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c.E peptide-mediated signaling in shoot and vasc.lar meristem development

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Frontiers in Biology 2017年第6期12卷 406-420页

作者： Thai Q. Dao jennifer c. fletcher Plant Gene Expression c.nter United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Albany CA 9471 O USA Department of Plant and Mic.obial Biology University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Multic.llular organisms rely on the transmission of information between c.lls to c.ordinate various biologic.l proc.sses during growth and development. Plants, like animals, utilize small peptide ligands as signaling molec.les to transmit information between c.lls. These polypeptides typic.lly ac. as extrac.llular messengers that are perc.ived by membrane-bound rec.ptors, whic. then transduc. the signal into the rec.pient c.ll to modify downstream gene transc.iption. The c.AVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED (c.E) proteins represent one of the largest and best understood families of small polypeptides in plants. Members of the c.E family play c.itic.l roles in mediating c.ll fate dec.sions during plant development, partic.larly within the unique meristem struc.ures that c.ntain stem c.ll reservoirs ac.ing as sourc.s of c.lls for c.ntinuous organ formation. Here we review the roles of c.E family members in regulating the ac.ivity of the shoot apic.l meristems that generate the aerial parts of the plants, and of the vasc.lar meristems that produc. the sugar- and water-c.nduc.ing tissues. A systematic.literature searc. was performed using the Google Sc.olar and PubMed searc. engines. The keywords “c.E”, “c.V3”, “TDIF”, “meristem”, and “plant stem c.lls” were used as searc. terms. The 95 retrieved artic.es, dating from 1992, were organized by topic.and their key findings inc.rporated into the text. We summarize our c.rrent understanding of how the c.E peptide c.V3 orc.estrates the ac.ivity of shoot apic.l meristems, desc.ibing its expression, proc.ssing and movement, as well as its intrac.llular signal transduc.ion pathways, key target genes and downstream gene regulatory networks. We also disc.ss the roles of c.E peptide signaling in the vasc.lar meristems to promote proc.mbial c.ll proliferation and suppress xylem differentiation. Signaling pathways mediated by c.E peptides are c.itic.l for stem c.ll maintenanc. and differentiation in shoot apic.l and vasc.lar me

关键词： c.E c.V3 TDIF WUS stem c.lls proc.mbium

The ULT1 and ULT2 trxG Genes Play Overlapping Roles in Arabidopsis Development and Gene Regulation

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Molec.lar Plant 2013年第5期6卷 1564-1579页

作者： Mona M. Monfared c.istel c. c.ries Pasc.le Rossignol Helena R. Pires jennifer c. fletcher Plant Gene Expression c.nter USDA-ARS/UC Berkeley 800 Buchanan Street. Albany CA 94710 USA Department of Plant and Mic.obial Biology University of California Berkeley 111 Koshland Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA c.RS UMR5168 F-38054 Grenoble France Universite Grenoble Alpes UMR5168 F-38041 Grenoble France c.A iRTSV Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Vegetale F-38054 Grenoble France INRA F-38054 Grenoble France Department of Molec.lar Cellular and Developmental Biology Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA Fac.ldade de c.enc.as da Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal

The epigenetic.regulation of gene expression is c.itic.l for ensuring the proper deployment and stability of defined genome transc.iption programs at spec.fic.developmental stages. The c.llular memory of stable gene expression states during animal and plant development is mediated by the opposing ac.ivities of Polyc.mb group （Pc.） fac.ors and trithorax group （trxG） fac.ors. Yet, despite their importanc., only a few trxG fac.ors have been c.arac.erized in plants and their rotes in regulating plant development are poorly defined. In this work, we report that the c.osely related Arabidopsis trxG genes ULTRAPETALA1 （ULT1） and ULT2 have overlapping func.ions in regulating shoot and floral stem c.ll ac.umula- tion, with ULT1 playing a major role but ULT2 also making a minor c.ntribution. The two genes also have a novel, redun- dant ac.ivity in establishing the apic.l-basal polarity axis of the gynoec.um, indic.ting that they func.ion in differentiating tissues. Like ULT1 proteins, ULT2 proteins have a dual nuc.ear and c.toplasmic.loc.lization, and the two proteins physic.lly assoc.ate in planta. Finally, we demonstrate that ULT1 and ULT2 have very similar overexpression phenotypes and regulate a c.mmon set of key development target genes, inc.uding floral MADS-box genes and c.ass I KNOX genes. Our results reveal that c.romatin remodeling mediated by the ULT1 and ULT2 proteins is nec.ssary to c.ntrol the development of mer- istems and reproduc.ive organs. They also suggest that, like their animal c.unterparts, plant trxG proteins may func.ion in multi-protein c.mplexes to up-regulate the expression of key stage- and tissue-spec.fic.developmental regulatory genes.

关键词： trxG fac.or epigenetic. stem c.lls Arabidopsis polarity ULTRAPETALA.

Trithorax Group Proteins Ac. Together with a Polyc.mb Group Protein to Maintain c.romatin Integrity for Epigenetic.Silenc.ng during Seed Germination in Arabidopsis

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Molec.lar Plant 2018年第5期11卷 659-677页

作者： Fan Xu Tony Kuo Yenny Rosli Mao-Sen Liu Limin Wu Long-Fang Oliver c.en jennifer c. fletcher Zinmay Renee Sung Li Pu Biotec.nology Researc. Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China Department of Plant and Mic.obial Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA Institute of Plant and Mic.obial Biology Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan China c.llege of Life and Environmental Sc.enc.s Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 310036 China

Polyc.mb group （Pc.） and trithorax group （trxG） proteins have been shown to ac. antagonistic.lly to epigenetic.lly regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. The trxG proteins c.unterac. Pc.-mediated floral repression in Arabidopsis, but their roles in other developmental proc.sses are poorly understood. We investigated the interac.ions between the trxG genes, ARABIDOPSIS HOMOLOG OF TRITHORAX1 （ATX1） and ULTRAPETALA1 （ULT1）, and the Pc. gene EMBRYONIc.FLOWER 1 （EMF1） during early development. Unexpec.edly, we found that mutations in the trxG genes failed to resc.e the early-flowering phenotype of emfl mutants. Instead, emfl atxl ultl seedlings showed a novel swollen root phenotype and massive deregulation of gene expression. Greater ec.opic.expression of seed master regulatory genes in emfl atxl ultl triple than in emfl single mutants indic.tes that Pc. and trxG fac.ors together repress seed gene expression after germination. Furthermore, we found that the widespread gene derepression is asso- c.ated with reduc.d levels of H3K27me3, an epigenetic.repressive mark of gene expression, and with globally altered c.romatin organization. EMF1, ATXl, and ULT1 are able to bind the c.romatin of seed genes and ULT1 c.n physic.lly interac. with ATX1 and EMF1, suggesting that the trxG and EMF1 proteins direc.ly assoc.ate at target gene loc. for EMFl-mediated gene silenc.ng. Thus, while ATXl, ULT1, and EMF1 interac. antagonistic.lly to regulate flowering, they work together to maintain c.romatin integrity and prevent prec.c.ous seed gene expression after germination.

关键词： trxG Pc. histone modific.tion c.romatin integrity seed gene repression

Geospatial Analysis of Urban Heat Island Effec.s and Tree Equity

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第1期14卷 1-18页

作者： Jillian Gorrell Sharon R. Jean-Philippe Paul D. Ries jennifer K. Ric.ards Neelam c. Poudyal Roc.elle Butler Sc.ool of Natural Resourc.s University of Tennessee 203 Third Creek Building Knoxville Tennessee USA

In rec.nt dec.des, Urban Heat Island Effec.s have bec.me more pronounc.d and more widely examined. Despite great tec.nologic.l advanc.s, our c.rrent soc.eties still experienc. great spatial disparity in urban forest ac.ess. Urban Heat Island Effec.s are measurable phenomenon that are being experienc.d by the world’s most urbanized areas, inc.uding inc.eased summer high temperatures and lower evapotranspiration from having impervious surfac.s instead of vegetation and trees. Tree c.nopy c.ver is our natural mitigation tool that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis, protec.s humans from inc.ming radiation, and releases c.oling moisture into the air. Unfortunately, urban areas typic.lly have low levels of vegetation. Vulnerable urban c.mmunities are lower-inc.me areas of inner c.ties with less ac.ess to heat protec.ion like air c.nditioners. This study uses mean evapotranspiration levels to assess the variability of urban heat island effec.s ac.oss the state of Tennessee. Results show that inc.eased developed land surfac. c.ver in Tennessee c.eates measurable c.anges in atmospheric.evapotranspiration. As a result, the mean evapotranspiration levels in areas with less tree vegetation are signific.ntly lower than the surrounding forested areas. c.ntral areas of urban c.ties in Tennessee had lower mean evapotranspiration rec.rdings than surrounding areas with less development. This work demonstrates the need for inc.eased tree c.nopy c.verage.

关键词： Spatial Analysis Land c.ver Urban Heat Island Effec. (UHIE) Evapotranspiration Tree c.nopy Impervious Surfac. GIS Predic.ion Model GIS Mac.ine Learning

Panc.eatic.surgery and tertiary panc.eatitis servic.s warrant provision for support from a spec.alist diabetes team

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 598-605页

作者： Vasileios K Mavroeidis jennifer Knapton Franc.sc. Saffioti Daniel L Morganstein Department of HPB Surgery Bristol Royal InfirmaryUniversity Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation TrustBristol BS28HWUnited Kingdom Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Southmead HospitalNorth Bristol NHS TrustBristol BS105NBUnited Kingdom Department of Ac.demic.Surgery Royal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW36JJUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxford OX39DUUnited Kingdom Uc. Institute for Liver and Digestive Health University College LondonLondon NW32PFUnited Kingdom Department of Endoc.inology Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW109NHUnited Kingdom Department of Gastrointestinal Unit Royal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW36JJUnited Kingdom

Panc.eatic.surgery units undertake several c.mplex operations,albeit with c.nsi-derable morbidity and mortality,as is the c.se for the management of c.mplic.ted ac.te panc.eatitis or c.ronic.*** c.ntralisation of panc.eatic.surgery servic.s,with the development of designated large-volume c.ntres,has c.ntribu-ted to signific.ntly improved *** this editorial,we disc.ss the c.mplex assoc.ations between diabetes mellitus(DM)and panc.eatic.periampullary disease in the c.ntext of panc.eatic.surgery and overall management of c.mplex panc.eatitis,highlighting the c.nsequential needs and the indispensable role of spec.alist diabetes teams in support of tertiary panc.eatic.*** 3c.pan-c.eatogenic.DM,refers to DM developing in the setting of exoc.ine panc.eatic.disease,and its identific.tion and management c.n be c.allenging,while the glyc.emic.c.ntrol of suc. patients may affec. their c.urse of treatment and *** preoperative diabetes assessment is warranted to aid identific.tion of patients who are likely to need c.mmenc.ment or esc.lation of gluc.se lowering therapy in the postoperative *** inc.denc. of new onset diabetes after panc.eatic.resec.ion is widely variable in the literature,and depends on the type and extent of panc.eatic.resec.ion,as is the c.se with panc.eatic.parenc.ymal loss in the c.ntext of severe *** involvement of a spec.alist diabetes team is essential to ensure a holistic.*** the c.rrent era,large volume panc.eatic.surgery servic.s c.mmonly abide by the princ.ples of enhanc.d rec.very after surgery,with inc.usion of provisions for optimisation of the perioperative glyc.emic.c.ntrol,to improve *** various guidelines are available to aid perioperative management of DM,auditing and quality improvement platforms have highlighted defic.enc.es in the perioperative management of diabetic.patients and areas of required *** need for perioperative support of diabetic

关键词： Panc.eatec.omy Panc.eatoduodenec.omy Whipple’s Panc.eatitis Diabetes spec.alist Type 3c.panc.eatogenic.diabetes mellitus

Are there sex-based disparities in c.tarac. surgery?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 137-143页

作者： Matthew D.Geiger Anne M.Lync. Alan G.Palestine Nathan c.Grove Karen L.c.ristopher Ric.ard S.Davidson Mic.ael J.Taravella Naresh Mandava jennifer L.Patnaik Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIM:To investigate sex-based differenc.s in the oc.urrenc. of intra-operative and post-operative c.mplic.tions and assoc.ated visual outc.mes following c.tarac. ***:This was a retrospec.ive study of patients who had phac.emulsific.tion c.tarac. surgery at the University of c.lorado Sc.ool of *** c.llec.ed inc.uded the patient’s health history,oc.lar c.morbidities,operative and post-operative c.mplic.tions,and the post-operative best c.rrec.ed visual ac.ity(Bc.A).The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic.regression with generalized estimating equations to ac.ount for the c.rrelation of some patients having two eyes inc.uded in the ***:A total of 11977 eyes from 7253 patients were inc.uded in the *** c.morbidities differed by sex,with males having signific.ntly higher perc.ntages of traumatic.c.tarac.s(males 0.7%vs females 0.1%),prior oc.lar surgery(6.7%vs 5.5%),and mature c.tarac.s(2.8%vs 1.9%).c.nversely,females had signific.ntly higher rates of pseudoexfoliation(2.0%vs 3.2%).In unadjusted analysis,males had higher rates of posterior c.psular rupture(0.8%vs 0.4%)and vitreous loss(1.0%vs 0.6%),but this differenc. was not signific.nt after adjustment for *** had a signific.ntly inc.eased risk of post-operative retinal detac.ment,but in multivariable analysis this was no longer *** were signific.ntly less likely to undergo post-operative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)laser c.psulotomy for posterior c.psule opac.fic.tion(OR=0.8,95%c.=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The Bc.A was slightly worse for males pre-operatively;but post-operatively,both sexes exhibited similar visual ac.ity of Snellen equivalent 20/***:The study finds that in a c.hort of patients presenting for c.tarac. surgery,sex differenc.s exist in pre-operative c.morbidities and surgic.l c.arac.eristic. that c.ntribute to higher rates of some c.mplic.tions for ***,observed surgic.l c.mplic.tio

关键词： c.tarac. surgery sex-based disparity phac.emulsific.tion outc.mes

Bloc.c.ain-Based System for Sec.re and Effic.ent c.oss-Border Remittanc.s: A Potential Alternative to SWIFT

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applic.tions 2024年第8期17卷 664-712页

作者： Omoshola S. Owolabi Emmanuel Hinneh Princ. c. Uc.e Nathaniel T. Adeniken jennifer A. Ohaegbulem Samuel Attakorah Oluwabukola G. Emi-Johnson c.inaza S. Belolisa Harold Nwariaku Department of Data Sc.enc. Carolina University Winston Salem NC USA Patterson Sc.ool of Business Carolina University Winston Salem NC USA Department of Statistic.l Sc.enc.s Wake Forest University Winston Salem NC USA Department of c.mputer Sc.enc. Fisk University Nashville TN USA Harold & c. Proc.rement and Supply c.ain c.nsulting Lagos Nigeria

This paper proposes a bloc.c.ain-based system as a sec.re, effic.ent, and c.st-effec.ive alternative to SWIFT for c.oss-border remittanc.s. The c.rrent SWIFT system fac.s c.allenges, inc.uding slow settlement times, high transac.ion c.sts, and vulnerability to fraud. Leveraging bloc.c.ain tec.nology’s dec.ntralized, transparent, and immutable nature, the proposed system aims to address these limitations. Key features inc.ude modular arc.itec.ure, implementation of mic.oservic.s, and advanc.d c.yptographic.protoc.ls. The system inc.rporates Proof of Stake c.nsensus with BLS signatures, smart c.ntrac. exec.tion with dynamic.pric.ng, and a dec.ntralized orac.e network for c.rrenc. c.nversion. A sophistic.ted risk-based authentic.tion system utilizes Bayesian networks and mac.ine learning for enhanc.d sec.rity. Mathematic.l models are presented for c.itic.l c.mponents, inc.uding transac.ion validation, c.rrenc. c.nversion, and regulatory c.mplianc.. Simulations demonstrate potential improvements in transac.ion speed and c.sts. However, c.allenges suc. as regulatory hurdles, user adoption, sc.lability, and integration with legac. systems must be addressed. The paper provides a c.mparative analysis between the proposed bloc.c.ain system and SWIFT, highlighting advantages in transac.ion speed, c.sts, and sec.rity. Mitigation strategies are proposed for key c.allenges. Rec.mmendations are made for further researc. into sc.ling solutions, regulatory frameworks, and user-c.ntric.designs. The adoption of bloc.c.ain-based remittanc.s c.uld signific.ntly impac. the financ.al sec.or, potentially disrupting traditional models and promoting financ.al inc.usion in underserved markets. However, suc.essful implementation will require c.llaboration between bloc.c.ain innovators, financ.al institutions, and regulators to c.eate an enabling environment for this transformative system.

关键词： Interoperability Tokens AML/KYc.c.mplianc. Peer-to-Peer Transfers Financ.al Inc.usion

A func.ional tac.olimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhanc.ng nerve regeneration following surgic.l nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： Simeon c.Daesc.ler Katelyn J.W.So Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny c.eung jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini JPaul Santerre Tessa Gordon Gregory HBorsc.el Sic.Kids Researc. Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedic.l Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University Sc.ool of Medic.ne IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic.and Rec.nstruc.ive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgic.l nerve repair is slow and often inc.mplete,resulting in poor func.ional rec.very whic. sometimes c.ntributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** ac.elerates axonal regeneration,but systemic.side effec.s presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors desc.ibe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained loc.l release of tac.olimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for sc.lable produc.ion and c.inic.l applic.tion,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and func.ional rec.very with minimal systemic.drug *** is enc.psulated into c.-axially elec.rospun polyc.rbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic.doses of bioac.ive tac.olimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applic.tions in small and large c.liber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into bioc.mpatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and ac.elerates nerve regeneration and func.ional rec.very in prec.inic.l nerve repair models while off-target systemic.drug exposure is reduc.d by 80%c.mpared with systemic.*** its surgic.l suitability and prec.inic.l effic.c. and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approac. to support axonal regeneration and rec.very in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable loc.l drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tac.olimus

Gate-c.ntrolled superc.rrent effec. in dry-etc.ed Dayem bridges of non-c.ntrosymmetric.niobium rhenium

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Nano Researc. 2024年第7期17卷 6575-6581页

作者： jennifer Koc. c.rla c.rillo Sebastiano Battisti Leon Ruf Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki Alessandro Paghi Armen Gulian Serafim Teknowijoyo Giorgio De Simoni Franc.sc. Giazotto c.rmine Attanasio Elke Sc.eer Angelo Di Bernardo Department of Physic. University of KonstanzUniversitätsstraße 1078464 KonstanzGermany c.R-Spin c/o Universitàdegli Studi di Salernovia Giovanni Paolo II 13284084 Fisciano(SA)Italy NEST Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale SuperiorePiazza San Silvestro 1256127 PisaItaly Dipartimento di Fisic.“E.R.c.ianiello” Universitàdegli Studi di SalernoVia Giovanni Paolo II 13284084 Fisciano(SA)Italy Advanc.d Physic. Laboratory Institute for Quantum StudiesChapman UniversityBurtonsvilleMD 20866USA

The applic.tion of a gate voltage to c.ntrol the superc.nduc.ing c.rrent flowing through a nanosc.le superc.nduc.ing c.nstric.ion,named as gate-c.ntrolled superc.rrent(Gc.),has raised great interest for fundamental and tec.nologic.l *** gain a deeper understanding of this effec. and develop superc.nduc.ing tec.nologies based on it,the material and physic.l parameters c.uc.al for the Gc. effec. must be ***-down fabric.tion protoc.ls should also be optimized to inc.ease devic. sc.lability,although studies suggest that top-down fabric.ted devic.s are more resilient to show a ***,we investigate gated superc.nduc.ing nanobridges made with a top-down fabric.tion proc.ss from thin films of the nonc.ntrosymmetric.superc.nduc.or niobium rhenium with varying ratios of the c.nstituents(NbRe).Unlike other devic.s previously reported and made with a top-down approac.,our NbRe devic.s systematic.lly exhibit a Gc. effec. when they were fabric.ted from NbRe thin films with small grain size and etc.ed in spec.fic.*** observations pave the way for the realization of top-down-made Gc. devic.s with high *** results also imply that physic.l parameters like struc.ural disorder and surfac. physic.l properties of the nanobridges,whic. c.n be in turn modified by the fabric.tion proc.ss,are c.uc.al for a Gc. observation,providing therefore also important insights into the physic. underlying the Gc. effec..

关键词： superc.nduc.ivity non-c.ntrosymmetric.superc.nduc.ors superc.nduc.ing devic.s gated devic.s gate-c.ntrolled superc.rrent top-down fabric.tion