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microbial community coalescence and nitrogen cycling in simulated mortality decomposition hotspots

Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 608-624页

作者： Sarah W.Keenan Alexandra L.Emmons jen.ifer m.debruyn Department of Geology and Geological Engineering South Dakota School of Mines and Technology501 East St.Joseph StreetRapidSD 57701USA Department of Anthropology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science University of Tennessee2506 E.J.Chapman DriveKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

Background The pulsed introduction of dead plant and animal material into soils represents one of the primary mechanisms for returning organic carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)compounds to biogeochemical *** of animal carcasses provides a high C and N resource that stimulates indigenous environmental microbial communities and introduces non-indigenous,carcass-derived microbes to the ***,the dynamics of the coalesced microbial communities,and the relative contributions of environment-and carcass-derived microbes to C and N cycling are *** test whether environment-derived,carcass-derived,or the combined microbial communities exhibited a greater influence on C and N cycling,we conducted controlled laboratory experiments that combined carcass decomposition fluids and soils to simulate carcass decomposition *** selectively sterilized the decomposition fluid and/or soil to remove microbial communities and create different combinations of environment-and carcass-derived communities and incubated the treatments under three temperatures(10,20,and 30℃).Results Carcass-derived bacteria persisted in soils in our simulated decomposition scenarios,albeit at low *** communities had higher respiration rates at 10 and 30℃ compared to soil or carcass communities ***,at higher temperatures,mixed communities had reduced diversity,but higher respiration,suggesting functional *** communities treatments also provided evidence that carcass-associated microbes may be contributing to ammonification and denitrification,but that nitrification is still primarily carried out by native soil *** Our work yields insight into the dynamics of microbial communities that are coalescing during carcass decomposition,and how they contribute to recycling carcasses in terrestrial ecosystems.

关键词： Carcass decomposition microcosm Nitrogen Carbon Biogeochemical cycling Coalescence

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Rational Schur Superalgebras

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Algebra Colloquium 2024年第2期31卷 209-220页

作者： Andrew Riesen Shun-jen Cheng Department of mathematical and Statistical Sciences University of Alberta 1132489 Ave NWEdmontonAlbertaCanada 不详

We develop and study the generalization of rational Schur algebras to the super *** to the classical case,this provides a new method for studying rational supermodules of the general linear supergroup GL(m|n).Furthermore,we establish a Schur-Weyl duality result for rational Schur superalgebras and conclude that under certain conditions these objects will be semisimple.

关键词： Schur algebra supermathematics general linear supergroup

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An overview of biomass solid fuels:Biomass sources,processing methods,and morphological and microstructural properties

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2023年第4期8卷 333-360页

作者： Segun E.Ibitoye Rasheedat m.mahamood Tien-Chien jen Chanchal Loha Esther T.Akinlabi Department of mechanical Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland Park2006524South Africa Department of mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of IlorinIlorin P.M.B.1515Nigeria Energy Research and Technology Group CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research InstituteWest BengalDurgapur-713209India Department of mechanical and Construction Engineering Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle NE18STUnited Kingdom

Biomass solid fuel(BSF)has emerged as a promising renewable energy source,but its morphological and microstructural properties are crucial in determining their physical,mechanical,and chemical *** paper provides an overview of recent research on *** focus is on biomass sources,BSF processing methods,and morphological and microstructural properties,with a special emphasis on energy-related *** inclusion and exclusion criteria were established for the study to ensure *** inclusion criteria encompassed studies about BSFs and studies investigating the influence of biomass sources and processing methods on the morphological and microstructural properties of solid fuels within the past five *** technologies for converting biomass into usable energy were discussed,including gasification,torrefaction,carbonization,hydrothermal carbonization(HTC),and *** has advantages and disadvantages in energy performance,techno-economics,and climate *** is efficient but requires high *** produces bio-oil,char,and gases based on feedstock *** generates low-cost biochar for solid fuels and carbon sequestration *** increases energy density for co-firing with *** processes wet biomass efficiently with lower energy *** treatment affects BSF durability and strength,often leading to less durability due to voids and gaps between *** carbonization alters surface morphology,creating cavities,pores,and distinctive *** pyrolysis generates biochar with better morphological properties,while fast pyrolysis yields biochar with lower porosity and surface *** constitutes 67%of the biomass sources utilized for bioenergy generation,followed by wood residues(5%),agro-residues(4%),municipal solid wastes(3%),energy crops(3%),livestock wastes(3%),and forest residues(1%).Each source has advantages and drawbacks,such as avail

关键词： Biomass feedstock microstructural property morphological property Renewable energy Thermal treatment

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High in vitro survival rate of sheep in vitro produced blastocysts vitrified with a new method and device

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第1期11卷 71-80页

作者： Sergio Ledda jen m.Kelly Stefano Nieddu Daniela Bebbere Federica Ariu Luisa Bogliolo Dity Natan Amir Arav Department of Veterinary medicine University of SassariSassariItaly South Australian Research and Development Institute Turretfield Research Centre129 Holland RoadRosedaleSA 5350Australia FertilSafe Ltd 11 Haharash st7403118 Ness ZionaIsrael.

Background:To advance the use of embryo vitrification in veterinary practice,we developed a system in which embryo vitrification,warming and dilution can be performed within a *** in vitro produced embryos(IVEP)were vitrified at either early(EBs:n=74)or fully expanded blastocyst stage(FEBs:n=195),using a new device named"***",composed by a 0.25-m L straw with a 50-μm pore polycarbonate grid at one *** at each stage(EBs and FEBs)were vitrified by either Two-step(TS)or multi-step(mS;6 different concentrations of vitrification solutions)***-vitrified embryos(n=102)were maintained in in vitro culture as a *** consisted of placing the straws directly into 1.5 m L tubes containing a TCm-199 solution with three decreasing concentrations of *** re-expansion,embryo survival and hatching rate were evaluated at2,24 and 48 h post *** number of apoptotic cells was determined by TUNEL ***:Blastocyst re-expansion(2 h)after warming was higher(PmS and TS methods(77.90%and 71.25%,respectively)compared with the EBs group(mS:59.38%and TS:48.50%,respectively).Survival rates of vitrified FEBs after 24 h IVC were higher(Pmethods(mS and TS)than vitrified EBs(mS:56.25%;TS:42.42%)and was higher(PmS method(94.19%)compared with those in TS(83.75%).After 48 h of culture the hatching rate for FEBs vitrified in mS system(91.86%)was similar to control(91.89%),but higher than FEB TS(77.5%)and EBs vitrified in mS(37.5%)and TS(33.33%).Number of apoptotic cells were higher in EBs,irrespective of the system used,compared to *** number of apoptotic cells in FEBs vitrified with mS was comparable to the ***:A high survival rate of IVP embryos can be achieved by the new"***"device with hatching rates in vitro comparable with control fresh *** method has the potential for use in direct embryo transfer in field conditions.

关键词： Blastocysts High survival In-straw In vitro embryo produced Ovine

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HIPPIE HIPPIE CHIC A FASHIONISTA'S UBER-STYLISH NEST

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城市漫步（上海版、英文） 2014年第2期 36-37页

作者： mARIANNA CERINI ELLIOT debruyn(PHOTOS) 不详

H&m's trend developer and head of heavy knit innovation Nina Wiger knows a thing or two about style・Her house,a beautiful pad overlooking Jiashan market,is a reflection of her personal passlons,travels and aesthetic-a striking retreat where the young creative can chill and play when she's not traveling around the world in search of the next big fashion forecast・Herers a peek into her urban oasis.

关键词： CHIC travel striking

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Colectomy is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism in ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第4期21卷 1251-1260页

作者： Gilaad G Kaplan Allen Lim Cynthia H Seow Gordon W moran Subrata Ghosh Yvette Leung jen.ifer debruyn Geoffrey C Nguyen James Hubbard Remo Panaccione Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic University of CalgaryCalgary AB T2N 4N1Canada Division of Gastroenterology University of CalgaryCalgary AB T2N 4N1Canada Departments of medicine University of CalgaryCalgary AB T2N 4N1Canada Community Health Sciences University of CalgaryCalgary AB T2N 4N1Canada Paediatrics University of CalgaryCalgary AB T2N 4N1Canada mount Sinai Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease University of TorontoToronto ON M5SCanada Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Toronto ON M5SCanada

AIm: To compare venous thromboembolism(VTE) in hospitalized ulcerative colitis(UC) patients who respond to medical management to patients requiring colectomy. mETHODS: Population-based surveillance from 1997 to 2009 was used to identify all adults admitted to hospital for a flare of UC and those patients who underwent colectomy. All medical charts were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and extract clinically relevant information. UC patients were stratified by:(1) responsive to inpatient medical therapy(n = 382);(2) medically refractory requiring emergent colectomy(n = 309); and(3) elective colectomy(n = 329). The primary outcome was the development of VTE during hospitalization or within 6 mo of discharge. Heparin prophylaxis to prevent VTE was assessed. Logistic regression analysis determined the effect of disease course(i.e., responsive to medical therapy, medically refractory, and elective colectomy) on VTE after adjusting for confounders including age, sex, smoking, disease activity, comorbidities, extent of disease, and IBD medications(i.e., corticosteroids, mesalamine, azathioprine, and infliximab). Point estimates were presented as odds ratios(OR) with 95%***: The prevalence of VTE among patients with UC who responded to medical therapy was 1.3% and only 16% of these patients received heparinprophylaxis. In contrast, VTE was higher among patients who underwent an emergent(8.7%) and elective(4.9%) colectomy, despite greater than 90% of patients receiving postoperative heparin prophylaxis. The most common site of VTE was intra-abdominal(45.8%) followed by lower extremity(19.6%). VTE was diagnosed after discharge from hospital in 16.7% of cases. Elective(adjusted OR = 3.69; 95%CI: 1.30-10.44) and emergent colectomy(adjusted OR = 5.28; 95%CI: 1.93-14.45) were significant risk factors for VTE as compared to medically responsive UC patients. Furthermore, the odds of a VTE significantly increased across time(adjusted OR = 1.10; 95%CI: 1.01-1.20). Age, sex, c

关键词： Inflammatory bowel diseases Ulcerative colitis Dee

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Nutrient cycling and greenhouse gas emissions from soil amended with biochar-manure mixtures

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 289-302页

作者： Carlos m.ROmERO Chunli LI jen OWENS Gabriel O.RIBEIRO Tim A.mCALLISTER Erasmus OKINE Xiying HAO Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeAlberta T1J 4B1(Canada) Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Arts&SciencesUniversity of LethbridgeLethbridgeAlberta T1K 3M4(Canada) Department of Animal and Poultry Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewan S7N 5A8(Canada)

Integrating biochar into cattle diets has recently emerged as a potential management practice for improving on-farm ***,information concerning the cycling of biochar-manure mixtures is scarce.A 70-d incubation experiment was conducted within two surface(0–15 cm)mollisols with contrasting textures,i.e.,sandy clay loam(Raymond)and clayey(Lethbridge),to evaluate the effects of biochar(3 mg ha^(-1))on cumulative greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and related fertility attributes in the presence or absence of cattle manure(120 mg ha^(-1)).Five treatments were included:i)non-amended soil(control,CK),ii)soil amended with pinewood biochar(B),iii)soil amended with beef cattle manure(m)(manure from cattle on a control diet),iv)soil amended with biochar-manure(Bm)(manure from cattle on a control diet,with pinewood biochar added at 20 g kg^(-1)of diet dry matter),and v)soil amended with B and m at the aforementioned rates(B+m).A total of 40 soil columns were prepared and incubated at 21℃and 60%–80%water-holding *** average,total CO_(2)fluxes increased by 2.2-and 3.8-fold under manure treatments(i.e.,m,Bm,and B+m),within Raymond and Lethbridge soils,respectively,relative to CK and ***,total CH4 fluxes were the highest(Pmond soil under B+m and Bm relative to CK and B,and in Lethbridge soil under m and Bm relative to CK and *** Lethbridge soil,application of Bm increased cumulative N_(2)O emissions by 1.8-fold relative to *** 70-d incubation,amendment with Bm increased(Pmond and Lethbridge soils compared with B.A similar pattern was observed for water-extractable organic carbon in both soils,with Bm augmenting(Pmanure,and/or biochar-manure have contrasting short-term effects on the biogeochemistry of *** relatively low application rates,biochar does not necessarily counterbalance manure-derived inpu

关键词： animal husbandry black carbon carbon dioxide methane Orthic Black Chernozem soil fertility

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microdomain atomic structure of Zr_(50)Pd_(40)Al_(10) metallic glasses and its formation mechanism

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2019年第3期35卷 248-253页

作者： Kai Li Fangliang Gao Yu-jen Chou Kaixiang Shen Guoqiang Li State Key Laboratory of Luminescent materials and Devices South China University of Technology Engineering Research Center on Solid-State Lighting and Its Informationisation of Guangdong Province South China University of Technology Department of Electronic materials School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology School of Physics and Telecommunications Engineering South China Normal University

Zr-based Zr_50Pd_40Al_10 metallic glasses has not only crystalline phases of about 5 nm in diameter but also amorphous phases. In this work, the radial distribution functions(RDFs) of amorphous structure of Zr_50Pd_40Al_10 metallic glasses were firstly measured by electron diffraction, and then Reverse monte Carlo(RmC) optimization accompanied by density functional theory(DFT) calculations. The amorphous structure has not only short-range order but also good medium-range order. In the RDFs of its amorphous structure, the first and the second peaks are located at 2.96 ? and 4.79 ?, respectively. Partial radical distribution functions(PRDFs) show that the contributions of the first and the second nearest-neighbor distances of various atom pairs to the G(r) peak values, and the first nearest-neighbor distances of Pd–Zr and Zr–Zr atom pairs are the sources of main G(r) peak values between 2? and 6?. The competition mechanism for generating the Pd_25Zr_55 Al_20 amorphous phase and the intermetallic crystalline phase Pd_11Zr_9 is associated with the differences of atomic radius, the proportion, and the melting point of different atoms, as well as the heat of mixing between atoms, leading to an equilibrium state of the two phases. Accordingly, a composite system with intertwined nanocrystals and amorphous phases is in turn formed, and improves the stability of the material.

关键词： metallic glasses Radial distribution function Electron diffraction Density functional theory Formation mechanism

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Atomic Structure of Cu49Hf42Al9 metallic Glass with High Glass-Forming Ability and Plasticity

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Acta metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2019年第7期32卷 803-807页

作者： Kai Li Yu-jen Chou Fang-Liang Gao Guo-Qiang Li State Key Laboratory of Luminescent materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China Engineering Research Center on Solid-State Lighting and Its Informationisation of Guangdong Province South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China Department of Electronic materials School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China Department of materials University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OXI 3PH UK

Electron diffraction was used to study the local atomic structure of Cu49Hf42Al9 metallic glasses (mGs). The amorphous nature of the mG was fully retained after the compression test. The partial radial distribution functions (PRDFs) of the mG structure obtained from the atomic model using reverse monte Carlo and density functional theory optimization display that the peaks of the first nearest-neighbour distances for Cu-Cu, Hf-Cu and Hf-Hf atomic pairs were located at 2.56 A, 2.78 A and 3.23 A, respectively. The wide distribution of PRDF for Hf-Hf atomic pair explained the high plasticity of the material.

关键词： metallic glass Radial distribution function Electron diffraction Density functional theory Atomic structure

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Translocation and distribution of mercury in biomasses from subtropical forest ecosystems:evidence from stable mercury isotopes

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Acta Geochimica 2021年第1期40卷 42-50页

作者： Yi Liu Che-jen Lin Wei Yuan Zhiyun Lu Xinbin Feng State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry.Chinese Academy of SciencesGuiyangChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Center for Advances in Water and Air Quality Lamar UniversityBeaumontTXUSA College of Environment and Energy South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina National Forest Ecosystem Research Station AilaoshanYunnanChina

To understand its source,distribution,storage,and translocation in the subtropical forest ecosystems,mercury(Hg)concentrations and stable isotopes in forest biomass tissues(foliage,branch,bark,and trunk)were investigated at Ailao mountain National Nature Reserve,Southwest *** total Hg(THg)concentrations in the samples show the following trend:mature foliage(57±19 ng g-1)>bark(11±4.0 ng g-1)>branch(5.4±2.5 ng g-1)>trunk(1.6±0.7 ng g-1).Using the measured THg concentrations and the quantity of respective biomasses,the Hg pools in the forest are:wood(60±26μg m-2)>bark(51±18μg m-2)>foliage(41±11μg m-2)>branch(26±8.3μg m-2).The tree biomasses displayed negativeδ202Hg(-1.83‰to-3.84‰)andΔ199Hg(-0.18‰to-0.62‰).The observedΔ200Hg(-0.08‰to 0.04‰)is not significantly from zero.AΔ199Hg/Δ201Hg ratio of 1.05 was found in tree biomasses,suggesting that mercury has undergone Hg(Ⅱ)photoreduction processes.A Hg-isotope based binary mixing model suggests that Hg in the tree biomasses mainly originated from foliage uptake of atmospheric Hg0,constituting 67%,80%,and 77%of Hg in wood,branch,and bark,*** study sheds new light on the transportation and sources of Hg in the subtropical forest ecosystems.

关键词： Hg Subtropical forest ecosystem Hg stable isotope Hg-isotope based binary mixing model

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