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Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis

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Gastroenterology Report 2015年第1期3卷 32-40页

作者： Adarsh M.Thaker jeffrey d.Mosko Tyler M.Berzin Center for Advanced Endoscopy Division of GastroenterologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Acute pancreatitis remains the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).It is reported to occur in 2–10%of unselected patient samples and up to 40%of high-risk patients.The purpose of this article is to review the evidence behind the known risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis,as well as the technical and medical approaches developed to prevent it.There have been many advances in identifying the causes of this condition.Based on this knowledge,a variety of preventive strategies have been developed and studied.The approach to prevention begins with careful patient selection and performing ERCP for specific indications,while considering alternative diagnostic modalities when appropriate.Patients should also be classified by high-risk factors such as young age,female sex,suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction,a history of post-ERCP pancreatitis,and normal serum bilirubin,all of which have been identified in numerous research studies.The pathways of injury that are believed to cause post-ERCP pancreatitis eventually lead to the common endpoint of inflammation,and these individual steps can be targeted for preventive therapies through procedural techniques and medical management.This includes the use of a guide wire for cannulation,minimizing the number of cannulation attempts,avoiding contrast injections or trauma to the pancreatic duct,and placement of a temporary pancreatic duct stent in high-risk patients.Administration of rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents(NSAIds)in high-risk patients is the proven pharmacological measure for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis.The evidence for or against numerous other attempted therapies is still unclear,and ongoing investigation is required.

关键词： endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis prevention complications

Rapid preparation of carbon-supported ruthenium nanoparticles by magnetic induction heating for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction in both acidic and alkalinemedia

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SusMat 2022年第3期2卷 335-346页

作者： Qiming Liu Bingzhang Lu Forrest Nichols jeffrey Ko Rene Mercado Frank Bridges Shaowei Chen department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA department of Physics University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA

Ruthenium has been hailed as a competitive alternative for platinum toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),a critical process in electrochemical water splitting.In this study,we successfully prepare metallic Ru nanoparticles supported on carbon paper by utilizing a novel magnetic induction heating(MIH)method.The samples are obtained within seconds,featuring a Cl-enriched surface that is unattainable via conventional thermal annealing.The best sample within the series shows a remarkable HER activity in both acidic and alkaline media with an overpotential of only-23 and-12 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA/cm^(2),highly comparable to that of the Pt/C benchmark.Theoretical studies based on density functional theory show that the excellent electrocatalytic activity is accounted by the surface metal-Cl species that facilitate charge transfer and downshift the d-band center.Results from this study highlight the unique advantages of MIH in rapid sample preparation,where residual anion ligands play a critical role in manipulating the electronic properties of the metal surfaces and the eventual electrocatalytic activity.

关键词： Cl-enriched surface density functional theory hydrogen evolution reaction magnetic induction heating ruthenium

Cytokines from the pig conceptus:roles in conceptus development in pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 130-141页

作者： Rodney d Geisert Matthew C Lucy jeffrey J Whyte Jason W Ross daniel J Mathew Animal Sciences Research Center University of Missouri department of Animal Science Iowa State University

Establishment of pregnancy in pigs involves maintaining progesterone secretion from the corpora lutea in addition to regulating a sensitive interplay between the maternal immune system and attachment of the rapidly expanding trophoblast for nutrient absorption. The peri-implantation period of rapid trophoblastic elongation followed by attachment to the maternal uterine endometrium is critical for establishing a sufficient placental-uterine interface for subsequent nutrient transport for fetal survival to term, but is also marked by the required conceptus release of factors involved with stimulating uterine secretion of histotroph and modulation of the maternal immune system. Many endometrial genes activated by the conceptus secretory factors stimulate a tightly controlled proinflammatory response within the uterus. A number of the cytokines released by the elongating conceptuses stimulate inducible transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B （NFKB） potentially regulating the maternal uterine proinflammatory and immune response. This review will establish the current knowledge for the role of conceptus cytokine production and release in early development and establishment of pregnancy in the pig.

关键词： Cytokines Embryo development Porcine conceptus Pregnancy Prostaglandins uterus

does being female provide a neuroprotective advantage following spinal cord injury?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第10期10卷 1533-1536页

作者： jeffrey P.datto Jackie Yang W.dalton dietrich damien d.Pearse The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of Medicine The department of Neurological Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine The department of Neurology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine The department of Cell Biology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine The Neuroscience Program University of Miami Miller School of Medicine The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

It has been controversial whether gender has any effect on recovery following spinal cord injury（SCI）. Past experimental and clinical research aimed at addressing this subject has led to constrasting findings on whether females hold any advantage in locomotor recovery. Additionally, for studies supporting the notion of a female gender related advantage, a definite cause has not been explained. In a recent study, using large sample sizes for comparative male and female spinal cord injury cohorts, we reported that a significant gender advantage favoring females existed in both tissue preservation and functional recovery after taking into consideration discrepancies in age and weight of the animals across sexes. Prior animal research frequently used sample sizes that were too small to determine significance with certainty and also did not account for two other factors that influence locomotor performance： age and weight. Our finding is important in light of controversy surrounding the effect of gender on outcome and the fact that SCI affects more than ten thousand new individuals annually, a population that is disproportionately male. By deepening our understanding of why a gender advantage exists, potential new therapeutics can be designed to improve recovery for the male population following the initial trauma or putatively augment the neuroprotective privilege in females for enhanced outcomes.

关键词： sex gender hormone neuroprotection estrogen progesterone apoptosis Schwann cell

Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis supports the valid separate species status of Lucilia caesar and L.illustris (diptera: Calliphoridae)

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Forensic Sciences Research 2018年第1期3卷 60-64页

作者： Christine J.Picard jeffrey d.Wells Anne Ullyot Knut Rognes department of Biology&Forensic and Investigative Sciences Program Indiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisINUSA department of Biological Sciences&International Forensic Research Institute Florida International UniversityMiamiFLUSA Biological Sciences University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA department of Early Childhood Education Faculty of Arts and EducationUniversity of StavangerStavangerNorway

Common dNA-based species determination methods fail to distinguish some blow flies in the forensically and medically important genus Lucilia Robineau-desvoidy.This is a practical problem,and it has also been interpreted as casting doubt on the validity of some morphologically defined species.An example is Lucilia illustris and L.caesar,which co-occur in Europe whilst only L.illustris has been collected in North America.Reports that these species shared both mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences,along with claims that diagnostic morphological characters are difficult to interpret,were used to question their separate species status.We report here that amplified fragment length polymorphism profiles strongly support the validity of both species based on both assignment and phylogenetic analysis,and that traditional identification criteria based on male and female genital morphology are more reliable than has been claimed.

关键词： Forensic science forensic entomology Calliphoridae Lucilia caesar Lucilia illustris taxonomy AFLP analysis

Effects of inorganic or organic selenium on immunoglobulins in swine

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第2期5卷 236-244页

作者： Ashley Gelderman jeffrey Clapper department of Animal Science South Dakota State University

A study was conducted to determine if Se source fed during gestation and lactation affects passive transfer of immunoglobulins. Sixty days prior to breeding （d -60）, gilts were randomly assigned to one of three treatments prior to breeding and throughout gestation： control （Control, no supplemental Se; n = 8）, inorganic Se （Inorganic Se, 0.3 ppm; n = 4） and organic Se （Organic Se, 0.3 ppm; n = 4）. Blood was collected on d -60, 57 and 113 of gestation and on d 21 of lactation and milk was collected at d 0, 1, 7, 14, and 21 of lactation. Blood was collected from piglets at d 0, 1, 7, 14, and 21 of age. Gilts fed organic Se had greater （P 〈 0.05） circulating concentrations of Se than Inorganic and Control gilts. Regardless of treatment, circulating concentrations of Se were greatest （P 〈 0.05） at d -60 compared to all other days. Serum concentrations of IgG were greatest （P 〈 0.05） in gilts at d 57 of gestation compared to d 113. Serum concentrations of IgA were greatest （P 〈 0.05） on d 113 of gestation and d 21 of lactation compared to d -60 and 57. Serum concentrations of IgM were greater （P 〈 0.05） at d 57 compared to d -60. Inorganic gilts had greater （P 〈 0.05） colostral and milk concentrations of IgG and IgM than Organic or Control gilts. Circulating concentrations of Se in piglets were greatest （P 〈 0.05） at d 14 and 21 of age compared to all other days. Piglets from gilts supplemented with organic Se had greater （P 〈 0.05） circulating concentrations of Se on d 1 versus piglets from gilts supplemented with no additional Se. The immunoglobulin concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM were lowest （P 〈 0.05） on d 0 and then different sources of Se did not affect the immunoglobulin ncreased when compared to d 1. The addition of concentrations in the gilt or piglet.

关键词： Immunoglobulin Pig Selenium

Stable isotope paleohydrology and chemostratigraphy of the Albian Wayan Formation from the wedge-top depozone,North American Western Interior Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第1期60卷 44-57页

作者： jeffrey B.ROSS Greg A.LUdVIGSON Andreas MOLLER Luis A.GONZALEZ J.d.WALKER department of Geology University of Kansas Kansas Geological Survey University of Kansas

Understanding of the role of atmospheric moisture and heat transport in the climate system of the Cretaceous greenhouse world represents a major challenge in Earth system science.Stable isotopic paleohydrologic data from mid-Cretaceous paleosols in North America,from paleoequatorial to paleoArctic latitudes,have been used to constrain the oxygen isotope mass balance of the Albian hydrologic cycle.Over the range from 40°-50°N paleolatitude,sideritic paleosols predominate,indicating paleoenvironments with positive precipitation-evaporation(P-E)balances.Local exceptions occur on leeward side of the Sevier Orogen,where calcic paleosols in the wedge-top depozone record paleoenvironments with negative P-E balances in the orographic rain shadow.Stratigraphic sections in the Wayan Formation of Idaho(WF)were sampled from the wedge-top depozone.The units consist of stacked m-scale mudstone paleosols separated by m-scale sandstone-siltstone beds.Sections were sampled for organic carbon isotope profiles,and B-horizons from 6 well-developed paleosols were sampled for detrital zircons to determine maximum depositional ages.The first of these from the WF has produced a U-Pb concordia age of 101.0±1.1 Ma.This same WF section has produced a stratigraphic trend of upwardly decreasingδ^(13)C values ranging from-24‰upwards to-27‰VPdB,suggesting correlation to the late Albian C15 C-isotope segment.Pedogenic carbonates from the WF principally consist of micritic calcite,with carbon-oxygen isotope values that array along meteoric calcite lines(MCLs)withδ^(18)O values that range from-9.47‰up to-8.39‰VPdB.At approximately 42°N paleolatitude,these MCL values produce calculated paleoprecipitation values of-8.12‰to-7.04‰VSMOW,a range that is consistent with the estimates produced from other proxies at the same paleolatitudes across North America.These results indicate that despite the orographic rain shadow effect,the processes of meridional atmospheric moisture transport in this locale were similar to those in more humid mid-latitude paleo

关键词：白垩纪古气候 Wayan 形成 Pedogenic 碳酸盐地球年代学

Paths to low-cost hydrogen energy at a scale for transportation applications in the USA and China via liquid-hydrogen distribution networks

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Clean Energy 2020年第1期4卷 26-47页

作者： Xianming Jimmy Li jeffrey d.Allen Jerad A.Stager Anthony Y.Ku NICE America Research 2091 Stierlin CtMountain ViewCA 94043USA National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy PO Box 001Future Science&Technology CityChangping DistrictBeijing 102209P.R.China

The cost of delivered H2 using the liquid-distribution pathway will approach$4.3-8.0/kg in the USA and 26-52 RMB/kg in China by around 2030,assuming large-scale adoption.Historically,hydrogen as an industrial gas and a chemical feedstock has enjoyed a long and successful history.However,it has been slow to take off as an energy carrier for transportation,despite its benefits in energy diversity,security and environmental stewardship.A key reason for this lack of progress is that the cost is currently too high to displace petroleum-based fuels.This paper reviews the prospects for hydrogen as an energy carrier for transportation,clarifies the current drivers for cost in the USA and China,and shows the potential for a liquid-hydrogen supply chain to reduce the costs of delivered H2.Technical and economic trade-offs between individual steps in the supply chain(viz.production,transportation,refuelling)are examined and used to show that liquid-H2(LH2)distribution approaches offer a path to reducing the delivery cost of H2 to the point at which it could be competitive with gasoline and diesel fuel.

关键词： fuel hydrogen liquid transportation infrastructure refuelling hydrogen-distribution pathway

Endoscopy is of low yield in the identification of gastrointestinal neoplasia in patients with dermatomyositis: A cross-sectional study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第26期23卷 4788-4795页

作者： Trilokesh d Kidambi Gabriela Schmajuk Andrew J Gross James W Ostroff Jonathan P Terdiman jeffrey K Lee division of Gastroenterology University of California division of Rheumatology University of California division of Rheumatology San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center

AIM To determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal neoplasia among dermatomyositis patients who underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy and/or colonoscopy.METHOdS A cross-sectional study examining the results of upper endoscopy and colonoscopy in adults with dermatomyositis at an urban, university hospital over a ten year period was performed. Chart review was performed to confirm the diagnosis of dermatomyositis. Findings on endoscopy were collected and statistical analyses stratified by age and presence of symptoms were performed.RESULTS Among 373 adult patients identified through a code based search strategy, only 163 patients had dermatomyositis confirmed by chart review. Of the 47 patients who underwent upper endoscopy, two cases of Barrett's esophagus without dysplasia were identified and there were no cases of malignancy. Of the 67 patients who underwent colonoscopy, no cases of malignancy were identified and an adenoma was identified in 15% of cases. No significant differences were identified in the yield of endoscopy when stratified by age or presence of symptoms.CONCLUSION The yield of endoscopy is low in patients with dermatomyositis and is likely similar to the general population; we identified no cases of malignancy. A code based search strategy is inaccurate for the diagnosis of dermatomyositis, calling into question the results of prior population-based studies. Larger studies with rigorously validated search strategies are necessary to understand the risk of gastrointestinal malignancy in patients with dermatomyositis.

关键词：内视镜检查法 dermatomyositis 结肠癌屏蔽