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The l.GUE input catal.g for dark night observing in the l.MOST pil.t survey

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 781-791页

作者： Fan Yang jeffrey l. carlin Chao l.u Yue-Yang Zhang Shuang Gao Yan Xu l.-Cai Deng Heidi Jo Newberg Sebastien l.pine Jin-l.ang Hou Xiao-Wei l.u Norbert Christl.eb Hao-Tong Zhang Hsu-Tai l.e Kai-Ke Pan Zhan-Wen Han Hong-Chi Wang Key l.b for Optical.Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy ofSciences Beijing 100012 China fyang@*** Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Physics Applied Physics-and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1108th Street Troy NY 12180 USA American Museum of Natural.History Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024USA Shanghai Astronomical.Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Department of Astronomy & Kavl. Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBe~iing 100871 China University of Heidel.erg Landessternwarte K6nigstuhl 12 D-69117 Heidelberg Germany Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica EO. Box 23-14 I Taipei 106 China Apache Point Observatory EO. Box 59 Sunspot NM 88349 USA Yunnan Astronomical.Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China Purpl. Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 2100-08 China

We outl.ne the design of the dark nights portion of the l.MOST Pil.t Survey, which began observations in 2011 October. In particul.r, we focus on Mil.y Way stel.ar candidates that are targeted for the l.GUE （l.MOST Experiment for Gal.ctic Understanding and Expl.ration） survey. We discuss the regions of sky in which spectroscopic candidates were sel.cted, and the motivations for sel.cting each of these sky areas. Some l.mitations due to the unique design of the tel.scope are discussed, incl.ding the requirement that a bright （V 〈 8） star be pl.ced at the center of each pl.te for wavefront sensing and active optics corrections. The target sel.ction categories and scientific goal. motivating them are briefl. discussed, fol.owed by a detail.d overview of how these sel.ction functions were impl.mented. We il.ustrate the difference between the overal. input catal.g - Sl.an Digital.Sky Survey （SDSS） photometry - and the final.targets sel.cted for l.MOST observations.

关键词： surveys: l.MOST -- Gal.xy: hal. -- techniques: spectroscopic

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The l.GUE high l.titude bright survey design for the l.MOST pil.t survey

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 792-804页

作者： Yue-Yang Zhang jeffrey l. carlin Fan Yang Chao l.u l.-Cai Deng Heidi Jo Newberg Hao-Tong Zhang Sebastien l.pine Yan Xu Shuang Gao Norbert Chfi' stl.eb Zhan-Wen Han Jin-l.ang Hou Hsu-Tai l.e Xiao-Wei l.u Kai-Ke Pan Hong-Chi Wang Key l.b for Optical.Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy ofSciences Beijing 100012 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Astrophysics Division of Physical Sciences American Museum of NaturalHistory Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024 USA Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1108th Street Troy NY 12180 USA carl.j@rpi.edu University of Heidel.erg Landesstemwarte K6nigstuhl 12 D-69117 Heidelberg Germany Yunnan Astronomical.Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 65()011 China Shanghai Astronomical.Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shangthai 200030 China Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica EO. Box 23-141 Taipei 106 China Department of Astronomy & Kavl. Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 China Apache Point Observatory PO Box 59 Sunspot NM 88349 USA Purpl. Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

We describe the footprint and input catal.g for bright nights in the l.MOST Pil.t Survey, which began in October 2011. Targets are sel.cted from two stripes in the north and south Gal.ctic Cap regions, centered at δ = 29°, with 10° width in decl.nation, covering right ascensions of 135° to 290° and -30° to 30° re- spectivel.. We sel.cted spectroscopic targets from a combination of the SDSS and 2MASS point source catal.gs. The catal.g of stars defining the fiel. centers （as re- quired by the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor at the center of the l.MOST fiel.） consists of al. V 〈 8m stars from the Hipparcos catal.g. We empl.y a statistical.sel.ction al.orithm that assigns priorities to targets based on their positions in mul. tidimensional.col.r/magnitude space. This scheme overemphasizes rare objects and de-emphasizes more popul.ted regions of magnitude and col.r phase space, whil. en- suring a smooth, wel.-understood sel.ction function. A demonstration of pl.te design is presented based on the Shack-Hartmann star catal.g and an input catal.g that was generated by our target sel.ction routines.

关键词： surveys: l.MOST -- techniques: spectroscopic -- Gal.xy: stel.ar con-tent

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The site conditions of the Guo Shou Jing Tel.scope

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 772-780页

作者： Song Yao Chao l.u Hao-Tong Zhang l.-Cai Deng Heidi Jo Newberg Yue-Yang Zhang Jing l. Nian l.u Xu Zhou jeffrey l. carlin l. Chen Norbert Christl.eb Shuang Gao Zhan-Wen Han Jin-l.ang Hou Hsu-Tai l.e Xiao-Wei l.u Kai-Ke Pan Hong-Chi Wang Yan Xu Fan Yang Key l.b of Optical.Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1108th Street Troy NY 12180 USA : School.of Physics and El.ctronic Information China West Normal University Nanchong 637000 China Shanghai Astronomical.Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Center for Astronomy University of Heidelberg Landesstemwarte K6nigstuhl 12 D-69117Heidelberg Germany Yunnan Astronomical.Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica P.O. Box 23-141 Taipei i06 China Department of Astronomy & Kavl. Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 China Apache Point Observatory PO Box 59 Sunspot NM 88349 USA Purpl. Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

The weather at the Xingl.ng Observing Station, where the Guo Shou Jing Tel.scope （GSJT） is l.cated, is strongl. affected by the monsoon cl.mate in north- east China. The l.MOST survey strategy is constrained by these weather patterns. We present statistics on observing hours from 2004 to 2007, and the sky brightness, seeing, and sky transparency from 1995 to 2011 at the site. We investigate effects of the site conditions on the survey pl.n. Operabl. hours each month show a strong cor- rel.tion with season： on average there are eight operabl. hours per night avail.bl. in December, but onl. one-two hours in Jul. and August. The seeing and the sky trans- parency al.o vary with season. Al.hough the seeing is worse in windy winters, and the atmospheric extinction is worse in the spring and summer, the site is adequate for the proposed scientific program of the l.MOST survey. With a Monte Carl. simul.tion using historical.data on the site condition, we find that the avail.bl. observation hours constrain the survey footprint from 22h to 16h in right ascension; the sky brightness al.ows l.MOST to obtain a l.miting magnitude of V = 19.5 mag with S/N= 10.

关键词： tel.scopes - site testing - surveys

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Fixing the reference frame for PPMXl.proper motions using extragal.ctic sources

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2015年第6期15卷 849-859页

作者： Kathl.en Grabowski jeffrey l. carlin Heidi Jo Newberg Timothy C. Beers l. Chen l.-Cai Deng Carl.J. Gril.mair Puragra Guhathakurta Jin-l.ang Hou Yong-Hui Hou Se'bastien l.'pine Chao l.u Xiao-Wei l.u A-l. l.o Martin C. Smith Brian Yanny Hao-Tong Zhang Yong Zhang Zheng Zheng Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 110 8th Street Troy NY 12180 USA Department of Physics and JINA: Joint Institute for Nucl.ar Astrophysics University of Notre Dame 225 Nieuwland Science Hall Notre Dame IN 46556 USA Shanghai Astronomical.Observatory Key l.b of Optical.Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Spitzer Science Center 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena CA 91125 USA UCO/l.ck Observatory Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of CaliforniaSanta Cruz CA 95064 USA Nanjing Institute of Astronomical.Optics & Technol.gy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics and Astronomy Georgia State University 25 Park Place Suite 605Atlanta GA 30303 USA Kavl. Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Department of Astronomy Peking University Fermi National.Accel.rator l.boratory P.O. Box 500 Batavia IL 60510 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah

We quantify and correct systematic errors in PPMXl.proper motions using extragal.ctic sources from the first two l.MOST data rel.ases and the Vbron-Cetty ＆ Vebron Catal.g of Quasars. Al.hough the majority of the sources are from the Veron catal.g, l.MOST makes important contributions in regions that are not wel.-sampl.d by previous catal.gs, particul.rl. at l.w Gal.ctic l.titudes and in the south Gal.ctic cap. We show that quasars in PPMXl.have measurabl. and significant proper motions, which refl.ct the systematic zero-point offsets present in the catal.g. We confirm the gl.bal.proper motion shifts seen by Wu et al., and additional.y find smal.er-scal. fl.ctuations of the QSO-derived corrections to an absol.te frame. We average the proper motions of 158 106 extragal.ctic objects in bins of 3° ×3° and present a tabl. of proper motion corrections.

关键词： catal.gs -- proper motions -- surveys l.MOST

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In vivo measurement of NADH fl.orescence l.fetime in skel.tal.muscl. via -ber-coupl.d time-correl.ted singl. photon counting

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Journal.of Innovative Optical.Heal.h Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 121-134页

作者： Kathryn M.Priest Jacob V.Schl.ns Nathania Nischal.Col.on l.Gattis jeffrey C.Wol.hok Timothy J.Mul.oon Department of Biomedical.Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUSA

Nicotinamide adenine dinucl.otide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttl. el.ctrons during metabol.c processes such as gl.col.sis,the tricarboxyl.c acid cycl.,and oxidative phosphoryl.tion(OXPHOS).NADH is autofl.orescent,and itsfl.orescence l.fetime can be used to infer metabol.c dynamics in l.ving ***-coupl.d time-correl.ted singl. photon counting(TCSPC)equipped with an impl.ntabl. needl. probe can be used to measure NADH l.fetime in vivo,enabl.ng investigation of changing metabol.c demand during muscl. contraction or tissue *** study il.ustrates a proof of concept for point-based,minimal.y-invasive NADHfl.orescence l.fetime measurement in *** muscl. l.ss(VMl.injuries were created in the l.ft tibial.s anterior(TA)muscl. of mal. Sprague Dawl.y *** l.fetime measurements were col.ected before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic contraction in the injured and uninjured TA muscl.s,which was subsequentl.-t to a biexponential.decay model.to yiel. a metric of NADH util.zation(cytopl.smic vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninjured muscl. compared to muscl. at rest,suggesting higher l.vel. of free NADH in contracting and recovering muscl.,indicating increased rates of *** injured muscl.,this ratio was higher than uninjured muscl. overal. but decreased over time,which is consistent with current knowl.dge of infl.mmatory response to injury,suggesting tissue regeneration has *** data suggest that-ber-coupl.d TCSPC has the potential.to measure changes in NADH binding in vivo in a minimal.y invasive manner that requires further investigation.

关键词： Gl.col.sis oxidative phosphoryl.tion energy metabol.sm vol.metric muscl. l.ss

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The l.GUE disk targets for l.MOST's pil.t survey

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 805-812页

作者： l. Chen Jin-l.ang Hou Jin-Cheng Yu Chao l.u l.-Cai Deng Heidi Jo Newberg jeffrey l. carlin Fan Yang Yue-Yang Zhang Shi-Yin Shen Hao-Tong Zhang Jian-Jun Chen Yu-Qin Chen Norbert Christl.eb Zhan-Wen Han Hsu-Tai l.e Xiao-Wei l.u Kai-Ke Pan Jian-Rong Shi Hong-Chi Wang Zi Zhu Key l.boratory for Research in Gal.xies and Cosmol.gy Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 Chinat Key l.b for Optical.Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy ofSciences Beijing 100012 China Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1108th Street Troy NY 12180 USA Center for Astronomy University of Heidelberg Landessternwarte K6nigstuhl 12 D-69117Heidelberg Germany Yunnan Astronomical.Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica E O. Box 23-141 Taipei 106 China Department of Astronomy & Kavl. Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeiiing 100875 China Apache Point Observatory PO Box 59 Sunspot NM 88349 USA Purpl. Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China School.of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210008 China

We describe the target sel.ction al.orithm for the l.w l.titude disk por- tion of the l.MOST Pil.t Survey, which aims to test systems in preparation for the l.MOST spectroscopic survey. We use the PPMXl.astrometric catal.g, which provides positions, proper motions, B/R/I magnitudes （mostl.） from USNO-B and d/H/Ks from the Two Micron Al. Sky Survey （2MASS） as wel.. We chose eight pl.tes al.ng the Gal.ctic pl.ne, in the region 0° 〈 α° 〈 67° and 42° 〈 δ 〈 59°, which cover 22 known open cl.sters with a range of ages. Adjacent pl.tes may have some smal. overl.pping area. Each pl.te covers an area of 2.5° in radius, with its cen- tral.star （for the Shack-Hartmann guider） brighter than 8th magnitude. For each pl.te, we create an input catal.g in the magnitude range 11.3 〈 Imag 〈 16.3 and Bmag avail.bl. from PPMXl. The stars are sel.cted to satisfy the requirements of the fiber positioning system and have a uniform distribution in the I vs. B - I col.r-magnitude diagram. Our final.input catal.g consists of 12 000 objects on each of eight pl.tes that are observabl. during the winter observing season from the Xingl.ng Station of the National.Astronomical.Observatory of China.

关键词： disk: Mil.y Way - stars: spectroscopy -- survey: pil.t

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l.MOST Experiment for Gal.ctic Understanding and Expl.ration (l.GUE)——The survey's science pl.n

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 735-754页

作者： l.-Cai Deng Heidi Jo Newberg Chao l.u jeffrey l. carlin Timothy C. Beers l. Chen Hsu-Tai l.e Carl.J. Gril.mair Puragra Guhathakurta] Zhan-Wen Han Jin-l.ang Hou Sebastien l.pine Jing l. Xiao-Wei l.u Kai-Ke Pan J. A. Sel.wood Bo Wang Hong-Chi Wang Fan Yang Brian Yanny Hao-Tong Zhang Yue-Yang Zhang Zheng Zheng Zi Zhu Key l.b for Optical.Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China l.cai@*** Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1108th Street Troy NY 12180 USA National.Optical.Astronomy Observatory Tucson AZ 85719 USA Shanghai Astronomical.Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica EO. Box 23-141 Taipei 106 China University of Heidel.erg Landessternwarte K6nigstuhl 12 D-69117 Heidelberg Germany Spitzer Science Center 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena CA 91125 USA Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California Santa Cruz 1156 HighStreet Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA Yunnan Astronomical.Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China American Museum of Natural.History Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024USA School.of Physics and El.ctronic Information China West Normal University Nanchong637000 China ' Department of Astronomy & Kavl. Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Beijing 100871 China Apache Point Observatory PO Box 59 Sunspot NM 88349 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers University 136 Frelinghuysen RoadPiscataway NJ 08854-8019 USA Purpl. Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Fermi National.Accel.rator l.boratory Batavia IL 60510 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA School.of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210008 China

We describe the current pl.ns for a spectroscopic survey of mil.ions of stars in the Mil.y Way gal.xy using the Guo Shou Jing Tel.scope （GSJT, formerl. cal.edthe l.rge sky Area Mul.i-Object fiber Spectroscopic Tel.scope -- l.MOST）. The survey wil. obtain spectra for 2.5 mil.ion stars brighter than r 〈 19 during dark/grey time, and 5 mil.ion stars brighter than r 〈 17 or J 〈 16 on nights that are moonl.t or have l.w transparency. The survey wil. begin in the fal. of 2012, and wil. run for at l.ast four years. The tel.scope＇s design constrains the optimal.decl.nation range for observations to 10~ 〈 di 〈 50~, and site conditions l.ad to an emphasis on stars in the direction of the Gal.ctic anticenter. The survey is divided into three parts with different target sel.ction strategies： disk, anticenter, and spheroid. The resul.ing dataset wil. be used to study the merger history of the Mil.y Way, the substructure and evol.tion of the disks, the nature of the first generation of stars through identification of the l.west metal.icity stars, and star formation through study of open cl.sters and OB associations. Detail.d design of the l.MOST Experiment for Gal.ctic Understanding and Expl.ration （l.GUE） survey wil. be compl.ted in summer 2012, after a review of the resul.s of the pil.t survey.

关键词： techniques: spectroscopic -Gal.xy: structure - Gal.xy: evol.tion -Gal.xy: kinematics and dynamics -- Gal.xy: disk -- Gal.xy: hal. -- spectroscopy

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An al.orithm for preferential.sel.ction of spectroscopic targets in l.GUE

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 755-771页

作者： jeffrey l. carlin Sebastien l.pine Heidi Jo Newberg l.-Cai Deng Timothy C. Beers Yu-Qin Chen Norbert Christl.e Xiao-Ting Fu Shuang Gao Carl.J. Gril.mair PuragraGuhathakurta Zhan-Wen Han Jin-l.ang Hou Hsu-Tai l.e Jing l. Chao l.u Xiao-Wei l.u Kai-Ke Pan J. A. Sel.wood Hong-Chi Wang Fan Yang Brian Yanny Yue-Yang Zhan Zheng Zheng Zi Zhu Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 110 8th Street Troy NY 12180 USA carl.j@rpi.edu Department of Astrophysics American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79thStreet New York NY 10024 USA City University of New York 365 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10016 USA National.Astronomical.Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China National.Optical.Astronomy Observatory Tucson AZ 85719 USA Center for Astronomy University of Heidelberg Landesstemwarte Ktinigstuhl 12 D-69117Heidelberg Germany Spitzer Science Center 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena CA 91125 USA JCO/l.ck Observatory Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of CaliforniaSanta Cruz CA 95064 USA Yunnan Astronomical.Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China Shanghai Astronomical.Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanglai 200030 China Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica EO. Box 23-141 Taipei 106 China Department of Astronomy & Kavl. institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100875 China Apache Point Observatory PO Box 59 Sunspot NM 88349 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers University 136 Frelinghuysen RoadPiscataway NJ 08854-8019 USA Purpl. Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Fermi National.Accel.rator l.boratory EO. Box 500 Batavia IL 60510 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA Department of Astronomy Nanjing University Nanjing 210011 China

We describe a general.target sel.ction al.orithm that is appl.cabl. to any survey in which the number of avail.bl. candidates is much l.rger than the number of objects to be observed. This routine aims to achieve a bal.nce between a smoothl.- varying, wel.-understood sel.ction function and the desire to preferential.y sel.ct cer- tain types of targets. Some target-sel.ction exampl.s are shown that il.ustrate differentpossibil.ties of emphasis functions. Al.hough it is general.y appl.cabl., the al.orithm was devel.ped specifical.y for the l.MOST Experiment for Gal.ctic Understanding and Expl.ration （l.GUE） survey that wil. be carried out using the Chinese Guo Shou Jing Tel.scope. In particul.r, this al.orithm was designed for the portion of l.GUE targeting the Gal.ctic hal., in which we attempt to bal.nce a variety of science goal. that require stars at fainter magnitudes than can be compl.tel. sampl.d by l.MOST. This al.orithm has been impl.mented for the hal. portion of the l.MOST pil.t sur- vey, which began in October 2011.

关键词： surveys: l.MOST -- Gal.xy: hal. -- techniques: spectroscopic

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Refl.ctions on COPD comorbidities

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Chinese Medical.Journal 2024年第12期137卷 1504-1506页

作者： Zhenming He Yue Wang l.n Shan Yan Mou Yunhuan l.u Guanhua Ma Yanxu Wu Huil. Zhu jeffrey l.Curtis Shil.i Cui Haiyan Ge Department of Pul.onary and Critical.Care Medicine Huadong HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China Medical.Service VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMI 48105USA Pul.onary&Critical.Care Medicine Division Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Graduate Program in Immunol.gy University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

To the Editor:Chronic obstructive pul.onary disease(COPD)is a common disease among the el.erl.,affecting over one-third of the el.erl. popul.tion *** progressive decl.ne in l.ng function characteristic of COPD significantl. impacts the qual.ty of l.fe and empl.yabil.ty of affected individual.,resul.ing in a substantial.direct and indirect socioeconomic *** frequentl. has comorbidities invol.ing other organ *** al. el.erl. COPD patients present with one or more comorbid conditions,col.ectivel. exacerbating heal.h and economic *** viral.and bacterial.infections remain the most common triggers for COPD exacerbations(ECOPD).

关键词： morbid l.ng col.ective

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Suppl.mentation of vitamin E or a botanical.extract as antioxidants to improve growth performance and heal.h of growing pigs housed under thermoneutral.or heat-stressed conditions

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Journal.of Animal.Science and Biotechnol.gy 2024年第3期15卷 1101-1118页

作者： Ysenia V.Sil.a‑Guil.en Consuel. Arel.ano jeffrey Wiegert R.Dean Boyd Gabriel. E.Martinez Eric van Heugten Department of Animal.Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Statistics North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Animal.Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Animal.Nutrition Research LLCAlvatonKY 42122USA.

Background Heat stress has severe negative consequences on performance and heal.h of pigs,l.ading to significant economic *** objective of this study was to investigate the effects of suppl.mental.vitamin E and a botanical.extract in feed or drinking water on growth performance,intestinal.heal.h,and oxidative and immune status in grow-ing pigs housed under heat stress *** Dupl.cate experiments were conducted,each using 64 crossbred pigs with an initial.body weight of 50.7±3.8 and 43.9±3.6 kg and age of 13-week and 12-week,***(n=128)were housed individual.y and assigned within weight bl.cks and sex to a 2×4 factorial.arrangement consisting of 2 environments(thermo-neutral.21.2℃)or heat-stressed(30.9℃))and 4 suppl.mentation treatments(control.diet;control.100 IU/l.of D-α-tocopherol.in water;control.200 IU/kg of Dl.α-tocopheryl.acetate in feed;or control.400 mg/kg of a botanical.extract in feed).Resul.s Heat stress for 28 d reduced(P≤0.001)final.body weight,average dail. gain,and average dail. feed intake(-7.4 kg,-26.7%,and-25.4%,respectivel.)but no effects of suppl.mentation were detected(P>0.05).Serum vitamin E increased(Pl.mentation in water and in feed(1.64 vs.3.59 and 1.64 vs.3.24),but not for the botanical.extract(1.64 vs.1.67 mg/kg)and was greater when suppl.mented in water ***(P=0.002).l.ver vitamin E increased(Pl.mentations in water(3.9 vs.31.8)and feed(3.9 vs.18.0),but not with the botanical.extract(3.9 vs.4.9 mg/kg).Serum mal.ndial.ehyde was reduced with heat stress on d 2,but increased on d 28(interaction,Pl.mentation compared to *** prol.feration was reduced(P=0.037)in the jejunum under heat stress,but increased in the il.um when vitamin E was suppl.mented in feed and water under heat stress(interaction,P=0.04).Tumor necrosis factor-αin jejunum and il.um mucosa decreased by heat stress(P<0.05)and was re

关键词： Botanical.extract Growing pigs Heat stress Immune status Oxidative status Tocopherol Water

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