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Estradiol increases cortical and trabecular bone accrual and bone strength in an adolescent male-to-female mouse model of gender-affirming hormone therapy

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 95-106页

作者： Tian Nie Varun S.Venkatesh Suzanne Golub Kathryn S.Stok Haniyeh Hemmatian Reena desai david J.Handelsman jeffrey d.zajac Mathis Grossmann Rachel A.davey department of Medicine Austin HealthUniversity of MelbourneHeidelbergVIC 3084Australia department of Biomedical Engineering University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia ANZAC Research Institute University of Sydney and AndrologyConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNSW 2137Australia

The effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on the skeletal integrity and fracture risk in transitioning adolescent trans girls are *** address this knowledge gap,we developed a mouse model to simulate male-to-female transition in human adolescents in whom puberty is first arrested by using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogs with subsequent estradiol *** was suppressed by orchidectomy in male mice at 5 weeks of *** 3 weeks post-surgery,male-to-female mice were treated with a high dose of estradiol(~0.85 mg)by intraperitoneal silastic implantation for 12 *** included intact and orchidectomized males at 3 weeks post-surgery,vehicle-treated intact males,intact females and orchidectomized males at 12 weeks *** to male controls,orchidectomized males exhibited decreased peak bone mass accrual and a decreased maximal force the bone could withstand prior to *** treatment in orchidectomized male-to-female mice compared to mice in all control groups was associated with an increased cortical thickness in the mid-diaphysis,while the periosteal circumference increased to a level that was intermediate between intact male and female controls,resulting in increased maximal force and *** trabecular bone,estradiol treatment increased newly formed trabeculae arising from the growth plate as well as mineralizing surface/bone surface and bone formation rate,consistent with the anabolic action of estradiol on osteoblast *** data support the concept that skeletal integrity can be preserved and that long-term fractures may be prevented in trans girls treated with GnRHa and a sufficiently high dose of *** study is needed to identify an optimal dose of estradiol that protects the bone without adverse side effects.

关键词： treatment treatment strength

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Hematological changes during androgen deprivation therapy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第2期14卷 187-192页

作者： Mathis Grossmann jeffrey d zajac department of Medicine Austin Health/Northern Health University of Melbourne Heidelberg Vic. 3084 Australia

Androgen deprivation therapy （AdT） has been associated with a plethora of adverse effects, consistent with the androgen dependency of multiple reproductive and somatic tissues. One such tissue is the hemopoietic system, and one of the most predictable consequences of AdT is the development of anemia. Although anemia caused by AdT is rarely severe, AdT is often given to frail, elderly men with increased susceptibility to anemia due to multiple other causes. AdT-associated anemia may contribute to fatigue and reduced quality of life （QoL） in such men, although this requires further study. While anemia is an independent risk factor of mortality in men with prostate cancer, it is not known whether treatment of AdT-associated anemia alters clinically important outcomes, or whether treatment affects mortality. Awareness of the phenomenon of AdT-induced anemia should avoid unnecessary work-up in mild cases of normocytic normochromic anemia. However, assessment and treatment of more severe anemia may be required. This should be determined on an individual basis. In contrast to the weli-descrihed actions of AdT on erythropoiesis, its effect on other hemopoietic lineages has been less well elucidated. While preclinical studies have found roles for androgens in maturation and differentiated function of neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets, the implications of these findings for men with prostate cancer receiving AdT require further studies.

关键词： anemia androgen deprivation therapy (AdT) prostate cancer

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Human androgen deficiency： insights gained from androgen receptor knockout mouse models

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第2期16卷 169-177,I0006页

作者： Kesha Rana Rachel A davey jeffrey d zajac department of Medicine Austin Health University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia.

The mechanism of androgen action is complex. Recently, significant advances have been made into our understanding of how androgens act via the androgen receptor （AR） through the use of genetically modified mouse models. A number of global and tissue-specific AR knockout （ARKO） models have been generated using the Cre-loxP system which allows tissue- and/or cell-specific deletion. These ARKO models have examined a number of sites of androgen action including the cardiovascular system, the immune and hemopoetic system, bone, muscle, adipose tissue, the prostate and the brain. This review focuses on the insights that have been gained into human androgen deficiency through the use of ARKO mouse models at each of these sites of action, and highlights the strengths and limitations of these Cre-loxP mouse models that should be considered to ensure accurate interpretation of the phenotype.

关键词： androgen receptor androgen receptor knockout mouse model androgen deficiency

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Expression of androgen receptor target genes in skeletal muscle

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第5期16卷 675-683,I0006页

作者： Kesha Rana Nicole KL Lee jeffrey d zajac Helen E MacLean department of Medicine Austin Health University of Melbourne Heidelberg Victoria Australia

We aimed to determine the mechanisms of the anabolic actions of androgens in skeletal muscle by investigating potential androgen receptor （AR）-regulated genes in in vitro and in vivo models. The expression of the myogenic regulatory factor myogenin was significantly decreased in skeletal muscle from testosterone-treated orchidectomized male mice compared to control orchidectomized males, and was increased in muscle from male AR knockout mice that lacked dNA binding activity （AR△ZF2） versus wildtype mice, demonstrating that myogenin is repressed by the androgen/AR pathway. The ubiquitin ligase Fbxo32 was repressed by 12 h dihydrotestosterone treatment in human skeletal muscle cell myoblasts, and c-Myc expression was decreased in testosterone-treated orchidectomized male muscle compared to control orchidectomized male muscle, and increased in AR△ZF2 muscle. The expression of a group of genes that regulate the transition from myoblast proliferation to differentiation, Tceal7, p57Kip2, IEf2 and calcineurin Aa, was increased in AR△ZF2 muscle, and the expression of all but p57kip2 was also decreased in testosterone-treated orchidectomized male muscle compared to control orchidectomized male muscle. We conclude that in males, androgens act via the AR in part to promote peak muscle mass by maintaining myoblasts in the proliferative state and delaying the transition to differentiation during muscle growth and development, and by suppressing ubiquitin ligase-mediated atrophy pathways to preserve muscle mass in adult muscle.

关键词： androgen receptor anabolic atrophy gene expression skeletal muscle

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Effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on insulin resistance and body composition in transgender individuals: A systematic review

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World Journal of diabetes 2020年第3期11卷 66-77页

作者： Cassandra Spanos Ingrid Bretherton jeffrey d zajac Ada S Cheung Trans Medical Research Group Department of Medicine (Austin Health) University of Melbourne

BACKGROUNd Transgender individuals receiving masculinising or feminising gender-affirming hormone therapy with testosterone or estradiol respectively,are at increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes,including myocardial infarction and *** may be related to the effects of testosterone or estradiol therapy on body composition,fat distribution,and insulin resistance but the effect of genderaffirming hormone therapy on these cardiovascular risk factors has not been extensively *** To evaluate the impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy on body composition and insulin resistance in transgender individuals,to guide clinicians in minimising cardiovascular *** We performed a review of the literature based on PRISMA ***,Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies examining body composition,insulin resistance or body fat distribution in transgender individuals aged over 18 years on established gender-affirming hormone *** were selected for full-text analysis if they investigated transgender individuals on any type of gender-affirming hormone therapy and reported effects on lean mass,fat mass or insulin *** The search strategy identified 221 *** exclusion of studies that did not meet inclusion criteria,26 were included(2 cross-sectional,21 prospectiveuncontrolled and 3 prospective-controlled).Evidence in transgender men suggests that testosterone therapy increases lean mass,decreases fat mass and has no impact on insulin *** in transgender women suggests that feminising hormone therapy(estradiol,with or without anti-androgen agents)decreases lean mass,increases fat mass,and may worsen insulin *** to body composition were consistent across almost all studies:Transgender men on testosterone gained lean mass and lost fat mass,and transgender women on oestrogen experienced the *** study directly contradicted these trends,though several small st

关键词： Transgender persons Insulin resistance Body composition Gender dysphoria Metabolic syndrome

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Advances in ground heat exchangers for space heating and cooling:Review and perspectives

Energy and Built Environment

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第2期5卷 255-269页

作者： Ping Cui Weibo Yang Wenke Zhang Ke Zhu jeffrey d.Spitler Mingzhi Yu School of Thermal Engineering Shandong Jianzhu UniversityJinanShandong 250101China College of Electrical Energy and Power EngineeringYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu 225127China department of Mechanical Engineering Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA

As a renewable energy source,geothermal energy has been widely used to provide space heating and cooling for *** thermal performance of ground heat exchanger(GHE)is significant for the operating efficiency of the ground source heat pump(GSHP)*** paper presents a comprehensive review of developments and advances of three kinds of GHE,including vertical borehole GHE(VBGHE),Pile GHE(PGHE),and deep borehole GHE(dBGHE)which are currently popular in larger GSHP ***,analytical models proposed to ana-lyze heat transfer process of VBGHE with different geological conditions are summarized,such as homogenous or heterogeneous ground,with or without groundwater *** and short-time step models and measures to improve GHE thermal performance are also ***,a summary of research advances in PGHE is provided,which includes the heat transfer models of PGHE,the effects of geometric structure,oper-ation modes,pile spacing,use of phase change material(PCM),thermal properties of PCM,thermo-mechanical behavior and/or thermal performance of *** effects of groundwater flow direction and velocity on PGHE are also summarized in ***,models of three kinds of dBGHEs,i.e.,deep coaxial GHE(dCGHE),deep U-bend GHE(dUGHE)and super-long gravity heat pipe(SLGHP),are *** physical bases of the dif-ferent analytical models are elaborated and also their advantages and disadvantages are *** in numerical modelling and improving numerical model calculation speed of dCBHE,dCBHE array,and dUBHE are *** review provides a meaningful reference for the further study of GHEs.

关键词： Vertical borehole ground heat exchanger Pile ground heat exchanger deep borehole ground heat exchanger Modelling

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Two-dimensional atomically thin Pt layers on MXenes: The role of electronic effects during catalytic dehydrogenation of ethane and propane

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1251-1258页

作者： Zhe Li Tobias K.Misicko Fan Yang Xiaopeng Liu Zhenwei Wu Xiaoyang Gao Tao Ma jeffrey T.Miller daniela S.Mainardi Collin d.Wick Zhenhua Zeng Yang Xiao Yue Wu department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State University618 Bissell RoadAmesIA 50011USA Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University505 Tech DriveRustonLA 71272USA davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University480 Stadium Mall DriveWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Michigan Center for Materials Characterization University of Michigan2800 Plymouth RdAnn Arbor MI 48109USA College of Engineering and Science Louisiana Tech UniversityRustonLA 71272USA

Atomically thin Pt nanolayers were synthesized on the surface of Mo2TiC2 MXenes and used for the catalytic dehydrogenation of ethane and propane into ethylene and propylene,two important chemicals for the petrochemical *** compared with Pt nanoparticles,the atomically thin Pt nanolayer catalyst showed superior coke-resistance(no deactivation for 24 h),high activity(turnover frequencies(TOFs)of 0.4–1.2 s^(-1)),and selectivity(>95%)toward ethylene and *** unique Pt nanolayer has a similar geometric surface to Pt nanoparticles,enabling the investigations of the electronic effect on the catalytic performance,where the geometric effect is *** is found that the electronic effect plays a critical role in dehydrogenative product selectivity and catalyst *** metal–support interaction is found dependent on the substrate and metal components,providing wide opportunities to explore high-performance MXene-supported metallic catalysts.

关键词： MXene catalysis alkane dehydrogenation nanolayers

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Supplementation of vitamin E or a botanical extract as antioxidants to improve growth performance and health of growing pigs housed under thermoneutral or heat-stressed conditions

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1101-1118页

作者： Ysenia V.Silva‑Guillen Consuelo Arellano jeffrey Wiegert R.dean Boyd Gabriela E.Martinez Eric van Heugten department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA department of Statistics North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA department of Animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Animal Nutrition Research LLCAlvatonKY 42122USA.

Background Heat stress has severe negative consequences on performance and health of pigs,leading to significant economic *** objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental vitamin E and a botanical extract in feed or drinking water on growth performance,intestinal health,and oxidative and immune status in grow-ing pigs housed under heat stress *** duplicate experiments were conducted,each using 64 crossbred pigs with an initial body weight of 50.7±3.8 and 43.9±3.6 kg and age of 13-week and 12-week,***(n=128)were housed individually and assigned within weight blocks and sex to a 2×4 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 environments(thermo-neutral(21.2℃)or heat-stressed(30.9℃))and 4 supplementation treatments(control diet;control+100 IU/L of d-α-tocopherol in water;control+200 IU/kg of dL-α-tocopheryl-acetate in feed;or control+400 mg/kg of a botanical extract in feed).Results Heat stress for 28 d reduced(P≤0.001)final body weight,average daily gain,and average daily feed intake(-7.4 kg,-26.7%,and-25.4%,respectively)but no effects of supplementation were detected(P>0.05).Serum vitamin E increased(Pd in feed(1.64 vs.3.59 and 1.64 vs.3.24),but not for the botanical extract(1.64 vs.1.67 mg/kg)and was greater when supplemented in water ***(P=0.002).Liver vitamin E increased(Pd feed(3.9 vs.18.0),but not with the botanical extract(3.9 vs.4.9 mg/kg).Serum malondialdehyde was reduced with heat stress on d 2,but increased on d 28(interaction,Pd was greater(Pdant supplementation compared to *** proliferation was reduced(P=0.037)in the jejunum under heat stress,but increased in the ileum when vitamin E was supplemented in feed and water under heat stress(interaction,P=0.04).Tumor necrosis factor-αin jejunum and ileum mucosa decreased by heat stress(Pd was re

关键词： Botanical extract Growing pigs Heat stress Immune status Oxidative status Tocopherol Water

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寓言历久弥新

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青年视觉 2024年第1期 132-145页

作者： jeffrey Art d'Egypte(图) 不详

在过去的六十多年间,大地艺术已完成几次悄然的转向:整体上,Robert Smithson《螺旋码头》式的在地创作仍在继续,信手来以呼应自然,也有越来越多的创作者借助更多元的材料、形式,思考全球化和地域文明、历史和当下——从2021年开始,每年... 详细信息

在过去的六十多年间,大地艺术已完成几次悄然的转向:整体上,Robert Smithson《螺旋码头》式的在地创作仍在继续,信手来以呼应自然,也有越来越多的创作者借助更多元的材料、形式,思考全球化和地域文明、历史和当下——从2021年开始,每年一度在埃及吉萨金字塔群举办的Forever Is Now展览,再次扩大和丰富了这个艺术门类的内涵,它将文化遗产、自然、当代装置、创作者和欣赏者共同纳入一个互动情境中,讲述一个历久弥新的寓言:其发散的意义生成取决于地缘和创作者,也取决于欣赏的视角。

关键词：互动情境大地艺术意义生成文化遗产地域文明金字塔历久弥新全球化

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Reflections on COPd comorbidities

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第12期137卷 1504-1506页

作者： Zhenming He Yue Wang Lin Shan Yan Mou Yunhuan Liu Guanhua Ma Yanxu Wu Huili Zhu jeffrey L.Curtis Shilei Cui Haiyan Ge department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Huadong HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China Medical Service VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMI 48105USA Pulmonary&Critical Care Medicine division Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Graduate Program in Immunology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

To the Editor:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPd)is a common disease among the elderly,affecting over one-third of the elderly population *** progressive decline in lung function characteristic of COPd significantly impacts the quality of life and employability of affected individuals,resulting in a substantial direct and indirect socioeconomic *** frequently has comorbidities involving other organ *** all elderly COPd patients present with one or more comorbid conditions,collectively exacerbating health and economic *** viral and bacterial infections remain the most common triggers for COPd exacerbations(ECOPd).

关键词： morbid lung collective

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