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Detection of respiratory viruses and bacteria in children using a twenty-two target reverse-transcription real-time PCR(RT-qPCR)panel

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世界儿科杂志:英文版 2016年第2期12卷 183-189页

作者： Chelsey Ellis Amita Misir Charles Hui Mona Jabbour Nicholas Barrowman JonathanLangill jennifer bowes Robert Slinger University of Ottawa Children's Hospital of Eastern OntarioChildren's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaONCanada

Background:Rapid detection of the wide range of viruses and bacteria that cause respiratory infection in children is important for patient care and antibiotic *** therefore designed and evaluated a readyto-use 22 target respiratory infection reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)panel to determine if this would improve detection of these agents at our pediatric ***:RT-qPCR assays for twenty-two target organisms were dried-down in individual wells of 96 well plates and saved at room *** included 18 respiratory viruses and 4 *** automated nucleic acid extraction of nasopharyngeal aspirate(NPA)samples,rapid qPCR was ***-qPCR results were compared with those obtained by the testing methods used at our hospital ***:One hundred fi fty-nine pediatric NPA samples were tested with the RT-qPCR *** or more respiratory pathogens were detected in 132/159(83%)*** was significantly higher than the detection rate of standard methods(94/159,59%)(P<0.001).This difference was mainly due to improved RT-qPCR detection of rhinoviruses,parainfl uenza viruses,bocavirus,and *** panel internal control assay performance remained stable at room temperature storage over a two-month testing ***:The RT-qPCR panel was able to identify pathogens in a high proportion of respiratory *** panel detected more positive specimens than the methods in use at our *** pre-made panel format was easy to use and rapid,with results available in approximately 90 *** now plan to determine if use of this panel improves patient care and antibiotic stewardship.

关键词： bacterial infections pediatric polymerase chain reaction respiratory infectious diseases viral infections

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Neural correlates of focused attention in cognitively normal older adults

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2011年第2期1卷 19-27页

作者： jennifer R. bowes Patrick Stroman Angeles Garcia 不详

Focused attention (FA) is among the cognitive functions that decline with aging. The Stroop task was used to investigate the neural correlates underlying FA in cognitively normal older adults. Twenty-one participants underwent a novel functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) verbal Stroop task paradigm. Colour words were printed in an incongruent ink colour. Series 1 consisted of four blocks “Read the word” followed by four blocks “Say the colour of the ink”;Series 2 alternated between the two conditions. Functional data were analyzed using SPM5 to detect anatomical areas with significant signal intensity differences between the conditions. Within-group analyses of the “Say the colour of the ink” minus “Read the word” contrast yielded significant activation in the left supplementary motor area, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral precentral gyrus, left insula and right superior frontal gyrus (p < 0.05, uncorrected). These results, using verbal responses, are consistent with previous manual modality Stroop-fMRI studies in older adults. Verbal responses may provide a more suitable modality for older adults and certain patient populations.

关键词： Fmri Focused Attention Stroop

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Neural correlates of focused attention in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2012年第4期2卷 223-230页

作者： jennifer R. bowes Patrick Stroman Angeles Garcia Centre for Neuroscience Studies Queen’s University Kingston Ontario Canada

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is characterized by an early and significant memory impairment, and progresses to affect other cognitive domains. Impairments in Focused Attention (FA) have been observed in patients diagnosed with mild AD. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Stroop paradigm with verbal responses was used to investigate the neural correlates of FA in AD patients. Twenty-one patients diagnosed with mild AD performed a verbal Stroop—fMRI paradigm. Colour words were printed in an incongruent ink colour. Series 1 consisted of four blocks “Read the word” followed by four blocks “Say the colour of the ink”;Series 2 alternated between the two conditions. Functional data were analyzed using SPM5 to detect anatomical areas with significant signal intensity differences between the conditions. Within-group analyses of the colour minus word contrast yielded significant activation in the following left hemisphere regions: precentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, fusiform gyrus and supplementary motor area (p < 0.05, uncorrected). Relative to cognitively normal older adults who underwent the same experimental task, Stroop performance was significantly worse in AD patients. The fMRI task yielded similar activated brain regions between the two groups. The use of verbal responses in this novel fMRI Stroop task avoids the confusion and memorizing of button locations seen with the manual response modality, allowing the neural correlates of FA to be investigated in AD patients.

关键词： fMRI Focused Attention Stroop Alzheimer’s Disease

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Comparison of pediatric ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections arising in antibiotic-impregnated and standard catheters:a multicenter observational study

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第3期6卷 196-199页

作者： Joan Robinson Archana Balamohan Michelle Barton Marie-Astrid Lefebvre Ahmed Almadani Dolores Freire Alastair McAlpine Jocelyn Srigley Patrick Passarelli John Bradley Dele Davies Gwenn Skar Isabelle Viel-Theriault Sarah Khan Rupeena Purewal Nicole LeSaux jennifer bowes Michael Hawkes 无 Department of Pediatrics University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little RockArkansasUSA Arkansas Children's Hospital Little RockArkansasUSA Western University LondonOntarioCanada McGill University Faculty of Medicine MontrealQuebecCanada Umm Al-Qura University MakkahSaudi Arabia University of Alberta EdmontonAlbertaCanada The University of British Columbia VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada Pediatrics Rady Children's Hospital San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA Arnot Ogden Medical Center ElmiraNew YorkUSA Rady Children's Hospital San Diego San DiegoCaliforniaUSA Pediatrics University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA University of Nebraska Medical Center OmahaNebraskaUSA Laval University QuebecQuebecCanada McMaster University HamiltonOntarioCanada University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada CHEO OttawaOntarioCanada for the Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada(PICNIC)

Antibiotic-impregnated ventricular shunt catheters(AIVSCs)with 0.15%clindamycin and 0.054%rifampin are commonly used to prevent ventriculo-peritoneal(VP)shunt *** approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2003(https://***/file/general/***),they have antimicrobial activity documented for minimum 31 days(https://***/cdrh_docs/pdf11/***).These antibiotics were chosen as they cover the majority of Staphylococcus aureus and may provide some activity against coagulase negative staphylococci.1 These normal skin flora account for the majority of VP shunt *** the largest randomized controlled trial(RCT)to date,AIVSCs significantly reduced the risk of infection compared with standard shunts(cause-specific hazard ratio(HR)0.38).2 This effect was mainly due to a reduction in staphylococcal infections;the number of gram-negative infections was similar in both *** studies3–5 and a meta-analysis6 in children support the findings of this *** objective of this study was to examine the spectrum of pathogens,time to infection,and outcomes with AIVSCs vs standard shunts.

关键词： shunt infections peritoneal

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