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Chaperone proteins as ameliorators of α-synuclein-induced synaptic pathologies: insights into Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1198-1199页

作者： Susan M.l.Banks Audrey T.Medeiros Rui Sousa Eileen M.lafer Jennifer R.morgan Department of Biology Florida Southern CollegeLakelandFLUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology&Tissue Engineering Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods HoleMAUSA

α-Synuclein accumulation causes synaptic vesicle trafficking defects and may underlie neurodegenerative disorders:Neurodegenerative disorders,such as Parkinson’s disease(PD)and other synucleinopathies,impact the lives of millions of patients and their *** include PD,dementia with lewy Bodies(DlB),multiple system atrophy,and several Alzheimer’s Disease *** are clinically characterized by intracellular inclusions called lewy Bodies,which are rich in atypical aggregates of the protein α-*** dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are particularly susceptible toα-synuclein-induced aggregation and neurodegeneration,glutamatergic neurons in other brain regions(***)are also frequently affected in PD and other synucleinopathies(Schulz-Schaeffer 2010).

关键词： cortex Alzheimer insight

Evolving role of artificial intelligence in gastrointestinal endoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第46期26卷 7287-7298页

作者： Gulshan Parasher morgan Wong Manmeet Rawat Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87131United States

Artificial intelligence(AI)is a combination of different technologies that enable machines to sense,comprehend,and learn with human-like levels of *** technology will eventually enhance human capability,provide machines genuine autonomy,and reduce errors,and increase productivity and *** seems promising,and the field is full of invention,novel applications;however,the limitation of machine learning suggests a cautious optimism as the right *** is also becoming incorporated into medicine to improve patient care by speeding up processes and achieving greater accuracy for optimal patient *** using deep learning technology has been used to identify,differentiate catalog images in several medical fields including gastrointestinal *** gastrointestinal endoscopy field involves endoscopic diagnoses and prognostication of various digestive diseases using image analysis with the help of various gastrointestinal endoscopic device ***-based endoscopic systems can reliably detect and provide crucial information on gastrointestinal pathology based on their training and *** systems can make gastroenterology practice easier,faster,more reliable,and reduce inter-observer variability in the coming ***,the thought that these systems will replace human decision making replace gastrointestinal endoscopists does not seem plausible in the near *** this review,we discuss AI and associated various technological terminologies,evolving role in gastrointestinal endoscopy,and future possibilities.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Gastrointestinal endoscopy Machine learning Endoscopic diagnosis Gastric cancer Gastrointestinal diseases

Automated defect analysis in electron microscopic images

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 354-362页

作者： Wei li Kevin G.Field Dane morgan Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Oak Ridge National laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37830USA

Electron microscopy and defect analysis are a cornerstone of materials science,as they offer detailed insights on the microstructure and performance of a wide range of materials and material *** a robust and flexible platform for automated defect recognition and classification in electron microscopy will result in the completion of analysis orders of magnitude faster after images are recorded,or even online during image *** analysis has the potential to be significantly more efficient,accurate,and repeatable than human analysis,and it can scale with the increasingly important methods of automated data ***,an automated recognition tool is developed based on a computer vison–based approach;it sequentially applies a cascade object detector,convolutional neural network,and local image analysis *** demonstrate that the automated tool performs as well as or better than manual human detection in terms of recall and precision and achieves quantitative image/defect analysis metrics close to the human *** proposed approach works for images of varying contrast,brightness,and *** promising results suggest that this and similar approaches are worth exploring for detecting multiple defect types and have the potential to locate,classify,and measure quantitative features for a range of defect types,materials,and electron microscopic techniques.

关键词： automated defect analysis

Resolving the age-related decline in central nervous system myelin turnover and drug discovery for oligodendroglial rejuvenation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2677-2678页

作者： Andrea Domenico Rivera Arthur morgan Butt Kasum Azim Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences School of Pharmacy and Biomedical ScienceUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK Section of Human Anatomy Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly Department of Neurology Medical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany

Myel i n genes are amongst the most dysregulated genes in the aged brain:Just over half of the weight of an entire adult human brain is attributed to myelin,which wraps around neuronal axons and is essential for superfast axonal conduction and neuronal *** the central nervous system,it is the function of specialized cells called oligodendrocytes(Ols)to make myelin,which is made up of lipids and *** are generated throughout life by a significant population of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells(OPCs)that are responsible for the lifelong generation of Ols and myelin,essential for learning,as well as repair following pathological insults(*** demyelinating diseases that include multiple sclerosis)(Simons and Nave,2015;Philips and Rothstein,2017).Changes in myelin content in the human brain over the lifespan of individuals have been well documented,as well as evidence of myelin loss in rodent models using classical histological approaches(Bartzokis et al.,2012;Soreq et al.,2017).

关键词： myelin system specialized

The neuroimaging of neurodegenerative and vascular disease in the secondary prevention of cognitive decline

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第8期16卷 1490-1499页

作者： morgan J.Schaeffer leona Chan Philip A.Barber Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada

Structural brain changes indicative of dementia occur up to 20 years before the onset of clinical symptoms. Efforts to modify the disease process after the onset of cognitive symptoms have been unsuccessful in recent years. Thus, future trials must begin during the preclinical phases of the disease before symptom onset. Age related cognitive decline is often the result of two coexisting brain pathologies: Alzheimer's disease(amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration) and vascular disease. This review article highlights some of the common neuroimaging techniques used to visualize the accumulation of neurodegenerative and vascular pathologies during the preclinical stages of dementia such as structural magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and white matter hyperintensities. We also describe some emerging neuroimaging techniques such as arterial spin labeling, diffusion tensor imaging, and quantitative susceptibility mapping. Recent literature suggests that structural imaging may be the most sensitive and cost-effective marker to detect cognitive decline, while molecular positron emission tomography is primarily useful for detecting disease specific pathology later in the disease process. Currently, the presence of vascular disease on magnetic resonance imaging provides a potential target for optimizing vascular risk reduction strategies, and the presence of vascular disease may be useful when combined with molecular and metabolic markers of neurodegeneration for identifying the risk of cognitive impairment.

关键词： amyloid arterial spin labeling cognitive decline dementia imaging magnetic resonance imaging positron emission tomography quantitative susceptibility mapping tau vascular disease white matter hyperintensities

Initial impacts of rain gardens＇ application on water quality and quantity in combined sewer： field-scale experiment

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第4期11卷 127-138页

作者： Isam Alyaseri Jianpeng Zhou Susan M. morgan Andrew Bartlett Department of Civil Engineering Al-Muthanna University Alsamawah Al-Muthanna 72001 Iraq Department of Civil Engineering Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Edwardsville IL 62026 USA Graduate School Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Edwardsville IL 62026 USA Agricultural Statistics laboratory University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA

Green infrastructures such as rain gardens can benetit onsite reduction ot stormwater runott, leading to reduced combined sewer overflows. A pilot project was conducted to evaluate the impact of rain gardens on the water quality and volume reduction of storm runoff from urban streets in a combined sewer area. The study took place in a six-block area on South Grand Boulevard in St. louis, Missouri. The impact was assessed through a comparison between the pre-construction （2011/2012） and the post-construction （2014） phases. Shortly after the rain gardens were installed, the levels of total suspended solids, chloride, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, zinc, and copper increased. The level of mercury was lower than the detection level in both phases. E. coli was the only parameter that showed statistically significant decrease following the installation of rain gardens. The likely reason for initial increase in monitored water quality parameters is that the post-construction sampling began after the rain gardens were constructed but before planting, resulted from soil erosion and wash-out from the mulch. However, the levels of most of water quality parameters decreased in the following time period during the post-construction phase. The study found 76% volume reduction of stormwater runoff following the installation of rain gardens at one of studied sites. Statistical analysis is essential on collected data because of the encountered high variability of measured flows resulted from low flow conditions in studied sewers.

关键词： Rain gardens Bioretention Combined sewer Stormwater quality and quantity

Combinatorial testing:using blocking to assign test cases for validating complex software systems

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Statistical Theory and Related Fields 2021年第2期5卷 114-121页

作者： Ryan lekivetz Joseph morgan JMP Division of SAS CaryNCUSA

Testing complex software systems is an extraordinarily difficult *** engineers are faced with the challenging prospect of ensuring that a software system satisfies its requirements while working within a strict *** a test suite for such an endeavour can be framed as a design of experiments *** testing is a software testing methodology that may be viewed as a design of experiments approach to addressing the software testing *** extend this methodology by introducing the concept of blocking factors for a test *** provide an example,using an open source software library,to illustrate our *** of considering blocks are discussed,both in the design as well as after test execution,when fault localisation may be necessary.

关键词： Combinatorial testing covering arrays design of experiments software engineering

Next generation drug connectivity mapping for acquiring therapeutic agents to differentially regulate myelination

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第4期18卷 797-798页

作者： Kasum Azim Andrea Domenico Rivera Arthur morgan Butt Department of Neurology Medical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences School of Pharmacy and Biomedical ScienceUniversity of PortsmouthSt Michael’s BuildingWhite Swan RoadPortsmouthUK Section of Human Anatomy Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly

The need for new therapeutic approaches:Conventional drug discovery is a lengthy and expensive process,taking decades and billions of dollars to get a drug from bench to *** of the costs incurred are at the pre-clinical stages,between drug design and synthesis to delineating the cellular“Mechanisms of Action”(MoA).Notably,there is a very high risk of failure,and only a very small proportion of therapeutic agents reach later-phase clinical ***,drug repositioning has become a valuable strategy aimed at fast-tracking treatments into clinical use and improving the chances of therapeutic success.A novel addition to this approach is connectivity mapping,which defines cell-specific transcriptional responses to small molecules in disease-dependent *** commentary outlines how some of the latest innovations in connectivity mapping can be exploited for drug repurposing.

关键词： connectivity dollar therapeutic

Providing Timely,Trustworthy Guidance to Frontline Clinicians during a Pandemic

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Health Data Science 2021年第1期2021卷 169-170页

作者： Yngve Falck-Ytter Rebecca l.morgan VA Northeast Ohio Health Care System and Case Western Reserve University ClevelandOhioUSA School of Medicine Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA Department of Health Research Methods Evidence and ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada

When the unexpected happens,such as a pandemic caused by a novel virus,governmental agencies,organizations,and experts in the field are rightly concerned that the paucity of available evidence may trigger unsubstantiated or erroneous *** harms of which can be exacerbated with today’s massive spread of misinformation through unregulated social media or other trusted information sites,inevitably influencing frontline clinicians’and healthcare workers’behavior and ***,recommendations for clinical practices are essential for the prevention,detection,treatment,and management during a global *** response to the COVID-19 pandemic,clinical and research experts,government agencies,and specialty societies immediately took action to provide guidance to their constituents on how to manage all aspect of the pandemic.

关键词： prevention concerned massive