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Ma.s Limit of Neutron Sta.

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Interna.iona. Journa. of a.tronomy a.d a.trophysics 2014年第2期4卷 414-418页

作者： jehangir a.ma. dar Inventor a. Depa.tment of USIC/EDC University of Kashmir Hazratbal Srinagar India

The ma.s limit of neutron sta. ha. still rema.ned a.mystery. The existing Tolma.-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equa.ion for ca.cula.ing the limit a.wa.s gives different va.ues, by introducing different a.sumptions a.d ha.ing been predicted like 0.7 Mo, 3.2 Mo, 3.6 Mo, where Mo = 1.98 × 1030 Kg. There is a.need of some better technique to a.opt other tha. TOV rela.ion to seek out the va.ue. In this pa.er, a.new rela.ion between the ma.s of the colla.sing sta. a.d its a.era.e density ρ′ ha. been derived a.d used to ca.cula.e the limit of neutron sta.. The conditions in ra.ii between Schwa.z Child’s ra.ius a.d the a.tua. ra.ius of the colla.sing sta. ha.e been introduced to ca.cula.e the ma.s of sta. a.ove which it will tra.sform into a.bla.k hole a.d below it to a.neutron sta.. a.new consta.t, JN = 8.53707554 × 1039 N-3/2s-3Kg3 ha. been proposed with which if we introduce the a.era.e density of the colla.sing neutron sta., its ma.s limit ca. be ca.cula.ed very ea.ily. By putting the most possible ma.s density, which is the minimum required density for a.colla.sing sta. to tra.sform into the bla.k hole, it ha. been found tha. the ma.s limit of neutron sta. is quite higher tha. it ha. been a.sumed. The definition for bla.k hole ha. a.so been re-defined on the ba.is of sa.d ra.ii conditions.

关键词： Bla.k Hole Neutron Sta. Schwa.z Child’s Ra.ius Rela.ion Degenera.y Pressure Event Horizon FCC a.d HCP La.tices a.d TOV Equa.ion

Pa.terns a.d drivers of tree ca.bon stocks in Ka.hmir Hima.a.a. forests:implica.ions for clima.e cha.ge mitiga.ion

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Ecologica. Processes 2022年第1期11卷 812-824页

作者： a.ha. a.ma. dar Na.a.a.a.wa.y Pa.tha.a.a.hy Depa.tment of Ecology a.d Environmenta. Sciences School of Life SciencesPondicherry UniversityPuducherry 605014India

Ba.kground:Tempera.e forests a.e ma.or ca.bon sinks beca.se of their high stora.e potentia. a.d low decomposi-tion *** qua.tified tree ca.bon(TC)stora.e from 143 plots distributed a.ross three ma.or forest types of Ka.hmir Hima.a.a.rela.ive to differences in ecologica. *** regression a.d Ra.dom Forest(RF)a.a.ysis were used to exa.ine the distribution of TC stock a.ong ecologica. gra.ients a.d recognize the role of driving fa.tors on TC ***:a.ong the three forest types,sub-a.pine(Sa.forest wa. the prima.y TC sink,a.counting for 228.73 t ha.(−1)of ca.bon,followed by mixed conifer(MC;181.29 t C ha.(−1))a.d blue pine(BP;133.04 t C ha.(−1))*** distribution of TC stocks a.ong the three forest types differed significa.tly(χ^(2)=18.87;P=0.000).Rela.ive ca.bon stock a.a.ysis demonstra.ed tha. a.ies pindrow a.d Pinus wa.lichia.a.a.counted 91%of TC stocks a.ross the *** a.ea.mea. dia.eter a. brea.t height(DBH),eleva.ion,disturba.ce a.d precipita.ion ha. significa.t effects on TC stocks in biva.ia.e regression *** RF model expla.ned 86%of the va.ia.ion;ba.a. a.ea.interpreted 30.15%,followed by mea. DBH(17.96%),disturba.ce complex(10.64%),precipita.ion(8.00%)a.d eleva.ion(7.34%).Conclusions:Ka.hmir Hima.a.a. forests a.e significa.t ca.bon sinks a. they store a.substa.tia. qua.tum of ca.bon in *** ca.bon,a. essentia. clima.ic indica.or,is determined by a.complex intera.tion of other ecologica. va.i-a.les,pa.ticula.ly sta.d structura. *** study provides insights into the role of these na.ura. forests in clima.e cha.ge mitiga.ion a.d in REDD+/na.iona. commitments to offset the ca.bon.

关键词： Ca.bon stock Clima.e cha.ge Coniferous forest Disturba.ce Ka.hmir Hima.a.a Sta.d structure

Genera.ized Deriva.ions in Rings with Involution

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a.gebra.Colloquium 2017年第3期24卷 393-399页

作者： Na.eem a.ma. dar a.dul Na.im Kha. Depa.tment of Computer Science a.d Engineering Isla.ic University of Science a.d Technology J & K India Depa.tment of Ma.hema.ics Faculty of Science & Arts in Rabigh King Abdulaziz University Saudi Arabia

The ma.n purpose of this pa.er is to study genera.ized deriva.ions in rings with involution which beha.e like strong commuta.ivity preserving ma.pings. In fa.t, we prove the following result： Let R be a.noncommuta.ive prime ring with involution of the second kind such tha. cha.（R） ≠ 2. If R a.mits a.genera.ized deriva.ion F ： R → R a.socia.ed with a.deriva.ion d ： R → R such tha. [F（x）,F（x＊）] - [x,x＊] = 0 for a.l x ∈ R, then F（x）= x for a.l x ∈ R or F（x） = -x for a.l x ∈ R. Moreover, a.rela.ed result is a.so obta.ned.

关键词： prime ring genera.ized deriva.ion involution

Improved hybrid position/force controller design of a.flexible robot ma.ipula.or using a.sliding observer

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Journa. of Systems Engineering a.d Electronics 2009年第1期20卷 146-158页

作者： Fa.ooq M Wa.g Da.bo dar N. U Coll. of a.toma.ion Engineering Nanjing Univ. of Aeronautics & Astronautics Nanjing 210016 P. R. China Coll. of Mecha.ica. Engineering Univ. of Engineering and Technology Taxila Pakistan

a. improved hybrid position/force controller design of a.flexible robot ma.ipula.or is presented using a.sliding observer. The friction between the end effector a.d the environment is considered a.d compensa.ed. For systema.ic rea.ons the controller is designed ta.ing into considera.ion the rigid link subsystems a.d the flexible joints. The proposed control system sa.isfies the sta.ility of the two subsystems a.d copes with the uncerta.nty of robot dyna.ics. a.sliding observer is designed to estima.e the time deriva.ive of the torque a.plied a. input to the rigid pa.t of the robot. For the sta.ility of the observer, it is a.sumed tha. the uncerta.nty of the observed system is bounded. a.MRa. a.gorithm is used for the estima.ion of the friction forces a. the conta.t point between the end effector a.d the environment. Fina.ly simula.ion a.d experimenta. results a.e given, to demonstra.e the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

关键词： force control sliding control Lya.unov sta.ility robot end effector friction force.

a.sembly a.d electrochemica. testing of renewa.le ca.bon-ba.ed a.odes in SIBs:a.pra.tica. guide

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Journa. of Energy Chemistry 2022年第12期75卷 457-477,I0012页

作者： darío a.vira.Da.iel a.torán Joa. JMa.yà a.a.ón Institute of Engineering Resea.ch(I3a. Thermochemical Processes GroupUniversity of ZaragozaEscuela Politécnica Superior22071 HuescaSpain

Sodium-ion ba.teries(SIBs)a.e considered a. a.promising ca.dida.e to repla.e lithium-ion ba.teries(LIBs)in la.ge-sca.e energy stora.e *** sodium resources a.d simila. working principles ma.e this technology a.tra.tive to be implemented in the nea. ***,the development of high-performa.ce ca.bon a.odes is a.foca. point to the upcoming success of SIBs in terms of power density,cycling sta.ility,a.d *** knowledge in electrochemica. a.d physicochemica. techniques is required to properly eva.ua.e the a.ode performa.ce a.d move it in the right *** review a.ms a. providing a.comprehensive guideline to help resea.chers from different ba.kgrounds(e.g.,na.oma.eria.s a.d thermochemistry)to delve into this *** ma.n components,la. configura.ions,procedures,a.d working principles of SIBs a.e ***,a.deta.led description of the most used electrochemica. a.d physicochemica. techniques to cha.a.terize electrochemica.ly a.tive ma.eria.s is provided.

关键词： Sodium-ion ba.tery a.ode Ha.d ca.bon Electrochemica. techniques Ca.bon cha.a.teriza.ion

Comprehensive isotopic cha.a.teriza.ion of the hydrologica. processes of the Indus river ba.in(IRB):a.compa.ison between Upper Indus Ba.in(UIB)a.d Lower Indus Ba.in(LIB)

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Journa. of Mounta.n Science 2023年第3期20卷 705-723页

作者： a.hta. Ja.a. Ta.veer dar Sudhir KUMa. Na.hiketa.Ra. Depa.tment of Ea.th Sciences Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkee 247667India Na.iona. Institute of Hydrology Roorkee 247667India

The Indus river ba.in(IRB)is one of the most depleted wa.er ba.ins globa.ly,ha.ing significa.t cha.lenges for its wa.er *** of sta.le isotope composition(δ^(18)O a.d δ^(2)H)a.ross IRB is a.critica. a.pect tha. ca. provide deeper insights for investiga.ing complex hydrologica. *** work a.a.yses the spa.ia. pa.tern of the isotopic signa.ure using a.comprehensive compila.ion of a.a.la.le da.a.ets of the Globa. Network of Isotopes in River(GNIR)a.d Globa. Network of Isotopes in Precipita.ion(GNIP),a.ong with the previously published isotopic studies in the Indus ***,this work provides a.deta.led compa.ison of the isotopic signa.ure of the Upper Indus Ba.in(UIB),a.d Lower Indus Ba.in(LIB).The IRBs wa.erline wa. found to beδ^(2)H=7.89×δ^(18)O+13.51,which shows a.close simila.ity with the Globa. Meteoric Wa.er Line(GMWL),indica.ing the meteoric origin of the wa.er with insignifica.t secondary eva.ora.ion preva.ling a.ross the *** Ma.n Indus Cha.nel(MIC)river wa.er line(δ^(2)H=8.88×δ^(18)O+26.05)indica.es a.ma.or contribution from the meteoric origin(precipita.ion/ra.n)of wa.er with minima. effect of eva.ora.ion *** wa.er line for UIB sa.ples,(δ^(2)H=7.88×δ^(18)O+11.94)wa. found to be modera.ely higher in slope tha. LIB sa.ples(δ^(2)H=7.17×δ^(18)O+7.16).However,the slopes of both UIB a.d LIB river wa.er lines closely a.proa.hed the slope of GMWL a.d were consistent with the slope of IRB wa.er line,which indica.es simila.ity in contribution of wa.er *** higher slope a.d intercept in UIB suggest tha. meteoric wa.er sources contributed to strea.flow *** snow/gla.ier with insignifica.t eva.otra.spira.ion,which is a.so va.ida.ed by the sca.ce vegeta.ion cover in the ***,the lower slope a.d intercept in LIB suggest strea. wa.er contribution from significa.tly eva.ora.ed groundwa.er a.d precipita.ion with a.complete homogeniza.ion of discha.ge coming from the *** substa.tia.e tha. distinct isotopi

关键词： Isotopes Spa.ia. va.ia.ility India. summer monsoon Western Disturba.ce Indus river Wa.er

Proba.ilistic Seismic Risk a.sessment in Ma.iza.es,Colombia. Qua.tifying Losses for Insura.ce Purposes

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Disa.ter Risk Science 2017年第3期8卷 296-307页

作者： Ma.io a. Sa.ga.o-Gálvez Ga.riel a. Berna. Da.iela.Zuloa.a.Ma.el C. Ma.ula.da.Oma.-darío Ca.dona.Seba.tián Hena. Centre Interna.iona. de Metodes Numerics en Enginyeria.CIMNE) 08034 BarcelonaSpain INGENIa. Ltda. BogotaD.C.110221Colombia Instituto de Estudios a.bienta.es(IDEa. Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede ManizalesManizales 170004Colombia Universida. Na.iona. de Colombia.Sede Ma.iza.es Manizales 170004Colombia

a.fully proba.ilistic seismic risk a.sessment wa. developed in Ma.iza.es, Colombia. considering a.sets of different types. The first type includes elements tha. a.e pa.t of the wa.er a.d sewa.e network, a.d the second type includes public a.d priva.e buildings. This a.sessment required the development of a.proba.ilistic seismic ha.a.d a.a.ysis tha. a.counts for the dyna.ic soil response,a.sembling high resolution exposure da.a.a.es, a.d the development of da.a.e models for different types of elements. The economic a.pra.sa. of the exposed a.sets wa. developed together with specia.ists of the wa.er utilities compa.y of Ma.iza.es a.d the city a.ministra.ion. The risk a.sessment wa. performed using severa. Comprehensive a.proa.h to Proba.ilistic Risk a.sessment modules a. well a. the R-System, obta.ning results in terms of tra.itiona. metrics such a. loss exceeda.ce curve, a.era.e a.nua. loss, a.d proba.le ma.imum loss. For the ca.e of pipelines, repa.r ra.es were a.so estima.ed. The results for the wa.er a.d sewa.e network were used in a.tivities rela.ed to the expa.sion a.d ma.ntena.ce stra.egies, a. well a. for the explora.ion of fina.cia. retention a.d tra.sfer a.terna.ives using insura.ce schemes ba.ed on technica.,proba.ilistic, a.d prospective da.a.e a.d loss *** the ca.e of the buildings, the results were used in the upda.e of the technica. premium va.ues of the existing collective insura.ce scheme.

关键词： Ca.RA Ea.thqua.e insura.ce Ma.iza.es (Colombia. Proba.ilistic seismic risk a.sessment Risk retention a.d tra.sfer

Morphotectonic a.d Lithostra.igra.hic a.a.ysis of Intermonta.e Ka.ewa.Ba.in of Ka.hmir Hima.a.a.,India

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Journa. of Mounta.n Science 2013年第1期10卷 1-15页

作者： Reya. a.ma. dar Ra.esh CHa.DRa.Sha.il a.ma. ROMSHOO Depa.tment of Ea.th Sciences The University of Kashmir

Morpho-tectonic study pla.s a. importa.t role in deciphering the effects of tectonic a.tivity in the geomorphic evolution of the dra.na.e *** wa.ershed forms one of the ma.or wa.ersheds of the intermonta.e Ka.ewa.Ba.in of Ka.hmir *** Ka.ewa.sediments a.e cha.a.terized by gla.io-fluvio-la.ustrine deposits ca.ped by the a.olia. *** geomorphic,morphometric a.d lithostra.igra.hic studies of these ca. deposits ha.e been ca.ried out to elucida.e the effect of tectonics on the geomorphic evolution of Romushi *** ma.ping wa. ca.ried out using GPS mea.urements,DEM a. 30m resolution,Topogra.hic Position Index(TPI) model,topogra.hic ma.s,La.DSa. TM Ima.ery a.d field *** a.d morphotectonic a.a.yses in GIS environment were used to ca.cula.e va.ious geomorphic indices(Mounta.n Front Sinuosity Index,Bifurca.ion Ra.io,a.ymmetry Fa.tor,River Profile,etc).These indices revea. tha. the tectonic uplift observed in the region due to Hima.a.a. orogeny coupled with ma.s movement a.d a.olia. deposition ha.e domina.ed the la.dsca.e evolution of intermonta.e Ka.ewa.Ba.in of Ka.hmir throughout the La.e Qua.erna.y *** da.a.from lithostra.igra.hic mea.urements were a.a.yzed to understa.d the geomorphic evolution of intermonta.e Ka.ewa.*** da.a.revea.ed tha. the ba.in ha. experienced differentia. uplift a.d erosion ra.es from time to time in the geologica. *** wa. corrobora.ed by the results from the morphometric a.d morphotectonic a.a.ysis.

关键词： Hima.a.a. Morphometry Wa.ershed Morphotectonics Intermonta.e ba.in Remote Sensing Dra.na.e ba.in Digita. eleva.ion model

Ra.e ea.th element(REE) geochemistry of phosphorites of the Sonra. a.ea.of Pa.eoproterozoic Bija.a. ba.in,Utta. Pra.esh,India

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Journa. of Ra.e Ea.ths 2012年第5期30卷 507-514页

作者： K.F.Kha. Sha.im a.dar Sa.f a.Kha. Depa.tment of Geology Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh-202002Uttar PradeshIndia

The ra.e ea.th element（REE） da.a.from the Pa.eoproterozoic Bija.a. ba.in,Sonra. phosphorites were used to interpret the depositiona. conditions of the *** post a.chea. a.stra.ia. sha.es（Pa.S） norma.ized REE pa.terns of the Sonra. phosphorites were cha.a.terized by nega.ive Ce a.d positive Eu *** ra.e ea.th elements（MREE）-enrichment wa. a.cha.a.teristic *** showing the dia.enetic effects on the REE pa.terns were *** observed Eu a.oma.y wa. indica.ive of a. a.oxic（or sulpha.e reducing） dia.enetic environment of phospha.e *** of sea.wa.er a.d upwelling during the Pa.eoproterozoic wa. responsible for the recording of positive Eu a.d nega.ive Ce a.oma.ies in the Sonra. phosphorites.

关键词： ra.e ea.th elements geochemistry phosphorites Sonra. Bija.a. ba.in Ce a.oma.y Eu a.oma.y