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Are there sex-based disparities in cataract surgery?

International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 137-143页

作者： Matthew d.Geiger Anne M.lynch Alan G.Palestine Nathan C.Grove Karen l.Christopher Richard S.davidson Michael J.Taravella Naresh Mandava jennifer l.Patnaik department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIM:To investigate sex-based differences in the occurrence of intra-operative and post-operative complications and associated visual outcomes following cataract ***:This was a retrospective study of patients who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery at the University of Colorado School of *** collected included the patient’s health history,ocular comorbidities,operative and post-operative complications,and the post-operative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA).The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of some patients having two eyes included in the ***:A total of 11977 eyes from 7253 patients were included in the *** comorbidities differed by sex,with males having significantly higher percentages of traumatic cataracts(males 0.7%vs females 0.1%),prior ocular surgery(6.7%vs 5.5%),and mature cataracts(2.8%vs 1.9%).Conversely,females had significantly higher rates of pseudoexfoliation(2.0%vs 3.2%).In unadjusted analysis,males had higher rates of posterior capsular rupture(0.8%vs 0.4%)and vitreous loss(1.0%vs 0.6%),but this difference was not significant after adjustment for *** had a significantly increased risk of post-operative retinal detachment,but in multivariable analysis this was no longer *** were significantly less likely to undergo post-operative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification(OR=0.8,95%CI=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The BCVA was slightly worse for males pre-operatively;but post-operatively,both sexes exhibited similar visual acuity of Snellen equivalent 20/***:The study finds that in a cohort of patients presenting for cataract surgery,sex differences exist in pre-operative comorbidities and surgical characteristics that contribute to higher rates of some complications for ***,observed surgical complicatio

关键词： cataract surgery sex-based disparity phacoemulsification outcomes

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Elucidating regulatory processes of intense physical activity by multi-omics analysis

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Military Medical Research 2024年第4期11卷 479-499页

作者： Ernesto S.Nakayasu Marina A.Gritsenko Young-Mo Kim jennifer E.Kyle Kelly G.Stratton Carrie d.Nicora Nathalie Munoz Kathleen M.Navarro daniel Claborne Yuqian Gao Karl K.Weitz Vanessa l.Paurus Kent J.Bloodsworth Kelsey A.Allen lisa M.Bramer Fernando Montes Kathleen A.Clark Grant Tietje Justin Teeguarden Kristin E.Burnum-Johnson Biological Sciences division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Environmental and Molecular Sciences division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Centers for disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthWestern States DivisionDenverCO 80204USA Computational Analytics division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA National Security directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA los Angeles County Fire department Los AngelesCA 90063USA Centers for disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthRespiratory Health DivisionMorgantownWV 26505USA Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Background:Physiological and biochemical processes across tissues of the body are regulated in response to the high demands of intense physical activity in several occupations,such as firefighting,law enforcement,military,and sports.A better understanding of such processes can ultimately help improve human performance and prevent illnesses in the work ***:To study regulatory processes in intense physical activity simulating real-life conditions,we performed a multi-omics analysis of 3 biofluids(blood plasma,urine,and saliva)collected from 11 wildland firefighters before and after a 45 min,intense exercise *** profiles ***-exercise were compared by Student’s t-test followed by pathway analysis and comparison between the different omics ***:Our multi-omics analysis identified and quantified 3835 proteins,730 lipids and 182 metabolites combining the 3 different types of *** blood plasma analysis revealed signatures of tissue damage and acute repair response accompanied by enhanced carbon metabolism to meet energy *** urine analysis showed a strong,concomitant regulation of 6 out of 8 identified proteins from the renin-angiotensin system supporting increased excretion of catabolites,reabsorption of nutrients and maintenance of fluid *** saliva,we observed a decrease in 3 pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in 8 antimicrobial peptides.A systematic literature review identified 6 papers that support an altered susceptibility to respiratory ***:This study shows simultaneous regulatory signatures in biofluids indicative of homeostatic maintenance during intense physical activity with possible effects on increased infection susceptibility,suggesting that caution against respiratory diseases could benefit workers on highly physical demanding jobs.

关键词： Multi-omics analysis Intense exercise Human performance Biofluids Metabolism Immunity

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Agricultural Contamination of the Surface Waters of the Upper Ouémé in Benin: The Case of Heavy Metals and Pesticides

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 83-99页

作者： Armelle Sabine Yélignan Hounkpatin Nonvignon Martial Fassinou Fadéby Modeste Gouissi Zoulkanerou Orou Piami dossou Armel Géraldo Houndeton Souradjou Orou Goura Wakili Bolatito Yessoufou Tayéwo Sylvain Biaou laboratory of Hygiene Sanitation Toxicology and Environmental Health (HECOTES) The Training Centre Interfacultaire and Environmental Research for Sustainable Development (CIFRED) of the University of Abomey (UAC) Cotonou Benin Plurildisciplinary Research laboratory for Technical Education (lARPET) of the University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics of Abomey (UNSTIM) Lokossa Benin laboratoire d’Ecologie de Santé et de Productions Animales (LESPA) Faculté d’Agronomie (FA) Université de Parakou (UP) Parakou Bénin

Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the degree of contamination of surface waters by heavy metals and pesticides. Method: To this end, data were collected in december 2022 from four specific sampling stations: Okpara, Térou, Affon and Adjiro. levels of heavy metals, including cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, nickel and lead, were measured and subjected to in-depth statistical analysis using graphical summation models. In addition, the concentrations of pesticide active ingredients present in the samples were interpreted and evaluated. The statistical data collected during this study were processed using R software, version 3.5.0. Results: The values obtained at the different stations Okpara, Térou, Affon and Adjiro are respectively Arsenic (2 × 10-4 mg/l;2.2 × 10-1 mg/l;1.2 × 10-4 mg/l;2 × 10-4 mg/l), Cadmium (4.4 × 10-5 mg/l;1.1 × 10-2 mg/l;10-4 mg/l;4 × 10-4 mg/l). Then Copper (7 × 10-4 mg/l;3 × 10-3 mg/l;7 × 10-4 mg/l;1 × 10-4 mg/l), Iron (1.51 mg/l;6.4 × 10-1 mg/l;2.0012 mg/l;2.9 × 10-1 mg/l), lead (0 mg/l;0 mg/l;1.5 × 10-3 mg/l;1.5 × 10-3 mg/l). Mercury, nickel and chromium were not detected in surface waters. It is important to note that the values obtained for trace metals (Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Mercury, nickel and chromium were not detected in surface waters. It is important to note that the values obtained for trace metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, nickel and lead) were all below the guideline standards set by the WHO in 2006 for uncontaminated surface waters. This indicates that the surface waters of the Upper Ouémé were below acceptable contamination thresholds in terms of heavy metals. However, the presence of pesticide active ingredients such as cyfluthrin, endosulfan-alpha, endosulfan-beta, profenosfos, tihan, atrazine, g

关键词： Agricultural Contamination Heavy Metals Pesticides Surface Water North Benin

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Quetiapine augmentation of prolonged exposure therapy in veterans with PTSd and a history of mild traumatic brain injury: design and methodology of a pilot study

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Military Medical Research 2021年第1期8卷 121-131页

作者： Muhammad R.Baig Robert d.Beck jennifer l.Wilson jennifer A.lemmer Adeel Meraj Eric C.Meyer Jim Mintz Alan l.Peterson John d.Roache Mental Health South Texas Veterans Healthcare System116 A7400 Merton Minter BIvdSan AntonioTX 78229USA Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center South Texas Veterans Healthcare SystemSan AntonioTXUSA department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA department of Veterans Affairs VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans WacoTXUSA Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System WacoTXUSA department of Psychology and Neuroscience Baylor UniversityWacoTXUSA department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA department of Psychology University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioUSA department of Pharmacology University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA

Background: Selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) are first-line pharmacologic treatments for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSd), but must be given over extended period of time before the onset of action. The use of SSRIs in PTSd patients with mild traumatic brain injury(m TBI) is problematic since SSRIs could exacerbate post-concussion syndrome(PCS) symptoms. VA/dOd guidelines identify trauma-focused psychotherapy as the best evidence-based treatment for PTSd, but overall effectiveness is limited by reduced levels of patient engagement and retention. A previous study from this research group suggested that quetiapine monotherapy, but not risperidone or valproate, could increase engagement in trauma-focused ***: We report the study protocol of a pilot study funded under the South-Central Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center pilot study program from the U.S. department of Veterans Affairs. This randomized, open-label study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of completing a randomized trial of quetiapine vs. treatment as usual to promote patient engagement in PTSd patients with a history of m ***: We expect that the success of this ongoing study should provide us with the preliminary data necessary to design a full-scale randomized trial. Positive efficacy results in a full-scale trial should inform new VA guidelines for clinical practice by showing that quetiapine-related improvements in patient engagement and retention may be the most effective approach to assure that VA resources achieve the best possible outcome for *** registration: NCT04280965.

关键词： Quetiapine Trauma-focused psychotherapy Posttraumatic stress disorder Mild traumatic brain injury Veterans

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Advancements and challenges in treating advanced gastric cancer in the West

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world Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2019年第9期11卷 652-664页

作者： jennifer l leiting Travis E Grotz division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery Mayo Clinic

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer incidence and death *** with advanced gastric cancer benefit from a multi-modality treatment *** oncologic resection with negative margins and complete lymphadenectomy plays a crucial role in long-term survival for patients with resectable *** utilization of minimally invasive techniques for gastric cancer has been slowly increasing and is proving to be both technically and oncologically *** chemotherapy is the current standard of care for advanced gastric cancer.A variety of chemotherapy regimens have been used with the combination of docetaxel,oxaliplatin,5-fluorouracil,and leucovorin being the current recommendation given its superior ability to induce a complete pathologic response and prolong *** use of radiation has been more controversial with its optimal place in the treatment sequence being *** are current ongoing studies assessing the impact of radiation as an adjunct or in place of *** treatments(e.g.,trastuzumab for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive tumors and pembrolizumab for programmed death-ligand 1 positive tumors)are showing promise and are part of a continued emphasis on individualized *** chemotherapy may also play a role in preventing peritoneal recurrences for patients with high risk *** treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer in the West continues to advance and improve with a better understanding of optimal treatment sequences and the utilization of personalized treatment regimens.

关键词： Gastric cancer d2 lymphadenectomy Minimally invasive surgery Neoadjuvant chemotherapy Chemoradiation Targeted treatments

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Subcutaneous fatty acid composition of steers finished as weanlings or yearlings with and without growth promotants

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第1期5卷 98-105页

作者： Cletos Mapiye Tyler d Turner John A Basarab Vern S Baron jennifer l Aalhus Michael ER dugan Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research Centre 6000 C & E Trail Lacombe Alberta T4L 1 W1 Canada Alberta Agriculture and Rural development Lacombe Research Centre 6000 C & E Trail Lacombe Alberta T4L 1 W1 Canada

Background： The current study evaluated the subcutaneous fatty acid （FA） composition of calf- and yearling-fed steer with or without growth promoting implants. Crossbred steers （n = 112; 267 ± 5.0 kg） of the same contemporary group were allocated to one of four production system and implant strategy based treatments in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Results： There were no interactions （P 〉 0.05） between production systems and growth promoting implants for the total and individual subcutaneous FA. Yearling as opposed to calf finishing reduced （P 〈 0.05） subcutaneous proportions of C20：3n-6, trans （t）l 2-18：1, C14：0, several minor cis-monounsaturated FA （c-MUFA; c9-14：1, c11-16：1, cl 1-18：1, cl 2-18：1, cl 3-18：1, c9-20：1 and cl 1-20：1）, and increased （P 〈 0.05） subcutaneous proportions of tl 1 cl 5-18：2, total and individual branched-chain FA. Subcutaneous fat from steers implanted with growth promotants had higher （P 〈 0.05） proportions of total polyunsaturated FA （PUFA）, total n-6 PUFA, C18：2n-6 and individual t-18：1 isomers （t6 to tl0） compared to non-implanted steers. Conclusions： Overall, current findings show that production systems and growth promotants led to only minor differences in subcutaneous FA composition of beef steers.

关键词： Age at feedlot entry Beef Fatty acids Growth implant Steers

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Fortification of pork loins with docosahexaenoic acid(dHA) and its effect on flavour

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第1期5卷 106-113页

作者： William J Meadus Tyler d Turner Michael ER dugan jennifer l Aalhus Pascale duff david Rolland Bethany Uttaro lorna l Gibson Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research Centre 6000 C&E TrailLacombe T4L 1 W1AB Canada

Pork is traditionally low in docosahexanoic acid （dHA, C22：6n-3） and deficient in omega-3 fats for a balanced human diet. dHA as triglycerides was commercially prepared from the microalgae Schizochytfium and injected into fresh pork loins. Treatments of a mixed brine control （CON）, 3.1% sunflower oil in mixed brine （SF） and a 3.1% dHA oil in mixed brine （dHA） were injected into pork loins at 10 ml/100 g and grilled at 205℃. After cooking, the CON and SF pork loins contained 0.03 to 0.05 mg dHA/g of pork and the dHA injected loins contained approximately 1.46 mg dHA/g. This also changed the fatty acid profile of omega-6：omega-3 from, 5 to 1 in the CON pork, to a ratio of 1.7 to 1 in dHA pork. The appearance, odor, oxidation rates and sensory taste, as judged by a trained panel, determined the dHA injected meat to be, ＇slightly desirable＇ and gave lower ＇off flavour＇ scores, relative to the CON and SF injected pork. Pork can be fortified with dHA oil to 146 mg/100 g serving, which would meet half the recommended daily omega 3 fatty acid requirements for adult humans and would be desirable in taste.

关键词： docosahexaenoic acid Injection marinade Pork Sensory characteristics

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Knowledge of radiation exposure associated with common trauma imaging modalities among orthopaedic surgeons,emergency medicine physicians,and general surgeons in the United States

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world Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第4期14卷 294-301页

作者： Fady Y.Hijji Andrew d.Schneider Matthew d.Thomas Joseph G.lyons daniel d.Bohl jennifer l.Jerele Michael J.Prayson department of Orthopaedic Surgery Wright State University Boonshoft School of MedicineDayton OH 45409USA department of Orthopaedic Surgery Rush University Medical CenterChicago IL 60612USA

BACKGROUNd:Few contemporary studies have assessed physicians’knowledge of radiation exposure associated with common imaging studies,especially in trauma *** purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of physicians involved in caring for trauma patients regarding the effective radiation doses of musculoskeletal(MSK)imaging studies routinely utilized in the trauma ***:An electronic survey was distributed to United States orthopaedic surgery,general surgery,and emergency medicine(EM)residency *** were asked to estimate the radiation dose for common imaging modalities of the pelvis,lumbar spine,and lower extremity,in terms of chest X-ray(CXR)*** estimates were compared to the true effective radiation ***,participants were asked to report the frequency of discussing radiation risk with ***:A total of 218 physicians completed the survey;102(46.8%)were EM physicians,88(40.4%)wereorthopaedicsurgeons,and28(12.8%)*** underestimated the effective radiation doses of nearly all imaging modalities,most notably for pelvic computed tomaography(CT)(median 50 CXR estimation vs.162 CXR actual)and lumbar CT(median 50 CXR estimation vs.638 CXR actual).There was no difference between physician specialties regarding estimation accuracy(P=0.133).Physicians who regularly discussed radiation risks with patients more accurately estimated radiation exposure(P=0.007).CONClUSION:The knowledge among orthopaedic and general surgeons and EM physicians regarding the radiation exposure associated with common MSK trauma imaging is *** investigation with larger scale studies is warranted,and additional education in this area may improve care.

关键词： Radiation dosage Radiation exposure Radiation protection X-ray Emergency department

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Improving beef hamburger quality and fatty acid profiles through dietary manipulation and exploitation of fat depot heterogeneity

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第1期6卷 111-121页

作者： Cletos Mapiye jennifer l Aalhus Payam Vahmani david C Rolland Timothy A McAllister Hushton C Block Bethany Uttaro Spencer d Proctor Michael E R dugan Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research Centre6000 C and E TrailLacombeAlberta T4L 1 W1Canada department of Animal Sciences Faculty of AgriSciencesStellenbosch UniversityP.Bag X1Matieland 7602 South Africa Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research Centre1st Avenue South 5403PO Box 3000LethbridgeAlberta T1J 4B1 Canada Metabolic and Cardiovascular diseases laboratory Diabetes and Mazankowski InstitutesLi Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation University of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2E1Canada

Background： Hamburger is the most consumed beef product in North America, but lacks in nutritional appeal due to its high fat content and high proportion of saturated fatty acids （SFA）. Objectives of the present study were to improve the FA profiles of hamburgers made with perirenal fat （PRF） and subcutaneous fat （SCF） when feeding steers different diets along with examining differences in sensory attributes and oxidative stability. diets included a control diet containing 70：30 red clover silage： barley based concentrate, a diet containing sunflower-seed （SS） substituted for barley, and diets containing SS with 15% wheat dried distillers＇ grain with solubles （ddGS-15） or 30% ddGS （ddGS-30）. Hamburgers were made from triceps brachii and either PRF or SCF （80：20 w/w）. Results： Perirenal fat versus SCF hamburgers FA had 14.3% more （P 〈0.05） 18：0, 11.8% less cis （c）9-18：1 （P 〈0.05）, and 1.82% more total trdns （t）-18：1 mainly in the form of tl 1-18：1. during sensory evaluation, PRF versus SCF hamburgers had greater （P 〈0.05） mouth coating, but the difference was less than one panel unit. Examining effects of steer diet within PRF hamburgers, feeding the SS compared to the control diet increased （P 〈0.05） t-18：1 by 2.89% mainly in the form of tl 1-18：1, feeding dGGS-15 diet led to no further changes （P 〉0.05）, but feeding ddGS-30 diet reduced the proportions of （P 〈0.05） of t-18：1 chiefly tl 1-18：1. Feeding SS and ddGS diets had small but significant （P 〈0.05） effects on hamburger sensory attributes and oxidative stability. Conclusions： Feeding high-forage diets including SS and 15% ddGS, and taking advantage of the FA heterogeneity between fat depots offers an opportunity to differentially enhance beef hamburgers with 18：2n-6 biohydrogenation products （le., t11-18：1） with potential human health benefits without compromising their sensory attributes and oxidative stability during retail display.

关键词： Beef ddGS Fat depot Fatty acids Sensory attributes Oxidative stability

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Pasture-finishing of bison improves animal metabolic health and potential health-promoting compounds in meat

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第4期14卷 1759-1776页

作者： Stephan van Vliet Amanda d.Blair lydia M.Hite jennifer Cloward Robert E.Ward Carter Kruse Herman A.van Wietmarchsen Nick van Eekeren Scott l.Kronberg Frederick d.Provenza Center for Human Nutrition Studies Department of NutritionDieteticsand Food SciencesCollege of Agriculture and Applied SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUT 84322USA department of Wildland Resources Utah State UniversityLoganUT 84332USA department of Animal Science South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57707USA Turner Institute of Ecoagriculture BozemanMT 59718USA louis Bolk Institute Bunnik 3981AJthe Netherlands Northern Great Plains Research laboratory USDA-Agricultural Research ServiceMandanND 58554USA

Background With rising concerns regarding the effects of red meat on human and environmental health,a growing number of livestock producers are exploring ways to improve production systems.A promising avenue includes agro-ecological practices such as rotational grazing of locally adapted ***,growing consumer interest in pasture-finished meat(i.e.,grass-fed)has raised questions about its nutritional ***,the goal of this study was to determine the impact of two common finishing systems in North American bison—pasture-finished or pen-finished on concentrates for 146 d—on metabolomic,lipidomic,and fatty acid profiles of striploins(*** lumborum).Results Six hundred and seventy-one(671)out of 1570 profiled compounds(43%)differed between pasture-and penfinished conditions(n=20 animals per group)(all,Plative to pasture-finished animals,the muscle of pen-finished animals displayed elevated glucose metabolites(~1.6-fold),triglycerides(~2-fold),markers of oxidative stress(~1.5-fold),and proteolysis(~1.2-fold).In contrast,pasture-finished animals displayed improved mitochondrial(~1.3-fold higher levels of various Krebs cycle metabolites)and carnitine metabolism(~3-fold higher levels of long-chain acyl carnitines)(all Plso concentrated higher levels of phenolics(~2.3-fold),alpha-tocopherol(~5.8-fold),carotene(~2.0-fold),and very long-chain fatty acids(~1.3-fold)in their meat,while having lower levels of a common advanced lipoxidation(4-hydroxy-nonenal-glutathione;~2-fold)and glycation end-product(N6-carboxymethyllysine;~1.7-fold)(all Pd C,gamma/beta-tocopherol,and three phenolics commonly found in alfalfa were~2.5-fold higher in pen-finished animals(all Pding,or grazing plants rich in those compounds,may be *** Pasture-finishing(i.e.,grass-fed)broadly improves bison metabolic health and accumulates additional po

关键词： Bison Grass-fed Meat Nutrition Omega-3 fats Pasture-raised Phytochemicals

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