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Assessment of oxidative and UV-c treatments for inactivating bacterial biofilms from groundwater wells

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第1期9卷 39-49页

作者： Kyle E. murray Erin I. Manitou-ALVAREZ Enos c. INNISS Frank G. HEALY Adria A. BODOUR Oklahoma Geological Survey University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019-0628 USA ERA Environmental consulting Dollard des Ormeaux Montreal Quebec H9B 2C81 Canada Department of civil and Environmental Engineering University of Missouri-Columbia MO 65211-2200 USA Department of Biology Trinity University One Trinity Place San Antonio TX 78212 USA Air Force center for Engineering and the Environment (AFcEE) San Antonio TX 78236 USA

Microorganisms are ubiquitous in natural environments and in water supply infrastructure including groundwater wells. Sessile-state microorganisms may build up on well surfaces as biofilms and, if excessive, cause biofouling that reduces well productivity and water quality. conditions can be improved using biocides and other traditional well rehabilitation measures; however, biofilm regrowth is inevitable given the continuous introduction of microorganisms from the surrounding environment. Alternative and less invasive well maintenance approaches are desirable for reducing biofilm densities while also minimizing harmful disinfection-by- products. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate effectiveness of alternative treatments for inacti- vating microorganisms comprising biofilms. A novel approach was designed for in situ growth of biofilms on steel coupons suspended from ＇chandeliers＇. After more than 100 days of in situ growth, biofilms were harvested, sampled, and baseline biofilm densities quantifed through cultivation. Ultraviolet-c （UV-c） and oxidative treatments including hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）, ozone （O3） and mixed oxidants were then applied to the biofilms in laboratory-scale treatments. Microbial inactivation was assessed by comparing treated versus baseline biofilm densities. H2O2 was the most effective treatment, and decreased density below baseline by as much as 3.1 orders of magnitude. Mixed oxidants were effective for the well having a lower density biofilm, decreasing density below baseline by as much as 1.4 orders of magnitude. Disparity in the response to treatment was apparent in the wells despite their spatial proximity and common aquifer source, which suggests that microbiological communities are more heterogeneous than the natural media from which they originate.

关键词： aquifer biofouling hydrogen peroxide sustainability well rehabilitation

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Utility of magnetic resonance imaging in anorectal disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第23期13卷 3153-3158页

作者： Loren Berman Gary M Israel Shirley M Mccarthy jeffrey c Weinreb Walter E Longo Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut United States Department of Radiology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut United States

Imaging of both benign and malignant anorectal diseases has traditionally posed a challenge to clinicians, and as a result history and physical exam have been relied on heavily. cT scanning and endorectal ultrasound have become popular in assessment of anatomy and staging of tumors, but have limitations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the capability to fill in the gaps left open by more conventional imaging modalities and continues to be promising as the definitive imaging technique in the pelvis, especially with advancement of emerging technologies in this field. A comprehensive review of this topic has been undertaken. Anorectal disease is divided into three broad categories: cancer, fistula/abscess, and pelvic floor disorders. A review of the literature is performed to evaluate the use of MRI and other imaging modalities in these three areas. Preoperative imaging is useful in the evaluation of all three areas of anorectal disease. MRI is an effective tool in delineating anatomy and, when correlating with the specific clinical scenario, is an effective adjunct in clinical decision-making in order to optimize outcome. MRI continues to be a promising and novel approach to imaging various afflictions of the anorectum and the pelvic floor. Its role is more well-established in some areas than in others, and there are still signif icant limitations. As technology advances, MRI will shed more light on a complex anatomical area.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging, Rectal cancer, Pelvic floor disorders Anal fistula and abscess

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Heterogeneity and renal mass biopsy:a review of its role and reliability

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cancer Biology & Medicine 2014年第3期11卷 162-172页

作者： jeffrey J.Tomaszewski Robert G.Uzzo Marc c.Smaldone Division of Urology Department of SurgeryMD Anderson Cancer Center at CooperRowan University School of MedicineCamdenNJ08103USA Division of Urologic Oncology Department of Surgical OncologyFox Chase Cancer Center-Temple University Health SystemPhiladelphiaPA19111USA

Increased abdominal imaging has led to an increase in the detection of the incidental small renal mass(SRM). With increasing recognition that the malignant potential of SRMs is heterogeneous, ranging from benign(15%-20%) to aggressive(20%), enthusiasm for more conservative management strategies in the elderly and infirmed, such as active surveillance(AS), have grown considerably. As the management of the SRM evolves to incorporate ablative techniques and AS for low risk disease, the role of renal mass biopsy(RMB) to help guide individualized therapy is evolving. Historically, the role of RMB was limited to the evaluation of suspected metastatic disease, renal abscess, or lymphoma. However, in the contemporary era, the role of biopsy has grown, most notably to identify patients who harbor benign lesions and for whom treatment, particularly the elderly or frail, may be avoided. When performing a RMB to guide initial clinical decision making for small, localized tumors, the most relevant questions are often relegated to proof of malignancy and documentation(if possible) of grade. However, significant intratumoral heterogeneity has been identified in clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRcc) that may lead to an underestimation of the genetic complexity of a tumor when single-biopsy procedures are used. Heterogeneous genomic landscapes and branched parallel evolution of ccRccs with spatially separated subclones creates an illusion of clonal dominance when assessed by single biopsies and raises important questions regarding how tumors can be optimally sampled and whether future evolutionary tumor branches might be predictable and ultimately targetable. This work raises profound questions concerning the genetic landscape of cancer and how tumor heterogeneity may affect, and possibly confound, targeted diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss the current role of RMB, the implications of tumor heterogeneity on diagnostic accuracy, and highlight promi

关键词： Renal cell carcinoma(Rcc) renal mass biopsy(RMB) tumor heterogeneity

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Spontaneous exudative retinal detachment in a patient with sturge-weber syndrome after taking arginine, a supplement for erectile dysfunction

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Eye and Vision 2014年第1期1卷 46-50页

作者： Austin Bach Aaron S Gold Victor M Villegas Andrea c Wildner Fiona J Ehlies Timothy G murray Larkin community Hospital 7031 SW 62nd AvenueSouth MiamiFlorida 33143USA murray Ocular Oncology&Retina 6705 Red RoadSuite 412MiamiFlorida 33143USA.

Background:Patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome can have ipsilateral diffuse or circumscribed choroidal *** hemangiomas have been seen to undergo spontaneous exudative or hemorrhagic retinal *** is no definitive treatment for these types of retinal detachments,but radiotherapy,photodynamic therapy,oral propranolol,pegaptinib and bevacizumab have been *** presentation:A 26-year-old male with Sturge-Weber Syndrome developed an exudative retinal detachment that occurred immediately after taking a supplement containing *** patient was treated with intravitreal bevacizumab 1.25 mg in 0.05 ml *** of the retinal detachment was seen after 4 treatments over a six-month ***:Arginine and other medications that cause a release of nitric oxide may lead to intravascular leakage and exudative retinal detachments in patients who have a choroidal hemangioma.

关键词： Sturge-Weber Syndrome Exudative retinal detachment choroidal hemangioma Nitric oxide arginine

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An Epigenetic Role for Disrupted Paternal Gene Expression in Postzygotic Seed Abortion in Arabidopsis Interspecific Hybrids

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Molecular Plant 2015年第12期8卷 1766-1775页

作者： Ryan c. Kirkbride Helen Hong Yu Gyoungju Nah changqing Zhang Xiaoli Shi Z. jeffrey chen Department of Molecular Biosciences Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA These authors contributed equally to this article. present address: Department of Plant Science Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University Seou1151-921 South Korea present address: Plants for Human Health Institute North Carolina State University 600 Laureate Way Kannapolis NC 28081 USA present address: Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences PO Box 2735 Beijing 100080 China

Interspecific hybrids often increase the levels of heterozygosity and hybrid vigor, but some interspecific hybrid seeds are aborted shortly after fertilization. The mechanism behind this postzygotic seed abortion is poorly understood. Here, we report genome-wide analysis of allelic expression changes in developing siliques and seeds in three F1 interspecific crosses between Arabidopsis thaliana （col, Ler, or c24） and Arabidopsis arenosa. The majority of maternally expressed genes （MEGs） were shared among all three F1 interspecific crosses, whereas ~90% of 272 paternally expressed genes （PEGs） were found only in one or two F1 crosses, suggesting a role for disrupted paternal gene expression in seed abortion that varies in different crosses. consistent with this notion, 12 PEGs in the infertile interspecific hybrids matched MEGs in fertile intraspecific hybrids. This disruption of PEGs in the interspecific hybrids was consistent with the upregulation of the genes in the paternal-excess interploidy cross （2X6） between a diploid mother and a hexaploid father, leading to the seed abortion. Moreover, a subset of PEGs in the interspecific crosses were also upregulated in the intraspecific hybrid metlXWT or meaXWT, in which the mutant of MET1 （DNA METHYL TRANSFERASE1） or MEDEA, a Polycomb Repressive complex2 gene, was used as the maternal parent. These data suggest that maternal epigenetic factors and paternal gene expression play important roles in the postzygotic seed abortion in interspecific hybrids or neo-allopolyploids.

关键词： epigenetics imprinting paternal gene expression polyploidy hybrid incompatibility seeddevelopment

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SLc11A1 polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis status

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第45期16卷 5727-5731页

作者： Lucy c Stewart Andrew S Day John Pearson murray L Barclay Richard B Gearry Rebecca L Roberts Robert W Bentley Department of Paediatrics University of OtagoChristchurch 8140New Zealand Department of Paediatrics Christchurch HospitalChristchurch 8140New Zealand Department of Pathology University of OtagoChristchurch 8140New Zealand Department of Medicine University of OtagoChristchurch 8140New Zealand Department of Gastroenterology Christchurch HospitalChristchurch 8140New Zealand Department of Biochemistry University of OtagoDunedin 9054New Zealand

AIM: To test for association of SLc11A1 with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) status in a caucasian cohort. METHODS: Five hundred and seven crohn's disease (cD) patients, 474 ulcerative colitis (Uc) patients, and 569 healthy controls were genotyped for SLc11A1 1730G>A and SLc11A1 469+14G>c using pre-designed TaqMan  SNP assays. χ 2 tests were applied to test for association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with disease, and the presence of MAP ***:SLc11A1 1730G>A and SLc11A 1469+14G>c were not associated with cD, Uc, or IBD. The SLc11A1 1730A minor allele was over-represented in patients who did not require immunomodulator therapy (P = 0.002, OR: 0.29, 95% cI: 0.13-0.66). The frequency of the SLc11A1 469+14c allele was higher in the subset of study participants who tested positive for MAP DNA (P = 0.02, OR: 1.56, 95% cI: 1.06-2.29). No association of SLc11A1 1730G>A with MAP was ***: Although SLc11A1 was not associated with IBD, association with MAP suggests that SLc11A1 is important in determining susceptibility to bacteria implicated in the etiology of cD.

关键词： NRAMP1 crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis IS900 polymerase chain reaction

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The American Heart Association’s Get With the Guidelines(GWTG)-Stroke development and impact on stroke care

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2017年第2期2卷 94-105页

作者： cora H Ormseth Kevin N Sheth jeffrey L Saver Gregg c Fonarow Lee H Schwamm Neurology Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA Department of Neurology UCLA Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Department of cardiology UCLA Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Department of Neurology Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA

The American Heart Association’s Get With the Guidelines(GWTG)-Stroke programme has changed stroke care delivery in the USA since its establishment in *** is a voluntary registry and continuous quality improvement initiative that collects data on patient characteristics,hospital adherence to guidelines and inpatient *** of the programme saw increased provision of evidence-based care and improved patient *** review will describe the development of the programme and discuss the impact on stroke outcomes and transformation of stroke care delivery that followed its implementation.

关键词： impact programme

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Epstein-Barr virus and the origin of Hodgkin lymphoma

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chinese Journal of cancer 2014年第12期33卷 591-597页

作者： Martina Vockerodt Fathima Zumla cader claire Shannon-Lowe Paul murray School of cancer Sciences University of Birmingham

Although Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)is present in the malignant Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg(HRS)cells of a proportion of cases of classical Hodgkin lymphoma(c HL),how the virus contributes to the pathogenesis of this disease remains poorly *** is clear from the studies of other EBV-associated cancers that the virus is usually not sufficient for tumor development and that other oncogenic co-factors are *** article reviews what is known about the contribution of EBV to the pathogenesis of c HL and focuses on emerging evidence implicating chronic inflammation as a potential oncogenic co-factor in this malignancy.

关键词： Epstein-Barr病毒淋巴瘤起源金恶性肿瘤发病机制辅助因子 EBV

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The cUL4A ubiquitin ligase is a potential therapeutic target in skin cancer and other malignancies

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chinese Journal of cancer 2013年第9期32卷 478-482页

作者： jeffrey Hannah Peng-Bo Zhou Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College and Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College

cullin 4A(cUL4A)is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that directly affects DNA repair and cell cycle progression by targeting substrates including damage-specific DNA-binding protein 2(DDB2),xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group c(XPc),chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1(cdt1),and *** work from our laboratory has shown that cul4a-deficient mice have greatly reduced rates of ultraviolet-induced skin *** a cellular level,cul4a-deficient cells have great capacity for DNA repair and demonstrate a slow rate of proliferation due primarily to increased expression of DDB2 and p21,*** suggests that cUL4A promotes tumorigenesis(as well as accumulation of skin damage and subsequent premature aging)by limiting DNA repair activity and expediting S phase *** addition,cUL4A has been found to be up-regulated via gene amplification or overexpression in breast cancers,hepatocellular carcinomas,squamous cell carcinomas,adrenocortical carcinomas,childhood medulloblastomas,and malignant pleural *** of its oncogenic activity in skin cancer and up-regulation in other malignancies,cUL4A has arisen as a potential candidate for targeted therapeutic *** this review,we outline the established functions of cUL4A and discuss the E3ligase’s emergence as a potential driver of tumorigenesis.

关键词：泛素连接酶恶性肿瘤皮肤癌治疗 DNA修复 DNA结合蛋白靶点细胞水平

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Absence of Na^+/sugar cotransport activity in Barrett's metaplasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第9期14卷 1365-1369页

作者： Lisa J murray Owen Tully David S Rudolph Marysue Whitby Mary c Valenzano Giancarlo Mercogliano James J Thornton James M Mullin Lankenau Institute for Medical Research WynnewoodPAUnited States Saint Joseph's UniversityDepartment of BiologyPhiladelphiaPA 19096United States Lankenau Hospital Department of Medicine WynnewoodPA 19096United States Lankenau Hospital Department of MedicineWynnewoodPA 19096 United States Lankenau Institute for Medical Research WynnewoodPAUnited States Lankeanu Hospital Division of GastroenterologyWynnewood PA 19096United States Lankeanu Hospital Division of GastroenterologyWynnewoodPA 19096United States

AIM:To evaluate the presence of Na+-dependent, active, sugar transport in Barrett's epithelia as an intestinal biomarker, based on the well-documented, morphological intestinal phenotype of Barrett's esophagus (BE). METHODS: We examined uptake of the nonmeta- bolizable glucose analogue, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside (AMG), a substrate for the entire sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) family of transport proteins. During upper endoscopy, patients with BE or with uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) allowed for duodenal, gastric fundic, and esophageal mucosal biopsies to be taken. Biopsies were incubated in bicarbonate-buffered saline (KRB) containing 0.1 mmol/L 14c-AMG for 60 min at 20℃. characterized by abundant SGLT, duodenum served as a positive control while gastric fundus and normal esophagus, known to lack SGLT, served as negative controls. RESULTS: Duodenal biopsies accumulated 249.84 ± 35.49 (SEM) picomoles AMG/μg DNA (n = 12), gastric fundus biopsies 36.20 ± 6.62 (n = 12), normal esophagus 12.10 ± 0.59 (n = 3) and Barrett's metaplasia 29.79 ± 5.77 (n = 8). There was a statistical difference (P ch other biopsy site but there was no statistically significant difference between normal esophagus and BE biopsies. 0.5 mmol/L phlorizin (PZ) inhibited AMG uptake into duodenal mucosa by over 89%, but had nosignificant effect on AMG uptake into gastric fundus, normal esophagus, or Barrett's tissue. In the absence of Na+ (all Na+ salts replaced by Li+ salts), AMG uptake in duodenum was decreased by over 90%, while uptake into gastric, esophageal or Barrett's tissue was statistically unaffected. cONcLUSION: Despite the intestinal enterocyte phenotype of BE, Na+-dependent, sugar transport activity is not present in these cells.

关键词： Barrett's esophagus cancer Biomarker Sodium glucose cotransporters Glucose transport Alphamethyl-D-glucoside Phlorizin Esophagus Metaplasia

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