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C-reactive protein in gallbladder diseases:diagnostic and therapeutic insights

biophysics Reports 2020年第Z1期6卷 49-67页

作者： Ibraheem m.Rajab Daniel majerczyk margaret E.Olson jenna m.b.addams mihee L.Choe matthew S.Nelson Lawrence A.Potempa College of Pharmacy Roosevelt University

The gallbladder is an important component of the hepatobiliary system whose primary function is to aid in digestion of foodstuffs, excretion of drugs and facilitate removal of waste products from the *** gall bladder is principally a storage organ for bile, chemically modified salts and acids of cholesterol which are synthesized in the liver and which function as surfactants to solubilize fatty substances of limited aqueous solubility. Any disruption in the amount or activity of bile surfactant can lead to an accumulation of insoluble molecular clumps(e.g., gallstones) that deposit in and obstruct fluid movement within the gallbladder, and which can lead to pathological congestion and tissue *** natural host defense response to any event that causes tissue damage is to stimulate inflammation,which non-specifically but aggressively reacts to the stimuli so to remove the cause and repair damaged tissues. The C-reactive protein(CRP) is a primarily hepatically produced serum protein whose blood levels increase within 6–10 h of any tissue-damaging event. The extent with which it increases correlates with the level of tissue damage and associated inflammation. CRP levels are reported to be of value in diagnosing acute cholecystitis severity, in predicting the outcome and prognosis of cancerassociated gallbladder resection, and in helping identify cystic structures during emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomies. As an understanding of distinctive CRP structural isoforms is evolving, its role not only as a biomarker but as regulator of both physiologic and pathophysiologic processes of inflammation may be relevant in the understanding of and treatment approaches for gallbladderassociated disease.

关键词： Inflammation Cholesterol C-reactive protein monomeric C-reactive Gallbladder Gallstone Cholecystitis

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Viscoelastic analysis of single-component and composite PEG and alginate hydrogels

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Acta mechanica Sinica 2014年第1期30卷 7-14页

作者： jenna m.Shapiro michelle L.Oyen Cambridge University Engineering Department CambridgeUK Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health

Hydrogels, three-dimensional hydrophilic polymer networks, are appealing candidate materials for study- ing the cellular microenvironment as their substantial water content helps to better mimic soft tissue. However, hydrogels can lack mechanical stiffness, strength, and tough- ness. Composite hydrogel systems have been shown to improve upon mechanical properties compared to their single- component counterparts. Poly （ethylene glycol） dimethacrylate （PEGDmA） and alginate are polymers that have been used to form hydrogels for biological applications. Single- component and composite PEGDmA and alginate systems were fabricated with a range of total polymer concentrations. bulk gels were mechanically characterized using spherical indentation testing and a viscoelastic analysis framework. An increase in shear modulus with increasing polymer con- centration was demonstrated for all systems. Alginate hydro- gels were shown to have a smaller viscoelastic ratio than the PEGDmA gels, indicating more extensive relaxation over time. Composite alginate and PEGDmA hydrogels exhib- ited a combination of the mechanical properties of the con- stituents, as well as a qualitative increase in toughness. Additionally, multiple hydrogel systems were produced that had similar shear moduli, but different viscoelastic behaviors. Accurate measurement of the mechanical properties of hydrogels is necessary in order to determine what parameters are key in modeling the cellular microenvironment.

关键词： Hydrogel Viscoelastic Indentation Nanoin-dentation Composite

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Oxidation state specific analysis of arsenic species in tissues of wild-type and arsenic(+3 oxidation state)methyltransferase-knockout mice

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 104-112页

作者： jenna m.Currier Christelle Douillet Zuzana Drobná miroslav Styblo Curriculum in Toxicology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Nutrition Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Arsenic methyltransferase（As3mt） catalyzes the conversion of inorganic arsenic（i As） to its methylated metabolites, including toxic methylarsonite（mAs~Ⅲ） and dimethylarsinite（DmAs~Ⅲ）. Knockout（KO） of As3 mt was shown to reduce the capacity to methylate i As in mice. However, no data are available on the oxidation states of As species in tissues of these mice. Here, we compare the oxidation states of As species in tissues of male C57bL/6 As3mt-KO and wild-type（WT） mice exposed to arsenite（iA s~Ⅲ） in drinking water. WT mice were exposed to50 mg/L As and As3mt-KO mice that cannot tolerate 50 mg/L As were exposed to 0, 15, 20, 25 or30 mg/L As. iA s~Ⅲaccounted for 53% to 74% of total As in liver, pancreas, adipose, lung, heart, and kidney of As3mt-KO mice; tri- and pentavalent methylated arsenicals did not exceed 10% of total As. Tissues of WT mice retained iA s and methylated arsenicals： iA s~Ⅲ, mAs~Ⅲand DmAs~Ⅲ represented 55%‐68% of the total As in the liver, pancreas, and brain. High levels of methylated species, particularly mAs~Ⅲ, were found in the intestine of WT, but not As3mt-KO mice,suggesting that intestinal bacteria are not a major source of methylated As. blood of WT mice contained significantly higher levels of As than blood of As3mt-KO mice. This study is the first to determine oxidation states of As species in tissues of As3mt-KO mice. Results will help to design studies using WT and As3mt-KO mice to examine the role of iA s methylation in adverse effects of iA s exposure.

关键词： Arsenic speciation analysis Hydride generation-cryotrapping-atomic absorption spectrometry Arsenic(+ 3 oxidation state) methyltransferase As3mt knockout mice

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Skeletal muscle mechanisms contributing to improved glycemic control following intense interval exercise and training

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Sports medicine and Health Science 2023年第1期5卷 20-28页

作者： Hashim Islam jenna b.Gillen School of Health and Exercise Sciences Faculty of Health and Social DevelopmentUniversity of British Columbia OkanaganKelownaBCCanada Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education University of TorontoTorontoONCanada

High-intensity and sprint interval training(HIIT and SIT,respectively)enhance insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in both healthy adults and those with cardiometabolic *** beneficial effects of intense interval training on glycemic control include both improvements seen in the hours to days following a single session of HIIT/SIT and those which accrue with chronic *** muscle is the largest site of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and plays an integral role in the beneficial effects of exercise on glycemic *** we summarize the skeletal muscle responses that contribute to improved glycemic control during and following a single session of interval exercise and evaluate the relationship between skeletal muscle remodelling and improved insulin sensitivity following HIIT/SIT training *** evidence suggests that targeting skeletal muscle mechanisms via nutritional interventions around exercise,particularly with carbohydrate manipulation,can enhance the acute glycemic benefits of *** is also some evidence of sex-based differences in the glycemic benefits of intense interval exercise,with blunted responses observed after training in females relative to *** in skeletal muscle metabolism between males and females may contribute to sex differences in insulin sensitivity following HIIT/SIT,but well-controlled studies evaluating purported muscle mechanisms alongside measurement of insulin sensitivity are *** the greater representation of males in muscle physiology literature,there is also a need for more research involving female-only cohorts to enhance our basic understanding of how intense interval training influences muscle insulin sensitivity in females across the lifespan.

关键词： HIIT Insulin sensitivity Type 2 diabetes Nutrition Sex differences

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Decision making for managing Community Flood Risks:Perspectives of United States Floodplain managers

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第5期12卷 649-660页

作者： jenna Tyler Abdul-Akeem Sadiq Douglas S.Noonan Rebecca m.Entress School of Public Administration University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32801USA O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University–Purdue University IndianapolisIN 46202USA

To reduce flood losses,floodplain managers make decisions on how to effectively manage their community’s flood *** there is a growing body of research that examines how individuals and households make decisions to manage their flood risks,far less attention has been directed at understanding the decision-making processes for flood management at the community *** study aimed to narrow this research gap by examining floodplain managers’perceptions of the quality of their community’s flood management decision-making *** gathered from interviews with 200 floodplain managers in the United States indicate that most floodplain managers perceive their community’s flood management decision-making processes to be *** results also indicate that communities participating in the Federal Emergency management Agency’s Community Rating System,as well as communities with a higher level of concern for flooding and a lower poverty rate,are significantly more likely to report better flood management decision-making processes.

关键词： Community flood risk management Decision making Floodplain managers United States

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mixing and matching SmXL proteins to fine-tune strigolactone responses

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molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1167-1169页

作者： jenna E.Hountalas Shelley Lumba Department of Cell&Systems biology University of Toronto25 Willcocks StreetTorontoON M5S 3B2Canada Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function University of Toronto25 Willcocks StreetTorontoON M5S 3B2Canada

A common mechanism in plant hormone signaling is hormonedependent degradation of downstream *** the case of strigolactone(SL)signaling,one group of SUPPRESSOR OF mORE AXILLARY bRANCHES 2(mAX2)1-LIKE(SmXL)proteins undergoes hormone-dependent degradation,while another does not.A recent publication in molecular Plant by Li et al.(2024)illustrates that mixing and matching a SmXL resistant to SL degradation with a SmXL sensitive to SL degradation finely tunes SL *** phenomenon could reflect a naturally occurring negative transdominance,which is a dominantnegative effect arising not from a mutant allele of the same gene but rather from a different gene altogether(Veitia,2007).This trans-acting protein attenuates SL-dependent degradation of the SmXL *** findings have exciting implications for how different SmXL combinations could result in a gradient of SL responses.

关键词： complex. matching degradation

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Advances in targeted nanotherapeutics： From bioconjugation to biomimicry

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 4999-5016页

作者： Danielle m. Valcourt jenna Harris Rachel S. Riley megan Dang Jianxin Wang Emily S. Day 161 Colburn L ab Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA 201 DuPont Hall Department of Materials Science & Engineering University o f Delaware Newark DE 79716 USA 4701 Ogletown Stanton Road Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute Newark DE 19713 USA

Since the emergence of cancer nanomedicine, researchers have had intense interest in developing nanoparticles （NPs） that can specifically target diseased sites while avoiding healthy tissue to mitigate the off-target effects seen with conventional treatments like chemotherapy. Initial endeavors focused on the bioconjugation of targeting agents to NPs, and more recently, researchers have begun to develop biomimetic NP platforms that can avoid immune recognition to maximally accumulate in tumors. In this review, we describe the advantages and limitations of each of these targeting strategies. First, we review developments in bioconjugation strategies, where NPs are coated with biomolecules such as antibodies, aptamers, peptides, and small molecules to enable cell-specific binding. While bioconjugated NPs offer many exciting features and have improved pharmacokinetics and biodistribution relative to unmodified NPs, they are still recognized by the body as ＂foreign＂, resulting in their clearance by the mononuclear phagocytic system （mPS）. To overcome this limitation, researchers have recently begun to investigate biomimetic approaches that can hide NPs from immune recognition and reduce clearance by the mPS. These biomimetic NPs fall into two distinct categories： synthetic NPs that present naturally occurring structures, and NPs that are completely disguised by natural structures. Overall bioconjugated and biomimetic NPs have substantial potential to improve upon conventional treatments by reducing off-target effects through site-specific delivery. and they show great promise for future standards of care. Here, we provide a summary of each strategy, discuss considerations for their design moving forward, and highlight their potential clinical impact on cancer therapy.

关键词： targeting nanoparticles cancer biomimicry bioconjugation delivery

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“If Somebody Needed Help, I Went Over”: Social Capital and Therapeutic Communities of Older Adult Farmers in british Columbia Floods

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第2期15卷 290-301页

作者： Kyle breen Siyu Ru Luna Vandeweghe jenna Chiu Lindsay Heyland Haorui Wu School of Social Work Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNS B3H 1S2Canada

Older adults in disaster contexts are often thought of as a passive, vulnerable population that lacks agency and capacities to cope in the aftermath. However, it can be argued that older adults may have underrecognized strengths that can be utilized pre-, peri-, and post-disaster. One of these strengths is older adults' unique social capital that stems from long-standing connections with other members of their respective communities. Using data from in-depth, semistructured interviews with farmers in british Columbia 3–11 months after the 2021 floods, this research explored the experiences of older adult farmers' recovery. The farmers discussed how they leveraged their social capital to aid in their recovery efforts from the flood event. by using their bonding social capital, older adult farmers transformed their existing, deep-rooted connections into post-disaster assistance. This, in turn, generated the idea of the therapeutic community, helping community members cope in the aftermath. This research indicated the need to further examine how older adults in disaster settings can be viewed as assets with community knowledge and skills as opposed to solely as a vulnerable population.

关键词： british Columbia Flood disaster Older adults Qualitative research Social capital Therapeutic community

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Sesamum indicum(sesame) enhances NK anti-cancer activity, modulates Th1/Th2 balance, and suppresses macrophage inflammatory response

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical biomedicine 2020年第7期10卷 316-324页

作者： Amin Fmajdalawieh jenna F.Farraj Ronald I.Carr Department of biology Chemistryand Environmental SciencesFaculty of Arts and SciencesAmerican University of SharjahSharjahP.O.Box 26666United Arab Emirates Department of microbiology and Immunology Faculty of MedicineSir Charles Tupper Medical BuildingDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada B3H 4R2

Objective:To evaluate the potential immunomodulatory effects of an aqueous extract of Sesamum indicum seeds with regard to splenocyte proliferation,Th1/Th2 balance,macrophage function,and the cytotoxic activity of natural killer(NK)***:Splenocyte proliferation was measured by[~3H]-thymidine *** assay was performed to evaluate the production of nitric oxide by *** levels of cytokines secreted by splenocytes and macrophages were measured by *** assay was performed to examine the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against YAC-1 tumor ***:Sesamum indicum significantly enhanced splenocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent *** indicum also increased and suppressed the secretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines,respectively,by *** secretion of key pro-inflammatory mediators(IL-6,TNFα,and nitric oxide)by primary macrophages was significantly inhibited by Sesamum ***,Sesamum indicum increased the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against YAC-1 tumor ***:Sesamum indicum shows potent immunomodulatory,anti-inflammatory,and anti-cancer *** of Sesamum indicum may be used as effective therapeutic agents in regulating immune reactions implicated in various infectious and noninfectious conditions including cancer.

关键词： Sesamum indicum Anti-cancer Inflammation Immunomodulation macrophages NK cells

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Lions, hyenas and mobs （oh my!）

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 313-322页

作者： Kenna D.S. LEHmANN Tracy m. mONTGOmERY Sarah m. mACLACHLAN jenna m. PARKERC livia S. SPAGNUOLO Kelsey J. VANDEWETERING Patrick S. bILLS Kay E. HOLEKAmP Department of Integrative biology Michigan State University 288 Farm Lane Room 203 East Lansing MI 48824 USA Ecology Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University 293 Farm Lane Room 103 East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation Biology Colorado State University 1474 Campus Delivery Fort Collins CO 80523 USA Conservation Ecology and Environmental Informatics School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Michigan 440 Church St. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Institute for Cyber Enabled Research Michigan State University Biomedical & Physical Sciences Building 567 Wilson Road Room 1440 East Lansing MI 48824 USA

Understanding the factors that facilitate the emergence of cooperation among organisms is central to the study of social evolution. Spotted hyenas Crocuta crocuta frequently cooperate to mob lions Panthera leo, approaching the lions as a tightknit group while vocalizing loudly in an attempt to overwhelm them and drive them away. Whereas cooperative mobbing behavior has been well documented in birds and some mammals, to our knowledge it has never been described during interactions between 2 apex predators. Using a 27-year dataset, we characterize lion-hyena encoun- ters, assess rates of mobbing behavior observed during these interactions, and inquire whether mobbing results in successful acquisition of food. Lions and hyenas interacted most often at fresh kills, especially as prey size and the number of hyenas present increased. Possession of food at the beginning of an interaction positively affected retention of that food by each predator species. The presence of male lions increased the probability of an interspecific interaction but decreased the likelihood of hyenas obtaining or retaining possession of the food. Hyena mobbing rates were highest at fresh kills, but lower when adult male lions were present. The occurrence of mobbing was predicted by an increase in the number of hyenas present. Whether or not mobbing resulted in acquisition of food from lions was predicted by an increase in the number of mobs formed by the hyenas present, suggesting that cooperation among hyenas enhances their fitness.

关键词： competition cooperation hyena lion mobbing sociality.

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