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Variability of water supply affected shoot biomass and root depth distribution of four temperate grassland species in monocultures and mixtures

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第5期13卷 554-562页

作者： Eamon Haughey jennifer CMcElwain John AFinn Botany Department School of Natural SciencesTrinity College DublinDublin Ireland 2TeagascEnvironment Research CentreJohnstown CastleWexfordIreland

Aims Research on the effects of extreme rainfall events on ecosystem function has primarily focussed on drought or flooding events,which usually include changes to mean or total rainfall,annually or over a ***,less is known about the effects of increased rainfall variability without change to mean or total *** investigated the effects of increased variation of water supply on shoot and root biomass as well as the distribution of root biomass of four grassland plant species,grown in monoculture and mixture *** Perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.,shallow-rooting grass),chicory(Cichorium intybus L.,deep-rooting forb),white clover(Trifolium repens L.,shallow-rooting legume)and red clover(Trifolium pratense L.,deep-rooting legume)were established in *** plants of the same species were grown in monoculture communities and one of each species grown in four-species *** supply was manipulated such that;compared with a baseline level with low variation in water supply,there was a treatment with medium variation(±40%)and another with high variation(±80%).Shoot and root biomass were measured,and vertical root distribution models *** Findings Compared with the low variation treatment,shoot biomass was significantly reduced under high variation for white clover,red clover and four-species *** all conditions,four-species communities produced more shoot and root biomass than predicted by species performance in monoculture(overyielding).Under increased water variation,chicory monocultures allocated a higher proportion of root biomass to deeper soil layers while the total root biomass of white clover monocultures was significantly *** results indicate that increased variability of water supply can negatively affect the shoot and root biomass production of single and multi-species *** is a need for further investigation of water variation effects on the functioning of multi-sp

关键词： climate variability rainfall forage production root depth distribution grassland ecology

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Preliminary sensitivity study on an life cycle assessment(LCA)tool via assessing a hybrid timber building

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2020年第2期5卷 108-113页

作者： Tiancheng Wu Meng Gong jennifer Xiao Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management University of New BrunswickFrederictonNB E3C2G6Canada Department of Biology Queen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L3N6Canada

In order to address concerns related to global warming and increased atmospheric carbon content,the life cycle assessment(LCA)tool has demonstrated usefulness in the building and construction *** LCA is used to evaluate environmental impacts concerning all stages of the building process from“cradle”to“grave”.The LCA helps promote sustainable development by considering environmental indicators such as stratospheric ozone depletion,eutrophication,global warming potential,and many *** is of an interest to know the degree of impact on a given environ-mental indicator if an input is changed in terms of the type or amount of the materials *** LCA software Athena IE4B was employed to analyze data of a selected timber *** study was aimed at evaluating the sensitivity of LCA analysis on a hybrid timber building,which was done via two case *** 1 focused on changes in the volume of wood materials,meanwhile Case 2 focused on simultaneous changes in the volume of materials for wood,steel,and *** Case 1,it was observed increasing wood materials increased environmental indicators,with stratospheric ozone depletion being the most sensitive and global warming potential as the least *** 2 discovered that proportionally increasing wood materials in relation to steel and concrete materials decreased environmental indicators,with eutrophication being the most sensitive and stratospheric ozone depletion as the least *** study helped support the feasibility of using Athena IE4B for LCA analysis in the initial assessment of a building.

关键词： Life cycle assessment Hybrid timber structure Environmental indicator Sensitivity study

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Experimental study of bed-load transport using particle motion tracking

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2017年第1期32卷 73-81页

作者： Jaeho Shim jennifer G.Duan Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics University of Arizona

A series of experiments were conducted in a flume to study bed-load *** motion of bed-load particles was captured by a series of images taken by a high-speed camera.A novelparticle motion tracking method was developed to automatically detect all the moving particles and calculate the instantaneous particle *** instantaneous bed load transport rate was calculated based on particle velocity and the volume of moving *** verify this method,bed load transport rate based on the image processing technique was compared to the manually measured ones as well as data from other *** showed that the new technique made it possible to quantify the spatial and temporal variations of bed load transport rate at the individual particle scale.

关键词： Bed-load transport Particle tracking Particle velocity

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Keep quiet—how stress regulates hair follicle stem cells

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第11期6卷 3161-3162页

作者： Sven R.Quist jennifer Quist Department of Dermatology University HospitalOtto-von-Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermanyl Dermatology ClinicHelix Medical Excellence CenterMainzGermany

In a recent paper published in Nature,Choi et al.1 demonstrated that corticosterone,the mouse equivalent to human cortisol,controls the activity of hair follicle stem cell(HFCS)quiescence by regulating the gene expression of *** stem cells have the unique ability to repair,generate and maintain tissues throughout their *** cells under autonomous and non-autonomous regulators are located in specific niches where this regulation can be synchronized.2 The hair follicle is a highly interactively regulated mini-organ that enables the study of stem cell functions.

关键词： autonomous hair maintain

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Up to seven criteria in selection of systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第23期28卷 2561-2568页

作者： Tarik Silk Mikhail Silk jennifer Wu Department of Internal Medicine NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016United States Department of Interventional Radiology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065United States Division of Hematology and Oncology Perlmutter Cancer Center of NYU Langone HealthNYU School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016United States

Barcelona clinic liver cancer(BCLC)intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma is a heterogenous *** chemoembolization is offered as the first line therapy in this disease *** advances in systemic therapy have markedly improved outcomes even in advanced stage *** use of systemic therapy in BCLC intermediate stage disease may now be of therapeutic benefit in selected *** will focus on“the up to seven”criteria and its utility in selecting systemic therapy.

关键词： Chemoembolization Hepatocellular carcinoma Immunotherapy Drug combinations Review Medical oncology

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Advancements and challenges in treating advanced gastric cancer in the West

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2019年第9期11卷 652-664页

作者： jennifer L Leiting Travis E Grotz Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery Mayo Clinic

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer incidence and death *** with advanced gastric cancer benefit from a multi-modality treatment *** oncologic resection with negative margins and complete lymphadenectomy plays a crucial role in long-term survival for patients with resectable *** utilization of minimally invasive techniques for gastric cancer has been slowly increasing and is proving to be both technically and oncologically *** chemotherapy is the current standard of care for advanced gastric cancer.A variety of chemotherapy regimens have been used with the combination of docetaxel,oxaliplatin,5-fluorouracil,and leucovorin being the current recommendation given its superior ability to induce a complete pathologic response and prolong *** use of radiation has been more controversial with its optimal place in the treatment sequence being *** are current ongoing studies assessing the impact of radiation as an adjunct or in place of *** treatments(e.g.,trastuzumab for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive tumors and pembrolizumab for programmed death-ligand 1 positive tumors)are showing promise and are part of a continued emphasis on individualized *** chemotherapy may also play a role in preventing peritoneal recurrences for patients with high risk *** treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer in the West continues to advance and improve with a better understanding of optimal treatment sequences and the utilization of personalized treatment regimens.

关键词： Gastric cancer D2 lymphadenectomy Minimally invasive surgery Neoadjuvant chemotherapy Chemoradiation Targeted treatments

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Growth and competition among understory plants varies with reclamation soil and fertilization

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 116-123页

作者： jennifer Buss Kyle Stratechuk Bradley D.Pinno Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada

Introduction:Following oil sands mining in Alberta,Canada,the main land management goal is to establish a functioning boreal forest ecosystem,including the understory plant *** of the challenges with restoring the understory is the presence of non-native species that compete with desirable native species for *** a greenhouse experiment,we studied the growth of two native understory species(Galium boreale and Vicia americana)and a non-native invasive species(Matricaria perforata)grown with either intra-or interspecific neighbors across three common land reclamation soils and a nitrogen fertilizer ***:When grown by itself,*** aboveground biomass did not differ among soil or fertilizer treatments,likely due to its ability to fix *** of *** was directly related to soil nitrogen,and it had the greatest increase in biomass with *** and biomass of *** was less than the other species,and it had the highest mortality in the nitrogen-poor *** grown together,the proportional biomass of *** and *** varied with soil treatment such that *** was dominant in the high-nitrogen forest floormineral mix treatment while *** was dominant in the low-nitrogen peat-mineral ***:Operationally,care should be taken when applying fertilizer to reclamation areas,as it may have an unwanted positive effect on growth for undesirable non-native plants at the expense of native *** terms of seed mixtures,*** may be a good option for low inorganic nitrogen resource soils and *** for high nitrogen resource soils.

关键词： Matricaria perforata Galium boreale Vicia americana Forest floor-mineral mix Peat-mineral mix Oil sands reclamation

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Elevated CO_2 Accelerates Phosphorus Depletion by Common Bean(Phaseolus vulgaris) in Association with Altered Leaf Biochemical Properties

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Pedosphere 2018年第3期28卷 422-429页

作者： Zhong MA jennifer FLYNN Grant LIBRA Zechuan SHI Department of Biology Truman State University

Phosphorus （P） is a major limiting factor for plant productivity in many ecosystems and agriculture. The projected increase in atmospheric CO2 is likely to result in changes in plant mineral consumption and growth. We studied P depletion by common bean （Phaseolus vulgaris） cultured hydroponically under ambient （377±77μmol mol^-1） or elevated （650±32 μmol mol^-1） CO2 in media of low or high P. Under elevated CO2 compared to ambient CO2, the maximum P depletion rate increased by 98% at low P and 250% at high P, and P was depleted about 2-5 weeks sooner; leaf acid phosphatase （APase） activity and chlorophyll content both increased significantly; root-to-shoot ratio increased significantly at high P, although it was unaffected at low P; lateral root respiration rate showed no change, suggesting that COs did not affect P depletion via metabolic changes to the roots; the total biomass at final harvest was significantly higher at both low and high P. Our data showed that the increased rate and amount of P depletion during plant growth under elevated CO2 occurred in association with alterations in leaf biochemical properties, i.e., enhanced activities of leaf APase and increased leaf chlorophyll content.

关键词： acid phosphatase biomass partitioning chlorophyll climate change dry matter accumulation mineral nutrition

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Intragroup social dynamics vary with the presence of neighbors in a cooperatively breeding fish

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 21-31页

作者： jennifer K. Hellmann Ian M. Hamilton Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Department of Mathematics The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA jennifer K. Hellmann Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 505 S Goodwin Ave Urbana IL 61801 USA

Conflict is an in here nt part of social life in group-living species. Group members may mediate conflict through submissive and affiliative behaviors, which can reduce aggression, stabilize dominance hierarchies, and foster group cohesion. The frequency and resolution of within-group conflict may vary with the presenee of neighboring groups. Neighbors can threaten the territory or resources of the whole group, promoting behaviors that foster within-group cohesion. However, neighbors may also foster conflict of interests among group members: opportunities for subordinate dispersal may alter conflict among dominants and subordinates while opportunities for extrapair reproduction may increase conflict between mates. To understand how neighbors mediate within-group conflict in the cooperatively breeding fish Neolamprologus pulcher, we measured behavioral dynamics and social network structure in isolated groups, groups recently exposed to neighbors, and groups with established neighbors. Aggression and submission between the dominant male and female pair were high in isolated groups, but dominant aggression was directly primarily at subordinates when groups had neighbors. This suggests that neighbors attenuate conflict between mates and foster conflict between dominants and subordinates. Further, aggression and submission between similarly sized group members were most frequent when groups had neighbors, suggesting that neighbors induce rank-related conflict. We found relatively little change in within-group affiliative networks across treatments, suggesting that the presence of neighbors does not alter behaviors associated with promoting group cohesion. Collectively, these results provide some of the first empirical insights into the extent to which intragroup behavioral networks are mediated by intergroup interactions and the broader social context.

关键词： affiliation colony conflict exponential random graph model Neolamprologus pulcher network

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Delving into the recent advancements of spinal cord injury treatment: a review of recent progress

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 283-291页

作者： Joseph A.Flack Krishna Deo Sharma jennifer Yanhua Xie Department of Basic Sciences New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine at Arkansas State UniversityJonesboroARUSA Department of Biological Sciences and Arkansas Biosciences Institute Arkansas State UniversityJonesboroARUSA

Spinal cord injury(SCI) research is a very complex field lending to why reviews of SCI literatures can be beneficial to current and future researchers. This review focuses on recent articles regarding potential modalities for the treatment and management of SCI. The modalities were broken down into four categories: neuroprotectionpharmacologic, neuroprotection-non-pharmacologic, neuroregeneration-pharmacologic, neuroregeneration-non-pharmacologic. Peer-reviewed articles were found using Pub Med with search terms: "spinal cord injury", "spinal cord injury neuroregeneration", "olfactory ensheathing cells spinal cord injury", "rho-rock inhibitors spinal cord injury", "neural stem cell", "scaffold", "neural stem cell transplantation", "exosomes and SCI", "epidural stimulation SCI", "brain-computer interfaces and SCI". Most recent articles spanning two years were chosen for their relevance to the categories of SCI management and treatment. There has been a plethora of pre-clinical studies completed with their results being difficult to replicate in clinical studies. Therefore, scientists should focus on understanding and applying the results of previous research to develop more efficacious preclinical studies and clinical trials.

关键词： brain-computer interface epidural stimulation exosomes neuroprotection neuroregeneration scaffolds spinal cord injury management stem cells transplantation

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