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npj Computational Materials 2017年第1期3卷 417-423页

作者： Zachary M.Gibbs Francesco Ricci Guodong Li Hong Zhu Kristin Persson Gerbrand Ceder Geoffroy Hautier Anubhav Jain G.jeffrey snyder California Institute of Technology Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringPasadenaCAUSA Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences(IMCN) Universitécatholique de LouvainChemin desétoiles 8bte L7.03.01Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium Department of Materials science and Engineering Northwestern University2220 Campus DriveEvanstonILUSA Department of Materials science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueMassachusettsMAUSA Lawrence Berkeley National Lab 1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCAUSA

The effective mass is a convenient descriptor of the electronic band structure used to characterize the density of states and electron transport based on a free electron *** effective mass is an excellent first-order descriptor in real systems,the exact value can have several definitions,each of which describe a different aspect of electron *** we use Boltzmann transport calculations applied to ab initio band structures to extract a density-of-states effective mass from the seebeck Coefficient and an inertial mass from the electrical conductivity to characterize the band structure irrespective of the exact scattering *** identify a Fermi surface Complexity Factor:N_(v)^(*)K^(*) from the ratio of these two masses,which in simple cases depends on the number of Fermi surface pockets eN_(v)^(*) T and their anisotropy K^(*),both of which are beneficial to high thermoelectric performance as exemplified by the high values found in *** Fermi surface Complexity factor can be used in high-throughput search of promising thermoelectric materials.

关键词： mechanism materials Fermi

Comments by opponents on the British Medical Association’s guidance on non-therapeutic male circumcision of children seem one-sided and may undermine public health

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2023年第5期12卷 244-262页

作者： stephen Moreton Guy Cox Mark sheldon stefan A Bailis jeffrey D Klausner Brian J Morris CircFacts Warrington WA51HYCheshireUnited Kingdom Australian Centre for Microscopy&Microanalysis and school of Aeronautical Mechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydney 2006New South WalesAustralia Medical Humanities and Bioethics Program Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60661United States Cornerstone Therapy&Recovery Center St.PaulMN 55101United States Department of Medicine Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States school of Medical sciences University of SydneySydney 2006New South WalesAustralia

The British Medical Association(BMA)guidance on non-therapeutic circumcision(NTMC)of male children is limited to ethical,legal and religious *** we evaluate criticisms of the BMA’s guidance by Lempert et *** their arguments promoting autonomy and consent might be superficially appealing,their claim of high procedural risks and negligible benefits seem one-sided and contrast with high quality evidence of low risk and lifelong *** literature reviews by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the United states Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in developing evidence-based policies,as well as risk-benefit analyses,have found that the medical benefits of infant NTMC greatly exceed the risks,and there is no reduction in sexual function and *** BMA’s failure to consider the medical benefits of early childhood NTMC may partly explain why this prophylactic intervention is discouraged in the United *** consequence is higher prevalence of preventable infections,adverse medical conditions,suffering and net costs to the UK’s National Health service for treatment of *** of the issues and contradictions in the BMA guidance identified by Lempert et al stem from the BMA’s guidance not being sufficiently ***,that document called for a review by others of the medical issues surrounding *** societal factors apply,ultimately,NTMC can only be justified rationally on scientific,evidence-based *** are entitled to an accurate presentation of the medical evidence so that they can make an informed *** decision either for or against NTMC should then be respected.

关键词： Circumcision,Male Child Infections Risk Policy Public health

Major comorbid disease processes associated with increased incidence of acute kidney injury

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World Journal of Nephrology 2016年第2期5卷 139-146页

作者： salwa Farooqi jeffrey G Dickhout Faculty of Health sciences McM aster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton Department of Medicine Division of Nephrology Mc Master University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton

Acute kidney injury （AKI） is commonly seen amongst critically ill and hospitalized patients. Individuals with certain co-morbid diseases have an increased risk of developing AKI. Thus, recognizing the co-morbidities that predispose patients to AKI is important in AKI prevention and treatment. some of the most common co-morbid disease processes that increase the risk of AKI are diabetes, cancer, cardiac surgery and human immunodefciency virus （HIV） acquired immune defciency syndrome （AIDs）. This review article identifies the increased risk of acquiring AKI with given co-morbid diseases. Furthermore, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AKI in relation to co-morbid diseases are discussed to understand how the risk of acquiring AKI is increased. This paper reviews the effects of various co-morbid diseases including： Diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease and HIV AIDs, which all exhibit a significant increased risk of developing AKI. Amongst these co-morbid diseases, inflammation, the use of nephrotoxic agents, and hypoperfusion to the kidneys have been shown to be major pathological processes that predisposes individuals to AKI. The pathogenesis of kidney injury is complex, however, effective treatment of the co-morbid disease processes may reduce its risk. Therefore, improved management of co-morbid diseases may prevent some of the underlying pathology that contributes to the increased risk of developing AKI.

关键词： Acute kidney injury Kidney disease Human immunodefciency virus Co-morbidities Diabetes Cancer Cardiac surgery Acquired immune defciency syndrome Risk factors Immune response Cardiovascular disease

George Lamming＇s In the Castle of My skin： A Littoral Figure Discovers self-Identity and Authorial Language

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Journal of Literature and Art studies 2012年第4期2卷 431-453页

作者： K. K. jeffrey Hampton University Hampton USA

In In the Castle of My skin （hereafter Castle）（1983）, the littoral as trope provides a means for discovering Lamming＇s authorial license, one that speaks to postcolonial and phenomenological aims. In this semi-autobiographical novel, Lamming examines self-awareness and the process through which language and self-analysis may take shape on or be inspired by the shore＇s edge. Through the telling of personal stories, discussions of a colonial history, and with allusions to the social privations affecting the immediate community, Lamming represents the changing realities, the main characters （＂G＂ and his friends） experience as they become socially aware; he highlights this transformative rise to consciousness through the use of littoral imagery in Chapters six, Eleven, and Fourteen. In this essay, the author explores these representations using postcolonial, psychoanalytical, and phenomenological approaches, giving particular attention to Chapter six, the longer chapter where Lamming creates a blueprint of the issues to which he will return in Chapters Eleven and Fourteen. Castle epitomizes the ways in which the littoral as trope has the potential to symbolically impact an author＇s text, especially a means for crafting an authorial language that demonstrates a young man＇s rise to consciousness and self-actualization on the shorelines of Barbados before he emigrates abroad.

关键词： littoral George Lamming postcolonial Caribbean/West Indian Literature Critical Theory

Acute exercise is associated with specific executive functions in college students with ADHD:A preliminary study

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Journal of sport and Health science 2015年第1期4卷 89-96页

作者： Jennifer I.Gapin jeffrey D.Labban sara C.Bohall Joshua s.Wooten Yu-Kai Chang Department of Kinesiology and Health Education Southern Illinois University Edwardsville The school of Health and Human sciences Office of ResearchThe University of North Carolina at Greensboro Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching science National Taiwan Sport University

Purpose： The relationship between acute exercise and executive functions in college students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） has not been clearly established. The purpose of this preliminary study was to examine the difference in cognitive performance between college students with and without ADHD and to explore the effects of acute exercise on multiple aspects of executive functions and on serum brain derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）. Methods： College students （normal： n = 10; ADHD： n = 10） performed the stroop Test, Trail Making Test, and Digit span Test prior to and after an acute exercise intervention. Blood samples were obtained prior to the pre-test cognitive test performance and then again after exercise and prior to the post-test cognitive test performance. Results： students with ADHD exhibited impaired executive functions, particularly on inhibition. Additionally, while acute exercise improved all aspects of executive functions in those without ADHD, acute exercise only improved inhibitory performance for those with ADHD. Further, BDNF was not influenced by acute exercise regardless of the subjects＇ ADHD status. Conclusion： These results provide preliminary evidence for exercise as a potential adjunct treatment for benefitting inhibition in college students with ADHD.

关键词： Cognition Executive function Neurotrophins Physical activity

Comparison of outcomes for patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第1期4卷 43-49,I0002页

作者： Udayakumar Navaneethan Preethi GK Venkatesh Ramprasad Jegadeesan Vennisvasanth Lourdusamy jeffrey P Hammel Ravi P Kiran Bo shen Department of Gastroenterology Digestive Disease InstituteThe Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Colorectal surgery Columbia University Medical CenterNew York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNYUSA.

Background:The comparative outcomes of ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis(PsC)are unclear;the aim of our study was to make an objective ***:A total of 273 patients with PsC and inflammatory bowel disease(223 with UC and 50 with CD)were *** and demographic variables were ***:The PsC risk score was similar for both *** median follow-up period in patients with PsC-UC was 12 years(range 0–38)and that for PsC-CD was 14 years(range 1–36).The median number of disease flares per year was higher in PsC-UC patients than in the PsC-CD group[1vs.0(ranges 0–20 and 0–9,respectively);Ps with UC developed colon neoplasia than CD(35.9%vs.18%;P=0.009).On proportional hazards analysis for the risk of colectomy,UC patients had a 12%higher risk for colectomy[hazard ratio(HR)=0.88;95%confidence interval(CI)0.51–1.51;P=0.64].Liver transplantation for PsC was associated with decreased risk(HR=0.57;95%CI 0.37–0.89;P=0.013),while colon neoplasia increased the risk(HR=3.83;95%CI 2.63–5.58;Ps analysis for the risk of colon neoplasia,UC patients had 56%higher risk of developing colon neoplasia than CD(HR=0.44;95%CI 0.16–1.25;P=0.12).Conclusions:PsC patients with CD appear to be associated with a lower risk of colon neoplasia and colectomy than PsC patients with UC.

关键词： primary sclerosing cholangitis ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease colon neoplasia colectomy liver transplantation

status quo of research of coordination agents in cyanide-free Alkaline Zinc-Nickel alloy electroplating baths

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Status quo of research of coordination agents in cyanide-fre...

semi-Automated Method for Multi-Tasking Measurement of Microbial Growth, Capsule, and Biofilm Formation

Fifth International Conference on surface Engineering

作者： Lai jeffrey GUANG ZHOU ULTRA UNION CHEMICALs LTD GUANG ZHOUCHINA 510460

In this article,the advantages of zinc-nickel alloy electroplating were *** is indicated that the technological key of zinc-nickel electroplating is selection of coordination agents and *** requests of coordination agents in the zinc-nickel electroplating baths were summarized,which the zinc-nickel alloy can form;the nickel hydroxide compound [Ni（OH）2] might prevent;the metallic distribution is uniform at different current *** available coordination agent’s kind is *** coordination agent’s roles are discussed by thermodynamic and kinetic *** methods of selecting of coordination agents are inferred:1) the equilibrium constant of formative metallic complex must have medium value,e.g.k=nx10-8～nx10-16;2) the formative coordinated nickel complex is provided with electrode surface ***,the combined coordination agents are recommended that is combination by tartrate with polyamine;or using some polyamine;or adopting organic polyphosphate coordination agent:example HEDP（1-hydroxy Ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid）,etc.

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Advances in Microbiology 2012年第4期2卷 623-628页

作者： Derek T. Kirby Craigory J. Raino samuel F. Rabor Jr. Cassandra J. Wasson Balbina J. plotkin Department of Microbiology and Immunology Midwestern University Downers Grove USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology Midwestern University Downers Grove USA

The majority of bacterial infections involve the formation of biofilms. Biofilm formation is nutrient and growth dependent. Determination of the effects of nutrients on exopolysaccharide production and bacterial growth is labor and time intensive. We tested whether the Bioscreen C (Growth Curves, Inc.) would have utility as a high-throughput tool in the measurement of fundamental phenotype expression, as it relates to growth conditions. Within 48 - 72 hr, reproduceble, statistically significant data on the affects of growth conditions on generation time, capsule production and biofilm formation (maximally for 25 different conditions per 24 hr run cycle;n = 4) were obtained. Although all s. aureus strains produced similar amounts of capsule, sarA– and agr– strains grew significantly slower than parent strain (1.6 fold slower) and produced significantly (p 0.05) less biofilm (~2 fold). E. coli growth rate, biofilm and capsule production in simulated nephropathic urine medium was similar for urine with insulin (20 μU). Addition of insulin to urine medium with proline increased generation time, capsule and biofilm production. Findings from this study show that the Bioscreen C is a rapid, reproducible, and easily manipulated system to concurrently measure bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and capsule production. In addition, there is the potential for further applications of this system by expanding the types of detector dyes used.

关键词： Biofilm staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli Quorum-signaling Compounds Menaquinone Insulin Growth

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乳腺癌新辅助化疗的再思考

英国医学杂志中文版 2018年第11期21卷 633-636页

作者： Jayant s Vaidya samuele Massarut Hrisheekesh J Vaidya Emma C Alexander Thomas Richards Jochem A Caris Bhawna sirohi jeffrey s Tobias 程琳(译) 陈雷(校) Division of surgery and Interventional science University College LondonLondonUK 北京大学人民医院肝胆外科 Department of surgery Whittington HospitalRoyal Free Hospital and University College London HospitalLondonUK Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano AvianoItaly Impeerial College school of Medicine Imperial College LondonLondonUK GKT school of Medical Education King's College LondonLondonUK Department of Clinical Oncology University College London HospitalLondonUK Department of surgery Whittington HospitalLondonUK Department of Medical Oncology Barts Heahh NHS TrustLondonUK 北京大学人民医院乳腺外科

质疑乳腺癌新辅助化疗合理性的证据逐渐增多,Jayant Vaidya和同事们认为必须对当下的治疗方案进行再思考。乳腺癌是世界范围内女性最常见的恶性肿瘤。2014年英国有55000名女性被诊断为乳腺癌,其中11000名死于该疾病。早期乳腺癌传统上... 详细信息

质疑乳腺癌新辅助化疗合理性的证据逐渐增多,Jayant Vaidya和同事们认为必须对当下的治疗方案进行再思考。乳腺癌是世界范围内女性最常见的恶性肿瘤。2014年英国有55000名女性被诊断为乳腺癌,其中11000名死于该疾病。早期乳腺癌传统上会应用手术、联合放疗以及必要时辅助系统药物治疗的综合治疗模式。

关键词：早期乳腺癌化疗治疗方案恶性肿瘤世界范围综合治疗药物治疗辅助系统