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Germline Gene-Editing Creates Enhanced Livestock-Technical and Especially Ethical Issues Challenge Its Use in Humans

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Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 3-5页

作者： jennifer Welsh Senior Technology Writer

Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-based molecular tools,scientists are engineering-as they are also doing with plants.-animals with advantageous traits,like disease resistance and improved food *** these innovative techniques could one day be applied in humans,technical hurdles and ethical concerns likely place this possibility far in the future,The enhancements rely on germline gene editing,which alters the genes in a way that passes the changes on to *** m-line gene editing differs from the somatic cell gene editing used in the highly promising new treatment recently approved for the human disease sickle cell anemia.

关键词： likely Create editing

Implications of regional identity for neural stem and progenitor cell transplantation in the injured or diseased nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 715-716页

作者： Prakruthi Amar Kumar jennifer N.Dulin Department of Biology Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas A&m Institute for Neuroscience Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station

Neural stem and progenitor cell(NSPC)transpla ntation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for replacing lost neuronal populations and repairing damaged neural circuits following nervous system injury and disease.A great deal of experimental work has investigated the biology of NSPC grafting in preclinical animal models;more recently.

关键词： neural system injured

Efficacy and safety of peroral endoscopic myotomy after prior sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass surgery

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2020年第12期12卷 532-541页

作者： jennifer m kolb Daniel Jonas mateus Pereira Funari Hazem Hammad Paul menard-Katcher mihir S Wagh Division of Gastroenterology University of Colorado-DenverAuroraCO 80045United States Department of Internal medicine University of Colorado HospitalAuroraCO 80045United States Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao PauloSao paulo 05403000Sao pauloBrazil Interventional Endoscopy Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of Colorado-DenverAuroraCO 80045United States

BACKGROUND Per-oral endoscopic myotomy(POEm)is safe and effective for the treatment of *** is limited data on performance of POEm in patients with altered upper gastrointestinal anatomy,especially after bariatric *** in patients with prior sleeve gastrectomy have not been *** To assess the efficacy and safety of POEm in patients with prior bariatric *** A prospective POEm database was reviewed from 3/2017-5/2020 to identify patients who underwent POEm after prior bariatric *** was assessed by technical success(defined as the ability to successfully complete the procedure)and clinical success[decrease in Eckardt score(ES)to≤3 post procedure].Safety was evaluated by recording adverse *** Six patients(50%male,mean age 48 years)with a history of prior bariatric surgery who underwent POEm were *** had prior sleeve gastrectomy(SG)and three prior Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(RYGB).Four patients had achalasia subtype II and 2 had type ***(4)patients had undergone previous achalasia *** success was 100%.Clinical success was achieved in 4(67%)patients at mean follow-up of 21 *** one of the clinical failures,EndoFLIP evaluation demonstrated adequate treatment and candida esophagitis was noted as the likely cause of *** were no major adverse *** POEm is technically feasible after both RYGB and SG and offers an effective treatment for this rare group of patients where surgical options for achalasia are limited.

关键词： Obesity Bariatric surgery Achalasia Peroral endoscopic myotomy Sleeve gastrectomy Gastric bypass

New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environmental and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leighton Coates Brian H.Davison James G.Elkins Xin Gu jennifer morrell-Falvey Hugh O'Neill Jeffrey m.Warren Eric m.Pierce Kenneth Herwig Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron methods in environmental and biological sciences is rapidly emerging and accelerating with the development of new instruments at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL),offers insights into the application of neutron techniques in environmental and biological *** highlight recent advances and identify key challenges and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynamics,plant-microbe interactions,structure and dynamics of biological systems,applications in synthetic biology and enzyme engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biomaterials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynamics of porous materials in *** provide an outlook on emerging opportunities with an emphasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** mission of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-the-art neutron *** aim to encourage researchers in the environmental and biological research community to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environment Biology Neutron imaging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

A rat model of multicompartmental traumatic injury and hemorrhagic shock induces bone marrow dysfunction and profound anemia

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Animal models and Experimental medicine 2024年第3期7卷 367-376页

作者： Lauren S.Kelly jennifer A.munley Erick E.Pons Kolenkode B.Kannan Elizabeth m.Whitley Letitia E.Bible Philip A.Efron Alicia m.mohr Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA Pathogenesis LLCGainesvilleFloridaUSA

Background:Severe trauma is associated with systemic inflammation and organ *** rodent trauma models are the mainstay of postinjury research but have been criticized for not fully replicating severe human *** aim of this study was to create a rat model of multicompartmental injury which recreates profound traumatic ***:male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral lung contusion and hemorrhagic shock(LCHS),multicompartmental polytrauma(PT)(unilateral lung contusion,hemorrhagic shock,cecectomy,bifemoral pseudofracture),or na?ve ***,plasma toll-l ike receptor 4(TLR4),hemoglobin,spleen to body weight ratio,bone marrow(Bm)erythroid progenitor(CFU-GEmm,BFU-E,and CFU-E)growth,plasma granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)and right lung histologic injury were assessed on day 7,with significance defined as p valuesma resulted in markedly more profound inhibition of weight gain compared to LCHS(p=0.0002)along with elevated plasma TLR4(pmoglobin(pmonstrated suppression of CFU-E and BFU-E growth compared to naive(pma G-CSF was elevated in PT compared to both na?ve and LCHS(pmonstrated significant histologic right lung injury with poor alveolar wall integrity and interstitial ***:multicompartmental injury as described here establishes a reproducible model of multicompartmental injury with worsened anemia,splenic tissue enlargement,weight loss,and increased inflammatory activity compared to a less severe *** may serve as a more effective model to recreate profound traumatic injury to replicate the human inflammatory response postinjury.

关键词： anemia i nflammation polytrauma pseudofracture shock

Evaluation and Prediction of Groundwater Quality in the municipality of Za-Kpota (South Benin) Using machine Learning and Remote Sensing

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第7期16卷 502-522页

作者： jennifer A. Ahlonsou Firmin m. Adandedji Abdoukarim Alassane Consolas Adihou mama Daouda Laboratoire dHydrologie Applique (LHA) Institut National de lEau (INE) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Centre dExcellence dAfrique pour lEau et lAssainissement (C2EA) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Department of Water Directorate of Zou Water Service Bohicon Benin

Accessing drinking water is a global issue. This study aims to contribute to the assessment of groundwater quality in the municipality of Za-Kpota (southern Benin) using remote sensing and machine Learning. The methodological approach used consisted in linking groundwater physico-chemical parameter data collected in the field and in the laboratory using AFNOR 1994 standardized methods to satellite data (Landsat) in order to sketch out a groundwater quality prediction model. The data was processed using QGis (Semi-Automatic Plugin: SCP) and Python (Jupyter Netebook: Prediction) softwares. The results of water analysis from the sampled wells and boreholes indicated that most of the water is acidic (pH varying between 5.59 and 7.83). The water was moderately mineralized, with conductivity values of less than 1500 μs/cm overall (59 µS/cm to 1344 µS/cm), with high concentrations of nitrates and phosphates in places. The dynamics of groundwater quality in the municipality of Za-Kpota between 2008 and 2022 are also marked by a regression in land use units (a regression in vegetation and marshland formation in favor of built-up areas, bare soil, crops and fallow land) revealed by the diachronic analysis of satellite images from 2008, 2013, 2018 and 2022. Surveys of local residents revealed the use of herbicides and pesticides in agricultural fields, which are the main drivers contributing to the groundwater quality deterioration observed in the study area. Field surveys revealed the use of herbicides and pesticides in agricultural fields, which are factors contributing to the deterioration in groundwater quality observed in the study area. The results of the groundwater quality prediction models (ANN, RF and LR) developed led to the conclusion that the model based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN: R2 = 0.97 and RmSE = 0) is the best for groundwater quality changes modelling in the Za-Kpota municipality.

关键词： Groundwater Land Use Electrical Conductivity machine Learning Za-Kpota

Are there sex-based disparities in cataract surgery?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 137-143页

作者： matthew D.Geiger Anne m.Lynch Alan G.Palestine Nathan C.Grove Karen L.Christopher Richard S.Davidson michael J.Taravella Naresh mandava jennifer L.Patnaik Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIm:To investigate sex-based differences in the occurrence of intra-operative and post-operative complications and associated visual outcomes following cataract ***:This was a retrospective study of patients who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery at the University of Colorado School of *** collected included the patient’s health history,ocular comorbidities,operative and post-operative complications,and the post-operative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA).The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of some patients having two eyes included in the ***:A total of 11977 eyes from 7253 patients were included in the *** comorbidities differed by sex,with males having significantly higher percentages of traumatic cataracts(males 0.7%vs females 0.1%),prior ocular surgery(6.7%vs 5.5%),and mature cataracts(2.8%vs 1.9%).Conversely,females had significantly higher rates of pseudoexfoliation(2.0%vs 3.2%).In unadjusted analysis,males had higher rates of posterior capsular rupture(0.8%vs 0.4%)and vitreous loss(1.0%vs 0.6%),but this difference was not significant after adjustment for *** had a significantly increased risk of post-operative retinal detachment,but in multivariable analysis this was no longer *** were significantly less likely to undergo post-operative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification(OR=0.8,95%CI=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The BCVA was slightly worse for males pre-operatively;but post-operatively,both sexes exhibited similar visual acuity of Snellen equivalent 20/***:The study finds that in a cohort of patients presenting for cataract surgery,sex differences exist in pre-operative comorbidities and surgical characteristics that contribute to higher rates of some complications for ***,observed surgical complicatio

关键词： cataract surgery sex-based disparity phacoemulsification outcomes

How completely are randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion reported? A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 537-547页

作者： Jacqueline Josee van Ierssel Olivia Galea Kirsten Holte Caroline Luszawski Elizabeth Jenkins jennifer O’Neil Carolyn A Emery Rebekah mannix Kathryn Schneider Keith Owen Yeates Roger Zemek Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute OttawaON K1H 8L1Canada The Centre for Health Activity and Rehabilitation ResearchUniversity of OtagoDunedin 9016New Zealand Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary CalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4N1Canada Department of Psychology University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada g Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada School of Rehabilitation Sciences University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada Bruyere Research Institute OttawaON K1N 5C8Canada Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency medicine University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada

Purpose:The study aimed to examine the reporting completeness of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of non-pharmacological interventions following ***:We searched mEDLINE,Embase,PsycInfo,CINAHL,and Web of Science up to may *** reviewers independently screened studies and assessed reporting completeness using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication(TIDieR),Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template(CERT),and international Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise aNd Training(i-CONTENT)*** information was sought my study authors where reporting was *** of bias(ROB)was assessed with the Cochrane ROB-2 *** examining non-pharmacological interventions following ***:We included 89 RCTs(n=53 high ROB)examining 11 different interventions for concussion:sub-symptom threshold aerobic exercise,cervicovestibular therapy,physical/cognitive rest,vision therapy,education,psychotherapy,hyperbaric oxygen therapy,transcranial magnetic stimulation,blue light therapy,osteopathic manipulation,and head/neck *** scores were:TIDieR 9/12(75%;interquartile range(IQR)=5;range:5-12),CERT 17/19(89%;IQR=2;range:10-19),and i-CONTENT 6/7(86%;IQR=1;range:5-7).Percentage of studies completely reporting all items was TIDieR 35%(31/89),CERT 24%(5/21),and i-CONTENT 10%(2/21).Studies were more completely reported after publication of TIDieR(t_(87)=2.08;p=0.04)and CERT(t_(19)=2.72;p=0.01).Reporting completeness was not strongly associated with journal impact factor(TIDieR:rs=0.27;p=0.01;CERT:r_(s)=-0.44;p=0.06;i-CONTENT:r_(s)=-0.17;p=0.48)or ROB(TIDieR:rs=0.11;p=0.31;CERT:rs=0.04;p=0.86;i-CONTENT:rs=0.12;p=0.60).Conclusion:RCTs of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion demonstrate moderate to good reporting completeness,but are often missing key components,particularly modifications,motivational strategies,and qualified *** completeness improved after TIDieR and CERT publication,but p

关键词： Concussion Intervention Randomized controlled trial Systematic review

Superior antibody and membrane protein‑specific T‑cell responses to CoronaVac by intradermal versus intramuscular routes in adolescents

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 353-370页

作者： Jaime S.Rosa Duque Samuel m.S.Cheng Carolyn A.Cohen Daniel Leung Xiwei Wang Xiaofeng mu Yuet Chung Tsun ming Lau manni Wang Wenyue Zhang Yanmei Zhang Howard H.W.Wong Leo C.H.Tsang Sara Chaothai Tsz Chun Kwan John K.C.Li Karl C.K.Chan Leo L.H.Luk Jenson C.H.Ho Wing Yan Li Amos m.T.Lee jennifer H.Y.Lam Sau man Chan Wilfred H.S.Wong Issan Y.S.Tam masashi mori Sophie A.Valkenburg malik Peiris Wenwei Tu Yu Lung Lau Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Public Health The University of Hong KongHong KongChina HKU‑Pasteur Research Pole School of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology Ishikawa Prefectural UniversityNonoichiJapan Department of microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infectionand ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia Center for Immunology and Infection C2i Hong KongChina

Background Optimising the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines to improve their protection against disease is *** dosing by intradermal(ID)administration has been shown to be equally immunogenic as intramuscular(Im)administration for several vaccines,but the immunogenicity of ID inactivated whole severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)at the full dose is *** study(NCT04800133)investigated the superiority of antibody and T-cell responses of full-dose CoronaVac by ID over Im administration in *** Participants aged 11–17 years received two doses of Im or ID vaccine,followed by the 3rd dose 13–42 days *** and cellular immunogenicity outcomes were measured post-dose 2(Im-CC versus ID-CC)and post-dose 3(ImCCC versus ID-CCC).Doses 2 and 3 were administered to 173 and 104 adolescents,*** Spike protein(S)immunoglobulin G(IgG),S-receptor-binding domain(RBD)IgG,S IgG Fcγreceptor IIIa(FcγRIIIa)-binding,SNm[sum of individual(S),nucleocapsid protein(N),and membrane protein(m)peptide pool]-specific interleukin-2(IL-2)+CD4^(+),SNm-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+),S-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+),N-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+),N-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+)and m-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+)responses fulfilled the superior and non-inferior criteria for ID-CC compared to Im-CC,whereas IgG avidity was *** ID-CCC,S-RBD IgG,surrogate virus neutralisation test,90%plaque reduction neutralisation titre(PRNT90),PRNT50,S IgG avidity,S IgG FcγRIIIa-binding,m-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+),interferon-γ+CD8^(+)and IL-2^(+)CD8^(+)responses were superior and non-inferior to *** estimated vaccine efficacies were 49%,52%,66%and 79%for Im-CC,ID-CC,Im-CCC and ID-CCC,*** ID groups reported more local,mild adverse *** This is the first study to demonstrate superior antibody and m-specific T-cell responses by ID inactivated SARSCoV-2 vaccination and serves as the basis for future research to improve the

关键词： CoronaVac Coronavirus disease 2019 Immunity Intradermal Vaccine