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国有企业全要素生产率变化及其决定因素：1990－1994

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National preparedness survey of pediatric intensive care units with simulation centers during the coronavirus pandemic

工业经济 1999年第11期 40-48页

作者：孔翔 Rorbert e.Marks 万广华

我国经济改革的成功引起了全世界经济学家的注意。自从80年代后期以来，大量的有关研究我国工业改革和生产率增长的文献出现在各种英文书刊上。就方法论而言，许多研究采用传统的生产函数法。这种方法本身假定所有的企业在技术上都是充...

我国经济改革的成功引起了全世界经济学家的注意。自从80年代后期以来，大量的有关研究我国工业改革和生产率增长的文献出现在各种英文书刊上。就方法论而言，许多研究采用传统的生产函数法。这种方法本身假定所有的企业在技术上都是充分有效的，这种方法在我国生产率变化分析中的运用详见Chen等（1988）和jefferson等（1992 ）的论文。另一些研究运用随机边缘生产函数法。由于这种方法允许企业技术的无效性存在，并将全要素生产率变化分解为企业技术效率的变化和生产可能性边界的移动，因此这种方法比传统的生产函数法更接近于实际情况。这种方法的运用详见Lau和Brada（1990）、Kalirajan 和Cao （1993）、Wu（1993，1996）等的论文。然而，以上论文所使用的都是1990年以前的数据。所得的结论也是类似的：生产率水平从研究初期（80年代早期）的较低水平逐渐提高，一些改革措施被发现对生产率有显著的促进作用。Liu和Liu（1996）在《比较经济学》杂志的一篇论文在对我国几个行业的国有企业的效率进行分析后得出结论说：改革对企业技术效率的影响是明显的，奖金制度对效率改善的影响尤其显著。也有一些研究认为，我国自改革开放以来国有企业的全要素生产率并没有取得实质性的增长，产出的增长主要是靠大量的投入。（Huang，1998； Huang and Men，1997）本文运用中国社科院经济研究所1995年进行的一项国有企业调查所收集的数据，旨在分析我国国有企业在90年代初的全要素生产率的变化情况。这一时期我国国有企业的全要素生产率如何变化？什么是决定国有企业全要素生产率的原因？哪些因素影响国有企业的技术效率？这些是本文试图回答的问题。本研究对目前的有关国有企业改革的讨论在以下两个方面作出了贡献：一是提供了一种全要素生产率变化的计算方法，二是具体估算了1990年到1994年几个行业的全要素生产率变化的情况，并检验了各种改革措施对企业生产率影响的显著性，从而为判断各种改革措施的成败与否提供了定量的依据。本文的其余部分组织如下：第二部分介绍理论模型；第三部分描述数据和所使用的变量；模型的结果分析放在第四部分；第五部分为结语。二、模型框架新古典生产理论通常不允许企业的无效性长期存在，认为如果一个公司的运作不是充分有效的话，那么它最终将被挤出市场。但是这个结论仅在完全竞争的市场上成立，而这种市场在现实中是不存在的。在实践中无效性不仅存在，有时还很普遍。正是认识到这一点， Aiger ， Lovell和Schmidt（1997）以及Meeusen和van den Broeck （1997 ）于1997年首先提出了随机生产边界模型。他们的基本思路是在普通的生产函数的随机量中引入一个非正的部分，用这个部分来捕捉企业的无效性。这一思路可用数学公式表达如下：

关键词：

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2020年第5期9卷 74-87页

作者： Kamal Abulebda Rami A Ahmed Marc A Auerbach Anna M Bona Lauren e Falvo Patrick G Hughes Isabel T Gross elisa J Sarmiento Paul R Barach Department of Pediatrics Division of Critical CareIndiana University School of MedicineRiley Hospital for Children at Indiana University HealthIndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of emergency Medicine School of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatrics Emergency MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06504United States Department of Integrated Medical Science Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL 33431United States Department of emergency Medicine Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06504United States Department of Pediatrics Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMI 48202Jefferson College of Population HealthPhiladelphiaPA19107United States

The coronavirus disease pandemic caught many pediatric hospitals unpreparedand has forced pediatric healthcare systems to scramble as they examine and planfor the optimal allocation of medical resources for the highest priority *** is limited data describing pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) preparednessand their health worker *** describe the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preparedness effortsamong a set of PICUs within a simulation-based network *** A cross-sectional multi-center national survey of PICU medical director(s) fromchildren’s hospitals across the United States. The questionnaire was developedand reviewed by physicians with expertise in pediatric critical care, disasterreadiness, human factors, and survey development. Thirty-five children’shospitals were identified for recruitment through a long-established nationalresearch network. The questions focused on six themes: (1) PICU and medicaldirector demographics;(2) Pediatric patient flow during the pandemic;(3)Changes to the staffing models related to the pandemic;(4) Use of personalprotective equipment (PPe);(5) Changes in clinical practice and innovations;and(6) Current modalities of training including *** report on survey responses from 22 of 35 PICUs (63%). The majority of PICUswere located within children’s hospitals (87%). All PICUs cared for pediatricpatients with COVID-19 at the time of the survey. The majority of PICUs (83.4%)witnessed decreases in non-COVID-19 patients, 43% had COVID-19 dedicatedunits, and 74.6% pivoted to accept adult COVID-19 patients. All PICUsimplemented changes to their staffing models with the most common changesbeing changes in COVID-19 patient room assignment in 50% of surveyed PICUsand introducing remote patient monitoring in 36% of the PICU units. Ninety-fivepercent of PICUs conducted training for donning and doffing of enhanced *** 6 months into the pandemic, one-third of PICUs across the U

关键词： COVID-19 Pediatric intensive care unit Simulation Practice innovations Training Preparedness

Development of a Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy item library and primary symptom list for the assessment of patient-reported adverse events associated with immune checkpoint modulators

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2020年第1期6卷 74-87页

作者： Kimberly A.Webster Mary L.O’Connor Aaron R.Hansen Sheetal Kircher Heather S.L.Jim Adam P.Dicker Monika Janda Kari Ala-leppilampi Clifton O.Bingham III Josephine Feliciano Norah Lynn Henry Laurie e.Steffen McLouth David Cella Department of Medical Social Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA Princess Margaret Cancer Center University Health NetworkToronto M5G 1Z5Canada Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60611USA Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFL 33612USA Department of Radiation Oncology Sidney Kimmel Medical College and Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19107USA Centre for Health Services Research The University of QueenslandQLD 4102Australia Applied Health Research Centre Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt Michael’s HospitalToronto M5B 1W8Canada Divisions of Rheumatology and Allergy and Clinical Immunology Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21224USA Johns Hopkins University Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center BaltimoreMD 21231USA University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center Ann ArborMI 48109USA Department of Behavioral Science Center for Health Equity Transformation and Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKY 40536USA

Aim:To develop a comprehensive item library of patient-reported,immunotherapy-related adverse events(irAes)that draws from and expands on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy(FACIT)Measurement ***:Literature review and iterative expert *** on a literature review of irAes,we developed a framework of immunotherapy classes and their associated *** experts then reviewed iterations of symptom summaries and item maps linked to the immunotherapy *** provided content review and feedback was shared across experts until consensus was *** iterative process facilitated creation of a Primary Symptom List associated with immune checkpoint modulators(ICMs),drawn from the larger set of *** FACIT items were mapped to the symptom list,and new items were written as needed to create the item ***:The full item library of irAes is comprised of 239 items,covering 142 unique symptoms across 75 inflammatory reactions/immune conditions.A subset of 66 items comprises a Primary Symptom List considered most common/relevant to ICM *** includes gastrointestinal,skin,pulmonary,neurologic,musculoskeletal,and multiple miscellaneous and constitutional ***:The FACIT Immunotherapy Item Library is a compilation of 239 self-report items that capture the wide range of Aes experienced by people receiving immune treatments.A subset of 66 items comprises a Primary Symptom List meant for ICM *** of items selected from this library is encouraged in clinical research and clinical practice evaluation.

关键词： Immunotherapy immune checkpoint modulators quality of life immune-related adverse events patient reported outcomes cancer oncology

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杰斐逊传 1版

1643例黑色素细胞结膜肿瘤和非黑色素细胞结膜肿瘤的临床调查

1991年

作者：（美）小坎宁安（Cuningham e.Jr.）朱士清高雨洁译

书名原文:In pursuit of Reason:The life of Thomas jefferson:托马斯·杰斐逊是美国第三任总统。他是著名的资产阶级民主革命家、思想家和科学家。本书系统、生动地记述了他的一生经历。

ISBN: (纸本)7501203326

关键词：杰斐逊学科:传记

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第2期1卷 56-57页

作者： Shields C.L. Demirci H. Karatza e. Shields J.A. 黎黎 Ocular Onco logy Service Wills Eye Hospital Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA United States Dr.

Objective To report the spectrum and frequency of melanocytic and nonmelanocyt ic conjunctival tumors in an ocular oncology practice. Design Retrospective noninterventional case series. Participants One thousand six hundred forty-three consecutive patients with a c onjunctival mass evaluated at an ocular oncology department. Methods A chart rev iew was conducted to obtain the clinical features of the patient and tumor and t o tabulate and categorize the diagnoses. Main outcome measures Tumor diagnosis o verall and relative to patient age, race, and gender and relative to tumor locat ion and laterality. Results In 1643 consecutive patients, the tumor was classifi ed as melanocytic in 872 cases (53%) and nonmelanocytic in 771 cases (47%). Th e nonmelanocytic categories included congenital choristomatous (n=40 2%), epi thelial (n=219 13%), vascular (n=63 4%), fibrous (n=7 eural (n= 1 eukemic (n=3 etastatic (n=13 econdary (n=54 3%) tumors, and no n-neoplastic lesions simulating a tumor (n=206 13%). Of the 872 melanocytic lesions, the specific tumor diagnosis was nevus in 454 cases (52%), melanoma in 215 (25%), and primary acquired melanosis in 180 (21%). Patients with chorist omatous, vascular, fibrous, xanthomatous, and myxomatous tumors presented at a m ean age ofears, and those with malignant epithelial, lipomatous, leukemic, and secondary tumors presented at a mean age of >60. Of the 219 patients with e pithelial tumors, 80%occurred inmales, whereas the incidence of melanocytic les ions was equal in males and females. African-American patients represented only 7%of epithelial tumors,elanomas, and 8%of lymphoid tumors. Conclusio n Conjunctival tumors were of melanocytic origin in 53%of cases and nonmelanocy tic origin in 47%. Overall, melanocytic tumors, epithelial tumors, and lymphoid tumors acco

关键词：黑色素细胞临床调查黑色素沉着病牙瘤黏液瘤瘤样病变上皮型黄色瘤血管瘤黑素瘤

单纯性大疱性表皮松解症:KRT5和KRT14基因的复发突变和新突变、表型/基因型的相关性以及对遗传咨询和产前诊断的意义

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第3期2卷 18-19页

作者： Pfendner e.G. Sadowski S.G. Uitto J. 李翠华 Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Jefferson Medical College BLSB 233 S. 10th Street Philadelphia PA 19107 United States Dr

epidermolysis bullosa simplex (eBS) is a mechano-bullous disorder characterized by intraepidermal blistering within the basal keratinocytes as a result of trauma to the skin. As part of the DNA diagnostics program, our laboratory has analyzed a cohort of 57 patients with the initial referral diagnosis of eBS. Among these patients, 18 were found to harbor heterozygous mutations in the keratin 5 or keratin 14 genes, KRT5 and KRT14, respectively, whereas in 14 cases, the disease was associated with mutations in both alleles of the plectin gene. Among the keratin mutations, 12 were distinct and six were novel, and in most cases there was no family history of a blistering disease. Prenatal diagnosis of eight pregnancies with keratin gene mutations, at risk for eBS either because one of the parents was affected (three cases) or history of a previously affected child as a result of a de novo mutation (five cases), predicted two fetuses being affected and six being normal. No recurrence of the de novo mutations in these pregnancies was disclosed. Collectively, the data suggest that a significant number of cases diagnosed as eBS are due to plectin mutations, and many cases result from de novo mutations in KRT5 and KRT14 genes. These findings have implications for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for eBS.

关键词：大疱性表皮松解症等位基因突变产前诊断表型/基因型 4基因单纯性遗传咨询大疱性皮肤病复发角质形成细胞

Biofabrication and biomanufacturing in Ireland and the UK

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第6期7卷 825-856页

作者： Jack F.Murphy Martha Lavelle Lisa Asciak Ross Burdis Hannah J.Levis Cosimo Ligorio Jamie Mc Guire Marlene Polleres Poppy O.Smith Lucinda Tullie Juan Uribe-Gomez Biqiong Chen Jonathan I.Dawson Julien e.Gautrot Nigel M.Hooper Daniel J.Kelly Vivian S.W.Li Alvaro Mata Abhay Pandit James B.Phillips Wenmiao Shu Molly M.Stevens Rachel L.Williams James P.K.Armstrong Yan Yan Shery Huang Department of engineering University of CambridgeCambridge CB21PZUK Department of Translational Health Sciences Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristol BS13NYUK Department of Biomedical engineering University of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NWUK Department of Materials Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Department of Bioengineering Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Department of eye and Vision Science Institute of Life Course and Medical SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpool L78TXUK Biodiscovery Institute University of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK Department of Chemical and environmental engineering University of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK Centre for Human Development Stem Cells and RegenerationHuman Development and HealthFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton S0166YDUK Division of Neuroscience School of Biological SciencesFaculty of BiologyMedicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PTUK UCL Centre for Nerve engineering Department of PharmacologyUCL School of PharmacyUniversity College LondonLondon WC1N 1AXUK Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory The Francis Crick InstituteLondon NW11ATUK CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesUniversity of GalwayGalway H91 W2TYIreland School of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering Queen’s University BelfastBelfast BT95AHUK School of engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUK Geoffrey jefferson Brain Research Centre Manchester Academic Health Science CentreNorthern Care Alliance and University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Trinity Centre for Biomedical engineering Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Biomedical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre(AMBeR) Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and T

As we navigate the transition from the Fourth to the Fifth Industrial Revolution,the emerging fields of biomanufacturing and biofabrication are transforming life sciences and *** sectors are benefiting from a synergy of synthetic and engineering biology,sustainable manufacturing,and integrated design *** techniques such as 3D bioprinting,tissue engineering,directed assembly,and self-assembly are instrumental in creating biomimetic scaffolds,tissues,organoids,medical devices,and biohybrid *** field of biofabrication in the United Kingdom and Ireland is emerging as a pivotal force in bioscience and healthcare,propelled by cutting-edge research and *** on the production of biologically functional products for use in drug delivery,in vitro models,and tissue engineering,research institutions across these regions are dedicated to innovating healthcare solutions that adhere to ethical standards while prioritising sustainability,affordability,and healthcare system benefits.

关键词： Bioprinting Drug delivery Biomaterials Tissue engineering Sustainability Biohybrid

通过一种新型甘油透明质酸钠/羧甲纤维素生物可吸收生物膜预防术后腹腔粘连:一项前瞻性、随机、盲法评估的多中心研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2005年第11期1卷 7-8页

作者： Cohen Z. Senagore A.J. Dayton M.T. D.e. Beck 陈云茹 Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery Ochsner Clinic Foundation 1514 Jefferson Highway New Orleans LA 70121United StatesDr.

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative abdominal adhesions are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Development of a bioresorbable membrane containing up to 23 percent glycerol and chemically modified sodium hyaluronate/ carboxymethylcellulose offers ease of handling and has been shown to provide significant postoperative adhesion prevention in animals. This study was designed to assess the safety of glycerol hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose and to evaluate its efficacy in reducing the incidence, extent, and severity of postoperative adhesion development in surgical patients. MeTHODS: Twelve centers enrolled 120 patients with ulcerative colitis or familial polyposis who were scheduled for a restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with diverting loop ileostomy. Before surgical closure, patients were randomized to no antiadhesion treatment (control) or treat-ment with glycerol hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose membrane under the midline incision. At ileostomy closure, laparoscopy was used to evaluate the incidence, extent, and severity of adhesion formation to the midline incision. ReSULTS: Data were analyzed using the intent-to-treat population. Treatment with glycerol hyalurona-te/carboxymethylcellulose resulted in 19 of 58 patients (33 percent) with no adhesions compared with 6 of 60 adhesion-free patients (10 percent) in the no treatment control group (P = 0.002). The mean extent of postoperative ad-hesions to the midline incision was significantly lower among patients treated with glycerol hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose compared with patients in the control group (P e severity of postoperative adhesions to the midline incision was significantly less with glycerol hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose than with control (P erse events were similar between treatment and no treatment control groups with the exception of abscess and incisional wound com

关键词：透明质酸钠腹腔粘连生物膜盲法手术切口结肠直肠切除术后正中切口回肠袋息肉病溃疡性结肠炎

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伴混合的肌源性分化的皮肤间叶性错构瘤

世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第8期2卷 8-9页

作者： Schrecengost J.e. Tabbara S. Patterson J. Wick M.R. 党倩丽 OMS/Campus Box 800214 University of Virginia Medical Center 2200 Jefferson Park Avenue Charlottesville VA 22908- 0214 United States Dr.

A 3-month-old infant girl presented with a polypoid lesion in the perianal region. No changes in this lesion had been noted since birth. Microscopic examination of the excised specimen showed a mixture of mesenchymal elements, dominated by haphazard thin fascicles of skeletal muscle. Collagen and vascular changes were also apparent. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for muscle-specific actin and desmin in the fascicular components of the lesion, and smooth muscle actin, desmin, and h-caldesmon positivity in a haphazard collection of muscle fibers in the deep dermis and anal submucosa. Numerous Verhoeff-van Gieson positive elastic fibers were also noted. Hamartomas containing skeletal muscle have rarely been reported outside of the head and neck region. They must be distinguished from a variety of other tumors, including juvenile rhabdomyoma, benign Triton tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma.

关键词：间叶性错构瘤肌源性分化平滑肌肌动蛋白钙调蛋白结合蛋白免疫组化染色皮肤肌纤维束显微镜检查骨骼肌间质细胞