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Evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in vulvar, endometrial and cervical cancers

World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016年第1期5卷 78-86页

作者： jenna emerson Katina Robison Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Women and Infants Hospital Alpert Medical School Brown University

Sentinel lymph node （SLN） biopsies are a sensitive tool in evaluating lymph nodes for multiple cancers, and in some diseases they decrease morbidity in both the short- and long-term. SLN detection in gynecologic malignancies has been studied extensively over the past decade. We review the current literature on SLN dissection in vulvar, endometrial and cervical cancers. Large, well-designed trials in each of the three types of cancer have demonstrated high sensitivity and low false-negative rates when SLN biopsy is performed in the correct patients and with an appropriate technical approach. In all of these cases the addition of ultra-staging to conventional pathology yields increased detection of micrometastatic disease. Biopsy of the sentinel nodes is feasible and safe in early vulvar malignancies, with multiple studies describing low recurrence rates in those women who have with negative SLNs. There does not appear to be a survival benefit to lymphadenectomy over SLN biopsy and quality of life is improved in women undergoing SLN biopsy. Optimal treatment strategies for women with positive nodal biopsies, particularly in cases with micrometastatic disease, remain unclear. Multiple large studies investigating the utility of SLN biopsy in endometrial malignancy have found that sentinel nodal status is a reliable predictor of metastases in women with low-risk disease. Prospective studies are ongoing and suggest sentinel nodal detection may soon become widely accepted as an alternative standard of care for select cases of endometrial cancer. In cervical cancer, SLN biopsy is accurate for diagnosing metastatic disease in early stage tumors （≤ 2 cm diameter or stage ≤ IB2） where the risk of metastasis is low. It is unknown if women who undergo SLN biopsy alone will have different survival outcomes than women who undergo complete lymphadenectomy in these cases. In a specific population of women with vulvar cancer, SLN dissection is an effective and safe alternative to com

关键词： Gynecologic malignancies Sentinel lymph node Endometrial cancer Cervical cancer Vulvar cancer

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Star power: harnessing the reactive astrocyte response to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 578-582页

作者： Markley Silva Oliveira Junior Laura Reiche emerson Daniele Ines Kortebi Maryam Faiz Patrick Küry Department of Neurology Neuroregeneration laboratoryMedical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Medical Science University of TorontoTorontoCanada Division of Anatomy Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada

Astrocytes are indispensable for central nervous system development and *** response to injury and disease,astrocytes are integral to the immunological-and the,albeit limited,repair *** this review,we will examine some of the functions reactive astrocytes play in the context of multiple sclerosis and related animal *** will consider the heterogeneity or plasticity of astrocytes and the mechanisms by which they promote or mitigate ***,we will discuss a set of biomedical strategies that can stimulate astrocytes in their promyelinating response.

关键词： astrocytes demyelination drug-based therapies myelin repair oligodendrocyte precursor cells reactive astrogliosis

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Serum ferritin and the risk of early-onset colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第8期16卷 3496-3506页

作者： Adam L Urback Kylee Martens Hannah Stowe McMurry emerson Y Chen Caitlin Citti Anil Sharma Adel Kardosh Joseph J Shatzel Division of Internal Medicine Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOR 97239United States Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOR 97239United States Division of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOR 97239United States

BACKGROUND The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer(EO-CRC)is rising in the United States,and is often diagnosed at advanced *** serum ferritin is often incidentally discovered in young adults,however,the indication for endoscopy in EO-CRC is *** To compare serum ferritin between patients with EO-CRC and healthy controls(HCs),and examine the association of serum ferritin in EO-CRC with patient-and disease-specific *** A retrospective study of patients<50 years with newly-diagnosed EO-CRC was conducted from 1/2013-12/*** were included if serum ferritin was measured within 2 years prior to 1 year following CRC histologic *** supplement the analysis,a cohort of HCs meeting similar inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified for comparison.A sensitivity analysis including only patients with serum ferritin obtained at or before diagnosis was separately performed to minimize risk of *** Among 85 patients identified with EO-CRC(48 females),the median serum ferritin level was 26 ng/mL(range<1-2759 ng/mL).Compared to HCs(n=80211),there were a higher proportion of individuals with EO-CRC with serum ferritin<20 ng/mL(female 65%,male 40%)versus HCs(female 32.1%,male 7.2%)age 29-39 years(P=0.002 and P<0.00001,respectively).Stage IV disease was associated with significantly higher serum ferritin compared to less advanced stages(P<0.001).Serum ferritin obtained before or at the time of diagnosis was lower than levels obtained after *** findings were confirmed in the sensitivity *** Severe iron deficiency may indicate an increased risk of EO-CRC,particularly at earlier *** studies defining the optimal serum ferritin threshold and routine incorporation of serum ferritin in screening algorithms is essential to develop more effective screening strategies for EO-CRC.

关键词： Early-onset Young-onset Colorectal cancer Age Ferritin Iron deficiency

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Morphological traits explain the individual position within resource-consumer networks of a Neotropical marsupial

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 453-464页

作者： Nicholas F.de Camargo Hernani F.M.de Oliveira Juliana F.Ribeiro Amabilio J.A.de Camargo emerson M.Vieira Laboratorio de Ecologia de Vertebrados Departamento de EcologiaInstituto de Ciencias BiologicasUniversidade de BrasiliaCP 04457BrasiliaDF70910-900Brazil Departamento de Zoologia Setor de Ciencias BiologicasUniversidade Federal do ParanaAvenida Coronel Francisco Heraclito dos Santos100CuritibaPR81531980Brazil Embrapa Cerrados Rodovia BR020km 18CP 08223PlanaltinaDE73310-970Brazil

Knowledge regarding the influence of individual traits on interaction patterns in nature can help understand the topological role of individuals within a network of intrapopulation *** tested hypotheses on the relationships between individuals'positions within networks(specialization and centrality)of 4 populations of the mouse opossum Gracilinanus agilis and their traits(i.e.,body length,body condition,tail length relative to body length,sex,reproductive condition,and botfly parasitism)and also seasonal effects in the Brazilian *** with lower body length,better body condition,and relatively shorter tail were more specialized(i.e.,less connected within the network).Individuals were also more specialized and less connected during the warm-wet *** relationship between individuals'position in the network and body traits,however,was independent of *** propose that specialization may arise not only as a result of preferred feed-ing strategies by more capable individuals(i.e.,those with better body condition and potentially prone to defend and access high-quality food resources)but alsobecause of morphological ***/younger individuals(consequently with less experience in foraging)and short-tailed individuals(less skilled to explore the vertical strata of the vegetation)would feed only on a subset of the available food resources and consequently become more ***,individuals are more specialized during the warm-wet season because of high competition(population-dense period)and higher ecological opportunities(resource-rich period).Therefore,our study reveals the relevance of individual traits inshaping interactionpatternsandspecialization inpopulations.

关键词： bodytraits centrality Cerrado Gracilinanus agilis seasonality specialization.

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Biodiversity Assessment of Avifauna in the Forest Reservation of Aurora State College of Technology (ASCOT), Philippines

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第4期14卷 292-308页

作者： Afed S. Daiwey Heherson B. Ong emerson V. Barcellano Edmundo C. Gumpal Michelle Ann M. Calubaquib Rafael J. Padre School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences Aurora State College of Technology Baler Philippines College of Forestry and Environmental Science Isabela State University Cabagan Philippines College of Agriculture Isabela State University Cabagan Philippines College of Engineering Isabela State University Echague Philippines

The research study was conducted to assess and quantify the current status of avifauna biodiversity assets of Aurora State College of Technology’s Forest Reservation in Baler, Aurora, Philippines. Assessment of avifaunal diversity was undertaken by traversing the four established circular plots having a radius of 125 meters or 250 meters diameters each as permanent monitoring stations. Study revealed a total number of 151 Individual species, classified into 23 genera and 21 families. Eighteen of these species are endemic while the remaining five were fully migrated birds. All birds observed were classified as Least Concern (LC) species according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species and the updated list of the Birds of the World online. Its abundance, richness and diversity index were calculated using Shannon Diversity Index (H') while Pielou’s evenness (J') for distribution of species. Forest reservation of ASCOT has more even (0.756 J') and moderate diversity (2.812 H') observation on avifauna in general. However, this avian population evaluation was threatened into a verge of extinction due to natural and anthropological threats that causes forest deforestation. Such deforestation of habitat causes dwindling of wildlife territory leading to the scarcity of bird’s population. Thus, the assessment was conducted to aid ASCOT administration find significant plans to ensure sustainable conservation and protection of the remaining avifauna species in the reservation area.

关键词： Biodiversity Avifauna Abundance Species Richness Species Diversity

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Temporal niche overlap among insectivorous small mammals

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第4期6卷 375-386页

作者： emerson M.VIEIRA Gabriela PAISE Laboratory of Ecology of Mammals ZoologyUniversity of Vale do Rio dos SinosSão LeopoldoBrazil Graduate Program of Ecology University of CampinasCampinasBrazil

Being active in the same environment at different times exposes animals to the effects of very different environmental factors,both biotic and *** the present study,we used live traps equipped with timing devices to evaluate the potential role of biotic factors(competition and food abundance)on overall overlap in the temporal niche axis of 4 insectivorous small mammals in high-elevation grassland fields(‘campos de altitude’)of southern *** on resources availability(invertebrates),data on animal captures were pooled in 2 seasons:‘scarcity’(June 2001−September 2001)and‘abundance’(November 2001-May 2002)*** tested for non-random structure in temporal niche overlap among the species in each *** species were the rodents Oxymycterus nasutus(Waterhouse,1837),Deltamys sp.,Akodon azarae(Fischer,1829),and the marsupial Monodelphis brevicaudis Olfers,*** studied community was mainly diurnal with crepuscular *** using the Pianka index of niche overlap indicated that the empirical assemblage-wide overlap was not significantly different from randomly generated patterns in the abundance season but significantly greater than expected by chance alone in the scarcity *** the species showed an increase in temporal niche breadth during the abundance season,which appears to be related to longer daylength and high nocturnal *** on both temporal niche overlap and temporal niche breadth were the opposite to those that we were expecting in the case of diel activity patterns determined by competition for dietary ***,we conclude that competition did not seem to be preponderant for determining patterns of temporal niche overlap by the studied community.

关键词： activity patterns Brazil chronoecology community structure competition niche partitioning

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Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network for seafloor classification from multibeam sonar data

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High Technology Letters 2006年第2期12卷 219-224页

作者：周兴华 Chen Yongqi Nick emerson Du Dewen The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao P.R. China The Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informafics Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong SAR of China

This paper presents a seafloor classification method of multibeam sonar data, based on the use of Adaptive Resonance Theory （ART） neural networks. A general ART-based neural network, Fuzzy ARTMAP, has been proposed for seafloor classification of multibeam sonar data. An evolutionary strategy was used to generate new training samples near the cluster boundaries of the neural network, therefore the weights can be revised and refined by supervised learning. The proposed method resolves the training problem for Fuzzy ARTMAP neural networks, which are applied to seafloor classification of multibeam sonar data when there are less than adequate ground-troth samples. The results were synthetically analyzed in comparison with the standard Fuzzy ARTMAP network and a conventional Bayesian classifier. The conclusion can be drawn that Fuzzy ARTMAP neural networks combining with GA algorithms can be alternative powerful tools for seafloor classification of multibeam sonar data.

关键词： Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network genetic algorithms seafloor classification multibeam sonar

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Bugs improve nerve regeneration: fasting-induced, microbiome-derived metabolite enhances peripheral nerve regeneration

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第11期7卷 3978-3979页

作者： Zerina Kurtovic Camilla I.Svensson emerson Krock Department.of Physiology and Pharmacology Centre for Molecular MedicineKarolinska InstitutetSolna17177Sweden Kancera AB Karolinska Institutet Science ParkSolna17165Sweden

In a recent study published in Nature,Serger et *** intermittent fasting(IF)to gut microbiome alterations and enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration following injury.1 Fasting has been purported to have neuroregenerative effects,but the underlying mechanisms remained *** authors found that IF-induced elevation of IPA(a microbiome-derived metabolite)promotes neutrophil infiltration into the dorsal root ganglia(DRG),which enhances the regeneration of sciatic nerve fibers(Fig.1).

关键词： connected fibers ported

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Cosmopolitan Temporalities： A Sociological Analysis on Climate Imageries in Brazil and China

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2018年第1期11卷 49-68页

作者： Marcelo Fetz Estevao Bosco emerson Palmieri Federal University of Espfrito Santo Av. Fernando Fen'aft 514 GoiabeirasVit6ria-ES 29075-910 Brazil University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil State University of Campinas/UNICAMP Campinas Brazil

Time is a central theoretical resource for climate change science, climate policies, social actions addressing climate change problems, and shaping concepts of uncertainty and ambiguity. This paper presents a debate on how different epis- temic climate science communities deal with the concept of time by considering the social construction of climate imageries. To do so, we undertake two case studies on how China and Brazil＇s climate communities have shaped situated knowledge based on different historical social experiences that created different modes of dealing with climate change： China has created a concept of time based on practical climate experiences, while Brazil has developed a futuristic sense of how the climate will behave in the future. Finally, we address the idea of cosmopolitan climate imageries originated from hybrid forums and constructed by stocks of knowledge which have been shared transhistorically by different epistemic communities towards a common climate governance.

关键词： Climate change Time, Social imageries China. Brazil

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Metabolic pathways as possible therapeutic targets for progressive multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第8期12卷 1262-1267页

作者： Rebecca M.Heidker Mitchell R.emerson Steven M.Le Vine Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy-Glendale Midwestern University

Unlike relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, there are very few therapeutic options for patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. While immune mechanisms are key participants in the pathogenesis of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, the mechanisms underlying the development of progressive multiple sclerosis are less well understood. Putative mechanisms behind progressive multiple sclerosis have been put forth： insufficient energy production via mitochondrial dysfunction, activated microglia, iron accumulation, oxidative stress, activated astrocytes, Wallerian degeneration, apoptosis, etc. Furthermore, repair processes such as remyelination are incomplete. Experimental therapies that strive to improve metabolism within neurons and glia, e.g., oligodendrocytes, could act to counter inadequate energy supplies and/or support remyelination. Most experimental approaches have been examined as standalone interventions; however, it is apparent that the biochemical steps being targeted are part of larger pathways, which are further intertwined with other metabolic pathways. Thus, the potential benefits of a tested intervention, or of an established therapy, e.g., ocrelizumab, could be undermined by constraints on upstream and/or downstream steps. If correct, then this argues for a more comprehensive, multifaceted approach to therapy. Here we review experimental approaches to support neuronal and glial metabolism, and/or promote remyelination, which may have potential to lessen or delay progressive multiple sclerosis.

关键词： acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase biotin estrogen iron Kynurenine pathway mitochondria thyroidhormone remyelination stem cells vitamin D

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