study of subgrid scale ocean mixing under sea ice using a two-column ocean grid in climate model CESM

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2015年第4期9卷 594-604页

作者： Meibing JIN jennifer HUTCHINGS Yusuke KAWAGUCHI International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks AK 99775 USA College of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University OR 97331 USA Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka 237-0061 Japan

Brine drainage from sea ice formation plays a critical role in ocean mixing and seasonal variations of halocline in polar oceans. The horizontal scale of brine drainage and its induced convection is much smaller than a climate model grid and a model tends to produce false ocean mixing when brine drainage is averaged over a grid cell. A two-column ocean grid （TCOG） scheme was implemented in the Community Earth System Model （CESM） using coupled sea ice-ocean model setting to explicitly solve the different vertical mixing in the two sub- columns of one model grid with and without brine rejection. The fraction of grid with brine rejection was tested to be equal to the lead fraction or a small constant number in a series of sensitivity model runs forced by the same atmospheric data from 1978 to 2009. The model results were compared to observations from 29 ice tethered profilers （ITp） in the Arctic Ocean Basin from 2004 to 2009. Compared with the control run using a regular ocean grid, the TCOG simulations showed consistent reduction of model errors in salinity and mixed layer depth （MLD）. The model using a small constant fraction grid for brine rejection was found to produce the best model comparison with observations, indicating that the horizontal scale of the brine drainage is very small compared to the sea ice cover and even smaller than the lead fraction. Comparable to models using brine rejection parameterization schemes, TCOG achieved more improvements in salinity but similar in MLD.

关键词： climate model sea ice mixed-layer depth,ocean mixing brine drainage

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Challenges in enriching milk fat with polyunsaturated fatty acids

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 290-298页

作者： jennifer Stamey Lanier Benjamin A.Corl phibro Animal Health Corporation TeaneckN JUSA Department of Dairy Science Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061-031 SUSA

Milk fatty acid composition is determined by several factors including diet. The milk fatty acid profile of dairy cows is low in polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially those of the n-3 series. Efforts to change and influence fatty acid profile with longer chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have proven challenging. Several barriers prevent easy transfer of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids to milk fat including rumen biohydrogenation and fatty acid esterification. The potential for cellular uptake and differences in fatty acid incorporation into milk fat might also have an effect, though this has received less research effort. Given physiological impediments to enriching milk fat with polyunsaturated fatty acids, manipulating the genome of the cow might provide a greater increase than diet alone, but this too may be challenged by the physiology of the cow.

关键词： Dairy cow Milk fat polyunsaturated fatty acids

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Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases in cancertype protein tyrosine phosphatases in cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2015年第2期34卷 61-69页

作者： Yu Du jennifer R.Grandis Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine School of Medicine Tsinghua University

protein tyrosine phosphatases(pTps) play an important role in regulating cell signaling events in coordination with tyrosine kinases to control cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival, migration, and invasion. Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases(pTpRs) are a subgroup of pTps that share a transmembrane domain with resulting similarities in function and target specificity. In this review, we summarize genetic and epigenetic alterations including mutation, deletion, amplification, and promoter methylation of pTpRs in cancer and consider the consequences of pTpR alterations in different types of cancers. We also summarize recent developments using pTpRs as prognostic or predictive biomarkers and/or direct targets. Increased understanding of the role of pTpRs in cancer may provide opportunities to improve therapeutic approaches.

关键词：蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶癌症体型表观遗传细胞增殖细胞信号 pTp 酶调控

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Investigating materials and orientation parameters for the creation of a 3D musculoskeletal interface co-culture model

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2020年第4期7卷 413-425页

作者： Hamad Alsaykhan jennifer Z.paxton Anatomy@Edinburgh Edinburgh Medical School:Biomedical SciencesThe University of EdinburghTeviot PlaceEdinburgh EH89AGUK Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine and Health SciencesQassim UniversityPO Box 99151911 Unaizah CampusAl-Qassim 51911Saudi Arabia

Musculoskeletal tissue interfaces are a common site of injury in the young,active *** particular,the interface between the musculoskeletal tissues of tendon and bone is often injured and to date,no single treatment has been able to restore the form and function of damaged tissue at the bone-tendon *** engineering and regeneration hold great promise for the manufacture of bespoke in vitro models or implants to be used to advance repair and so this study investigated the material,orientation and culture choices for manufacturing a reproducible 3D model of a musculoskeletal interface between tendon and bone cell *** models are essential for future studies focussing on the regeneration of musculoskeletal interfaces in ***-encapsulated fibrin hydrogels,arranged in a horizontal orientation though a simple moulding procedure,were shown to best support cellular growth and migration of cells to form an in vitro tendon-bone *** study highlights the importance of acknowledging the material and technical challenges in establishing co-cultures and suggests a reproducible methodology to form 3D co-cultures between tendon and bone,or other musculoskeletal cell types,in vitro.

关键词： tendon bone 3D co-culture hydrogels musculoskeletal interface

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Fueling the engine and releasing the break: combinational therapy of cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2015年第3期12卷 201-208页

作者： jennifer Kleponis Richard Skelton Lei Zheng Department of Oncology Department of Surgery The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Masters of Health Science program in Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly drawing much attention in the therapeutic development for cancer treatment. However, many cancer patients do not respond to treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors, partly because of the lack of tumor-infiltrating effector T cells. Cancer vaccines may prime patients for treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors by inducing effector T-ceU infiltration into the tumors and immune checkpoint signals. The combination of cancer vaccine and an immune checkpoint inhibitor may function synergistically to induce more effective antitumor immune responses, and clinical trials to test the combination are currently ongoing.

关键词： Cancer vaccine immune checkpoint immunotherapy cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) programmed death-1(pD- 1) programmed cell death ligand- I (pD -L 1 )

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Classification of different sustainable flood retention basin types

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期22卷 898-903页

作者： Michelle Robinson Miklas Scholz Nicolas Bastien jennifer Carfrae Scottish Agricultural College Peter Wilson Building Institute for Infrastructure and Environment School of EngineeringThe University of EdinburghWilliam Rankine Building School of Built Environment Heriot-Watt University

Using a revised version of a previously published expert classification system, a database of potential Sustainable Flood Retention Basins has been developed for Scotland. The research shows that the majority of small and former （often old） drinking water reservoirs are kept full and their spillways are continuously in operation. Utilising some of the available capacity to contribute to flood control could significantly reduce the costs of complying with the European Union Flood Directive. Furthermore, the application of a previously developed classification model for Baden in Germany for the Scottish data set showed a lower diversity for basins in Scotland due to less developed infrastructure. The classification system appears to be robust and has the potential, with minor modifications, to be applied across Europe. The principle value of this approach is a clear and unambiguous categorisation, based on standard variables, which can help to promote communication and understanding between stakeholders.

关键词： classification system diffuse pollution control principal component analysis runoff control sustainable flood retention basin

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Duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma with lymph node metastases: a case report and comparative review of 31 cases

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2017年第6期5卷 222-233页

作者： Sahara J Cathcart Aaron R Sasson Jessica A Kozel jennifer M Oliveto Quan p Ly Department of pathology and Microbiology 985900 Nebraska Medical Center Department of Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology Stony Brook Medicine Midwest pathology Associates LLC Department of Radiology University of Nebraska Medical Center Department of Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology University of Nebraska Medical Center

Gangliocytic paraganglioma(Gp) is a rare tumor of uncertain origin most often located in the second portion of the duodenum. It is composed of three cellular components: Epithelioid endocrine cells, spindlelike/sustentacular cells, and ganglion-like cells. While this tumor most often behaves in a benign manner, cases with metastasis are reported. We describe the case of a 62-year-old male with a periampullary Gp with metastases to two regional lymph nodes who was successfully treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy. Using pub Med, EMBASE, EBSCOhost MEDLINE and CINAHL, and Google Scholar, we searched the literature for cases of Gp with regional lymph node metastasis and evaluated the varying presentations, diagnostic workup, and disease management of identified cases. Thirty-one cases of Gp with metastasis were compiled(30 with at least lymph node metastases and one with only distant metastasis to bone), with age at diagnosis ranging from 16 to 74 years. Ratio of males to females was 19:12. The most common presenting symptoms were abdominal pain(55%) and gastrointestinal bleeding or sequelae(42%). Twenty-five patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. Five patients were treated with local resection alone. One patient died secondary to metastatic disease, and one died secondary to perioperative decompensation. The remainder did well, with no evidence of disease at follow-up from the most recent procedure(except two in which residual disease was deliberately left behind). Of the 26 cases with sufficient histological description, 16 described a primary tumor that infiltrated deep to the submucosa, and 3 described lymphovascular invasion. Of the specific immunohistochemistry staining patterns studied, synaptophysin(SYN) stained all epithelioid endocrine cells(18/18). Neuron specific enolase(NSE) and SYN stained most ganglion-like cells(7/8 and 13/18 respectively), and S-100 stained all spindle-like/sustentacular cells(21/21). Our literature review of published cases of Gp

关键词： Gangliocytic paraganglioma metastases duodenum lymph node dissection pancreaticoduodenectomy

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The evolution of multi-component visual signals in darters （genus Etheostoma）

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 125-139页

作者： jennifer M. GUMM Tamra C. MENDELSON Department of Biological Sciences University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore MD 21250 USA

As complex traits evolve, each component of the trait may be under different selection pressures and could respond independently to distinct evolutionary forces. We used comparative methods to examine patterns of evolution in multiple components of a complex courtship signal in darters, specifically addressing the question of how nuptial coloration evolves across different areas of the body. Using spectral reflectance, we defined 4 broad color classes present on the body and fins of 17 species of freshwater fishes （genus Etheostoma） and quantified differences in hue within each color class. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests that most color traits were expressed in the most recent common ancestor of sampled species and that differences among species are mostly due to losses in coloration. The evolutionary lability of coloration varied across body regions; we found sig- nificant phylogenetic signal for orange color on the body but not for most colors on fins. Finally, patterns of color evolution and hue Of the colors were correlated among the two dorsal fins and between the anterior dorsal and anal fins, but not between any of the fins and the body. The observed patterns support the hypothesis that different components of complex signals may be subject to distinct evolutionary pressures, and suggests that the combination of behavioral displays and morphology in communication may have a strong influence on patterns of signal evolution .

关键词： Comparative method Etheostoma Independent evolution Nuptial coloration

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Effect of successive sprays on liquid distribution in fluidized beds

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particuology 2021年第1期19卷 17-24页

作者： Cedric Briens Liliana pardo Reyes Franco Berruti jennifer McMillan Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources Western University22312 Wonderland Rd.IldertonONN0M 2A0Canada Edmonton Research Centre Syncrude Canada Ltd942117th AveEdmontonABT6N 1H4 Canada

In processes such as Fluid Coking^(™),agglomerate formation should be minimized since it reduces the yield of valuable products,and degrades operability because of the fouling of *** experimental model,consisting of an aqueous solution of gum arabic with a dye,has been successfully developed to simulate the formation of agglomerates in the Fluid Coking^(™)process,where bitumen is sprayed into a fluidized bed of coke particles The particles wetted by a spray could be predicted by assuming that all the particles in the wake of bubbles formed from the tip of the spray jet have been wetted by the injected *** transfer of liquid from particles wetted with the spray to dry bed particles was relatively ineffective,as the number of wet particles increased by only 50%.With successive liquid injections,the proportion of the liquid trapped in agglomerates increases in latter injections:large agglomerates from earlier injections accumulate above the grid and are carried by gas bubbles into the spray jet cavity,where they seed fresh agglomerates.

关键词： Fluidized bed Liquid injection Agglomerate formation Fluid Coker

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