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Evidentiary discrepancies in sexual assault casework within the US

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Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第4期6卷 189-194页

作者： Chinyere M.williams Department of chemistry and Forensics nottingham Trent UniversitynottinghamUK

In recent years,a significant number of investigations have discovered up to 200000 unsubmitted sexual assault kits(SAks)in the *** the public outcry was largely directed towards DNA analysis,the SAks also contained biological specimens specifically designated for toxicological *** to the sensitivity of analytes in potential drug facilitated sexual assaults,the preservation and maintenance of the specimens is crucial in providing accurate toxicological *** investigations into the unsubmitted SAks have identified subjective law enforcement officer(LEO)rationale for the unsubmitted kits,however the impact on toxicological specimens has not been *** brief review of policies and guidelines with respect to forensic specimens has identified potential sources of evidentiary degradation,despite the use of chemical *** respect to temperature-controlled environments,the variation in SAk submission policies established throughout the US are potentially detrimental to the preservation of toxicological *** as a result of time-delayed collection and poorly maintained storage temperatures plays a crucial role for/in the interpretation of qualitative and quantitative toxicological *** review finds these delays can be addressed through modernisation of facilities;electronic tracking of unsubmitted SAks;mandated transfer of biological evidence within 72 h;and documentation of temperature within the chain of custody or other *** identifying the range of temperatures in which the evidence was exposed,forensic toxicologists may unintentionally provide erroneous interpretations of toxicological analyses-potentially casting doubt on the survivor’s recall of events and negatively impacting future sexual assault investigations.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic toxicology drug-facilitated sexual assault DFSA chemical submission SANE SART

Intelligent Control for Improvements in PEM Fuel Cell Flow Performance

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2008年第2期5卷 145-151页

作者： Jonathan G williams David Rees Faculty of Advanced Technology University of Glamorgan

The performance of fuel cells and the vehicle applications they are embedded into depends on a delicate balance of the correct temperature, humidity, reactant pressure, purity and flow rate. This paper successfully investigates the problem related to flow control with implementation on a single cell membrane electrode assembly （MEA）. This paper presents a systematic approach for performing system identification using recursive least squares identification to account for the non-linear parameters of the fuel cell. Then, it presents a fuzzy controller with a simplified rule base validated against real time results with the existing flow controller which calculates the flow required from the stoichiometry value.

关键词： Fuel cell fuzzy system identification flow control

Bethe-Salpeter equations: mesons beyond the rainbow-ladder truncation

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Chinese Physics C 2010年第9期34卷 1500-1503页

作者： Richard williams Christian S.Fischer Institute for Nuclear Physics Darmstadt University of Technology GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH

We investigate masses of light mesons from a coupled system of Dyson–Schwinger （DSE） and Bethe– Salpeter equations （BSE）,taking into account dominant non-Abelian,sub-leading Abelian,and dominant pion cloud contributions to the dressed quark-gluon *** axial-vector Ward-Takahashi identity preserving Bethe-Salpeter kernel is constructed and the spectrum of light mesons *** model goes significantly beyond the *** find that sub-leading Abelian corrections are further dynamically suppressed,and that our results supersede early qualitative predictions from simple truncation schemes.

关键词： Dyson-Schwinger equations Bethe-Salpeter equations light-mesons beyond rainbow-ladder

Consequences of fractal grade distribution for bulk sorting of a copper porphyry deposit

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第4期6卷 477-480页

作者： Peter Coghill David Miljak Elizabeth williams CSIRO Mineral Resources Flagship

We show the presence of fractal ordering of copper grade in bore core data at short range in the Cadia Ridgeway porphyry deposit and measure its persistence after mining by monitoring the output of the mine every 20 s for a month using a large scale, zero field magnetic resonance sensor. A simple model is used to investigate this connection and its consequences for sorting of the ore. Fractal distributions, and their associated power laws, have two features highly favourable for segregating ore： a large proportion of low-grade pods and the large scale spatial clustering of grade.

关键词： FractalMagnetic resonanceCopperPorphyry

Utilizing zebrafish and okadaic acid to study Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第9期13卷 1538-1541页

作者： Daniel koehler Frederick E.williams Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics University of Toledo

Despite the many years of extensive research using rodent models to study Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, no cure or disease halting drug exists. An increasing number of people are suffering from the disease and a therapeutic intervention is needed. Therefore, it is necessary to have complementary models to aid in the drug discovery. The zebrafish animal model is emerging as a valuable model for the investigation of AD and neurodegenerative drug discovery. The main genes involved in human AD have homologous counter- parts in zebrafish and have conserved function. The basic brain structure of the zebrafish is also conserved when compared to the mammalian brain. Recently an AD model was established by administering okadaic acid to zebrafish. It was used to test the efficacy of a novel drug, lanthionine ketimine-5-ethyl ester, and to elucidate its mechanism of action. This demonstrated the ability of the okadaic acid-induced AD zebrafish model to be implemented in the drug discovery process for therapeutics against AD.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Zebrafish okadaic acid protein phosphatase 2A learning and memory lanthionine ketimine-5-ethyl ester

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甘肃省熊蜂分布特征及其影响因素

中国蜂业 2024年第8期15卷 13-13页

作者：安建东 Naeem M Chen H Li W Hughes AC williams PH Bashir NH Miao Z Huang J An J 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所

近日，中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所联合曲靖师范学院等单位科研人员发现甘肃省熊蜂呈现四大生物地理区系，净初级生产力是影响熊蜂多样性分布的最主要因素。该研究成果在线发表在《昆虫(Insects)》上。熊蜂是众多植物的传粉者，在陆地生... 详细信息

近日，中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所联合曲靖师范学院等单位科研人员发现甘肃省熊蜂呈现四大生物地理区系，净初级生产力是影响熊蜂多样性分布的最主要因素。该研究成果在线发表在《昆虫(Insects)》上。熊蜂是众多植物的传粉者，在陆地生态系统中发挥着十分重要的作用。明确影响熊蜂分布的因素对于熊蜂多样性保护至关重要。

关键词： Gansu biodiversity biogeographic regionalization bumblebees canonical correspondence analysis

Late Cryogenian glaciation in South Australia:Fluctuating ice margin and no extreme or rapid post-glacial sea-level rise

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第4期10卷 1397-1408页

作者： George E.williams Victor A.Gostin Department of Earth Sciences University of Adelaide

Postulated extreme sea-level rise of up to 1-1.5 km with the late Cryogenian Ghaub deglaciation in Namibia is contentious,as is the great rapidity(<104 yr)of the sea-level *** extreme glacioeustatic events,if real,wou... 详细信息

Postulated extreme sea-level rise of up to 1-1.5 km with the late Cryogenian Ghaub deglaciation in Namibia is contentious,as is the great rapidity(kilometres to the south,~30 m of siltstone and sandstone followed by^6 m of clast-poor diamictite with clasts 10+cm long occur between tidal rhythmites and the cap *** hundred kilo metres further south,~70 m of siltsto ne,dolo mitic siltstone and minor dolomite separate tidal rhythmites and early Ediacaran *** the rhythmites were deposited during a high stand(interstadial or interglacial),not during post-glacial sea-level ***-generated erosional surfaces within tidal rhythmites at Warren Gorge indicate intermittent rhythmite deposition,and water depth and other palaeoenvironmental factors are uncertain,casting doubt on a published estimate of rapid sea-level rise during rhythmite *** lack of late Cryogenian deeply incised valleys and thick valley-fill deposits in South Australia and central Australia argues against extreme sea-level variations.A hiatus occurred between Elatina deglaciation and deposition of the Nuccaleena cap carbonate,and three palaeomagnetic polarity chrons identified in the cap carbonate imply slow deposition spanning 10^5-10^6 *** is supported by independent evidence from magnetic chronostratigraphy for Ediacaran strata in South Australia and Califo

关键词： Late Cryogenian glaciation Sea level Adelaide Rift Complex Elatina Formation Nuccaleena Formation

COMPUTATION OF STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS BY THE SUB-REGION MIXED FINITE ELEMENT METHOD OF LINES

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2007年第2期20卷 149-162页

作者： Yuan Si Xu Yongjun williams F W Department of Civil Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Structural Engineering Division Cardiff University Cardiff CF2 3TB UK

Based on the sub-region generalized variationM principle, a sub-region mixed version of the newly-developed semi-analytical ＇finite element method of lines＇（FEMOL） is proposed in this paper for accurate and efficient computation of stress intensity factors （SIFs） of two-dimensional notches/cracks. The circular regions surrounding notch/crack tips are taken as the complementary energy region in which a number of leading terms of singular solutions for stresses are used, with the sought SIFs being among the unknown coefficients. The rest of the arbitrary domain is taken as the potential energy region in which FEMOL is applied to obtain approximate displacements. A mixed system of ordinary differential equations （ODEs） and algebraic equations is derived via the sub-region generalized variational principle. A singularity removal technique that eliminates the stress parameters from the mixed equation system eventually yields a standard FEMOL ODE system, the solution of which is no longer singular and is simply and efficiently obtained using a standard general-purpose ODE solver. A number of numerical examples, including bi-material notches/cracks in anti-plane and plane elasticity, are given to show the generally excellent performance of the proposed method.

关键词： stress intensity factors finite element method of lines sub-region generalized variational principle ordinary differential equation solver

Efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty following incisional glaucoma surgery

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第1期11卷 71-76页

作者： Robert Allan Sharpe Leah L kammerdiener David B.williams Sudeep k.Das Matthew J.Nutaitis Department of Ophthalmology Storm Eye InstituteMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth Carolina 29425USA Jacksonville Naval Hospital JacksonvilleFlorida 32214USA

AIM： To evaluate the efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty（SLT） in glaucomatous eyes with previous incisional glaucoma surgery. METHODS： A retrospective cohort of eyes that underwent SLT at a single institution from 2013-2015 were followed for 1 y. Reduction in intraocular pressure（IOP） following SLT was evaluated in eyes with prior trabeculectomy with Ex Press mini shunt（Alcon, Ft Worth, TX, USA）, Ahmed valve（New World Medical, Cucamonga, CA, USA）, or combined phacoemulsification-trabeculectomy. A control group was included with eyes without prior surgery that underwent SLT. Success was defined as 〉20% drop in IOP from pre-SLT baseline. RESULTS： One-hundred and six eyes were included with 53 in both the prior glaucoma surgery（PGS） and no prior glaucoma surgery（NPGS） groups. Mean pre-SLT IOP was 19.2±4.3 and 20.6±6.0 mm Hg for PGS and NPGS groups, respectively（P=0.17）. Both groups produced statistically significant IOP reductions at 1 and 6 mo（P〈0.04）. At 6 mo, mean IOP reduction reached 7.3% and 10.8% for the PGS and NPGS groups, respectively（P=0.42）. Overall, 27.9% and 31.7% of eyes in PGS and NPGS groups met success criteria at 1 y（P=0.70）. In the PGS group, eyes with baseline IOP ≥21 mm Hg had IOP reductions of 18.1%（P〈0.001）, 16.7%（P〈0.01）, and 8.4%（P=0.31） compared to eyes with baseline IOP 〈21 mm Hg who had IOP reductions of 2.3%（P=0.39）, 3.4%（P=0.19）, and 1.1%（P=0.72） at 1, 6 mo, and 1 y, respectively. CONCLUSION： SLT is efficacious in eyes with prior incisional glaucoma surgery and results in similar IOP reductions compared to eyes without PGS. A larger IOP reduction is observed following SLT in eyes with higher pre-SLT IOP.

关键词： glaucoma selective laser trabeculoplasty trabeculectomy Ahmed glaucoma valve intraocular pressure