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Empowering Rice Farmers in Nueva Ecija, Philippines: A Strategic Approach to Boosting Income through Special Purpose Rice Production

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第3期14卷 199-214页

作者： Armando c. Lagasca Eugenia G. Baltazar Johnah jefferson S. Mercado Randy L. Kwan Erwin M. Valiente Jerski Jarzen c. Duria University Extension Program Office Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines Department of Agri-Management College of Agriculture Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines Department of Social Science College of Arts and Social Sciences Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines

Low income is the main problem of millions of farmers who are cultivating 4.81 million hectares in the Philippines. This problem is attributed to challenges specifically low yield, low quality of produce, and significant post-harvest losses, particularly in a resource-scarce setting. This study aimed to help increase the farmers’ income in selected towns of Nueva Ecija through the promotion and use of special purpose rice production technology. Twenty (20) farmer-cooperators in three towns of Nueva Ecija were selected to demonstrate the production technology covering a total area of 4.75 hectares during the dry season, and 3.3 hectares during the wet season, both in 2023. Extension modalities such as training, techno-demo establishment, information material and technical assistance provision, and market linkage were undertaken to enhance their knowledge, attitude, and skills on special rice production and enterprise. The study utilized the descriptive quantitative method wherein the data were gathered through surveys, specifically personal interviews. Results showed that 70% of the farmer-cooperators were male and 60% were living below the poverty threshold. The farmers were 53 years old on average and engaged in farming as their primary source of income. The average yield of special purpose rice particularly the cLS-2 variety was higher (6.46 MT/ha and 6.22 MT/ha during dry and wet seasons, respectively) than that of inbred or non-special rice. The income per hectare from special purpose rice production per hectare was Php 75,420.00, which is higher than that of regular rice at Php 29,389.00, giving a higher benefit of Php 46,031.00. The technology adopters and area planted increased (from 6 to 9 and from 1.4 hectares to 2.75 hectares, respectively) in Licab, Nueva Ecija. The opposite was true in Sto. Domingo and Guimba, Nueva Ecija where farmers were discouraged by the marketing issues that arose.

关键词： Special Purpose Rice Technology Promotion Extension Modality

Van der Waals force-induced intralayer ferroelectric-to-antiferroelectric transition via interlayer sliding in bilayer group-Ⅳmonochalcogenides

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npj computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 446-454页

作者： Bo Xu Junkai Deng Xiangdong Ding Jun Sun jefferson Zhe Liu State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi’an Jiaotong University710049Xi’anChina Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia

Two-dimensional materials with ferroelectric properties break the size effect of conventional ferroelectric materials and unlock unprecedented potentials of ferroelectric-related application at small length *** first-principles calculations,a sliding-induced ferroelectric-to-antiferroelectric behavior in bilayer group-IV monochalcogenides(MX,with M=Ge,Sn and X=S,Se)is *** this mechanism,the top layer exhibits a reversible intralayer ferroelectric switching,leading to a reversible transition between the ferroelectric and antiferroelectric states in the bilayer *** results show that the interlayer van der Waals interaction,which is usually considered to be weak,can actually generate an in-plane lattice distortion and thus cause the breaking/forming of intralayer covalent bonds in the top layer,leading to the observed anomalous *** unique property has advantages for energy harvesting over existing piezoelectric and triboelectric *** interlayer sliding-induced big polarization change(40μc cm^(−2))and ultrahigh polarization changing rate generate an open-circuit voltage two orders of magnitude higher than that of MoS_(2)-based *** theoretical prediction of power output for this bilayer MXs at a moderate sliding speed 1 m s^(−1)is four orders of magnitude higher than the MoS_(2)nanogenerator,indicating great potentials in energy harvesting applications.

关键词： ferroelectric interlayer layer

The Performance of Small Diameter Aluminum Light Support Structures containing Handholes under cyclic Fatigue

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Open Journal of civil Engineering 2024年第2期14卷 196-213页

作者： cameron R. Rusnak Aya Al-Hamami craig c. Menzemer Department of Science Technology and Mathematics Lincoln University of Missouri Jefferson Missouri USA Auburn Science and Engineering center Department of Civil Engineering The University of Akron Akron Ohio USA

Aluminum light poles play a pivotal role in modern infrastructure, ensuring proper illumination along highways and in populated areas during nighttime. These poles typically feature handholes near their bases, providing access to electrical wiring for installation and maintenance. While essential for functionality, these handholes introduce a vulnerability to the overall structure, making them a potential failure point. Although prior research and analyses on aluminum light poles have been conducted, the behavior of smaller diameter poles containing handholes remains unexplored. Recognizing this need, a research team at the University of Akron undertook a comprehensive experimental program involving aluminum light poles with handholes containing welded inserts in order to gain a better understanding of their fatigue life, mechanical behavior, and failure mechanisms. The research involved testing seven large-scale aluminum light poles each 8-inch diameter, with two separate handholes. These handholes included a reinforcement that was welded to the poles. Finite Element Analysis (FEA), statistical analysis, and comparison analysis with their large counterparts (10-inch diameter) were used to augment the experimental results. The results revealed two distinct failure modes: progressive crack propagation leading to ultimate failure, and rupture of the pole near the weld initiation/termination site around the handhole. The comparison analysis indicated that the 8-inch diameter specimens exhibited an average fatigue life exceeding that of their 10-inch counterparts by an average of 30.7%. The experimental results were plotted alongside the fatigue detail classifications outlined in the Aluminum Design Manual (ADM), enhancing understanding of the fatigue detail category of the respective poles/handholes.

关键词： Light Pole Handhole cyclic Fatigue Fatigue Analysis Finite Element Analysis Statistical Analysis

Evaluation of Key Players of Longganisa (Pork Sausage) Industry in cabanatuan city, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第10期13卷 659-670页

作者： Johnah jefferson S. Mercado University Extension Program Office Central Luzon State University Science City of Muñoz Philippines

The objective of the research was to assess the major participants in the Longganisa (Pork Sausage) industry in cabanatuan city, Nueva Ecija. The study employed direct interviews using a structured survey questionnaire, targeting input providers, growers, hog dealers/traders, processors, vendors, and consumers. These interviews helped to map out the specific value chain for Longganisa in cabanatuan city, Nueva Ecija. Recommendations were provided to address the identified gaps and enhance the Longganisa industry in cabanatuan city. The Longganisa industry serves as a valuable means of livelihood and income for small-scale meat processors and vendors in the city. The support provided by the Local Government Unit (LGU), Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), and cabanatuan city Supermarket Vendors Multi-Purpose cooperative (c2SVMPc) has proven immensely beneficial to the Longganisa industry. This support encompasses technical assistance, financial aid, promotional activities, and the provision of facilities, all aimed at enhancing the industry’s adherence to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and overall improvement.

关键词： Value Addition Meat Processing Support

Assessing the Sustainability of Underground Space Usage——A Toolkit for Testing Possible Urban Futures

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 211-222页

作者： D.V.L.HUNT I.jefferson c.D.F.ROGERS The University of Birmingham

A description of the future as it might be without forecasts, predictions and trend analysis can be referred to as a 'future scenario'. An abundance of scenarios literature exists in which numerous pictures have been painted of changed future worlds. However, upon closer inspection it becomes apparent that virtually all of this literature refers to changes occurring above ground, ignoring the inevitable consequences (or opportunities) for sustainable use of underground space, not least in densely populated urban areas, some of which may be underlain by complex geological conditions. This paper reports on the development (to date) of an 'Urban Futures' (UF) toolkit for sub-surface environments (including infrastructure and utilities) which, through use of 'key' questions 'sustainable' indicators and a 'contextual' narrative, allows for better definition and measured performance of underground space in the UK, both today and in the future. The toolkit explores possible uses for underground space within 4 plausible and well-cited future scenarios (i.e. New Sustainability Paradigm, Fortress World, Market Forces and Policy Reform). This forms part of a much larger generic toolkit which the UF research team are developing for exploring possible future scenarios over a range of UK urban regeneration case study areas.

关键词：地下空间城市地区工具包可持续性期货评估测试可持续利用

Towards Inclusive Development: Situating the Socio-Economic Wellbeing and Environmental Issues of an Indigenous cultural community in the Philippines

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第6期13卷 367-386页

作者： Jerski Jarzen c. Duria Eugenia G. Baltazar Johnah jefferson S. Mercado Armando c. Lagasca college of Arts and Social Sciences University Extension Program Office Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines college of Agriculture University Extension Program Office Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines

The Municipality of carranglan is a rural community where agriculture is the main source of livelihood. The Kalanguya Ancestral Domain (KAD) is also located in the area, and it provides a home for the Kalanguya indigenous cultural community. They have fled to the area for a variety of reasons. Despite its rural setting, carranglan is regarded as a first-class municipality and the largest municipality in Nueva Ecija. This study described and documented the socio-economic profile, and existing issues and problems the Kalanguya Indigenous Peoples (IPs) experienced in their milieu, especially in terms of environmental protection. Recognizing and valuing their perspectives is vital for inclusive development. This study also situated the current status and conditions of the IPs, who generally live below the poverty line and face a range of plights and challenges. As part of safeguarding indigenous rights and interests, this study was undertaken after series of consultations with community elders and leaders. Key informant interviews, household surveys, semi-structured interviews, focused-group discussion (FGD), and direct observations were used to elicit information. Many of the respondents are elementary undergraduates which show that the community had lacked access to education. The following are the primary socioeconomic issues confronting IPs: insufficient access to potable water, suboptimal agricultural productivity, meager monthly income, and a dearth of supplementary and alternative livelihood opportunities. Forest fires, landslides, encroachment of illegal loggers, and concerns about wildlife resources are some of the current environmental issues they have encountered. The local population was supportive of plans and actions targeted at improving the environment. This reveals that the IPs possess unique indigenous forest expertise that enables them to properly manage natural resources.

关键词： Indigenous People Rural Development Rural Sociology Environmental Problems and conservation Extension and community Intervention carranglan Nueva Ecija

Motor speed estimation and failure detection of a small UAV using density of maxima

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021年第7期22卷 1002-1009页

作者： jefferson S.SOUZA Moises c.BEZERRIL Mateus A.SILVA Frank c.VERAS Abel LIMA-FILHO Jorge Gabriel RAMOS Alisson V.BRITO Laboratory of System Engineering and Robotics Federal University of ParaibaJoao PessoaBrazil Department of Information Systems Federal University of PiauiPicosBrazil Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of ParaibaJoao PessoaBrazil Department of Physics Federal University of ParaibaJoao PessoaBrazil

This work presents the application of the technique named signal analysis based on chaos using density of maxima to analyze brushless direct current *** uses a correlation coefficient estimated from the density of maxima of the current *** study demonstrates in experiments the speed estimation of a brushless motor on a testbench and failure detection in a small flying *** experimental results demonstrate that it is possible to estimate the speed in 97.8%of the cases and to detect failure in 82.75%of the analyzed cases.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) Speed identification Failure detection chaos

Molecular dynamics simulations of the electric double layer capacitance of graphene electrodes in mono-valent aqueous electrolytes

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Nano Research 2016年第1期9卷 174-186页

作者： Gengping Jiang chi cheng Dan Li jefferson Zhe Liu Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Monash University VIC 3800 Australia Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash University VIC 3800 Australia Monash center forAtomically Thin Materials Monash University VIC 3800 Australia

Electrical double layer （EDL） capacitors based on recently emergent graphene materials have shown several folds performance improvement compared to conventional porous carbon materials, driving a wave of technology breakthrough in portable and renewable energy storage. Accordingly, much interest has been generated to pursue a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental yet elusive double layer structure at file electrode^electrolyte interface. In this paper, we carried out comprehensive molecular dynamics simulations to obtain a com- prehensive picture of how ion type, solvent properties, and charging conditions affect the EDL structure at the graphene electrode surface, and thereby its contribution to capacitance. We show that different symmetrical monovalent aqueous electrolytes M^X- （M~ = Na~, K~, Rb＋, and cs＋; X- = F-, cI-, and I ） indeed have distinctive EDL structures. Larger ions, such as, Rb＊, cs＊, c1, and I, undergo partial dehydration and penetrate through the first water layer next to the graphene electrode surfaces under charging. As such, the electrical potential distribution through the EDL strongly depends on the ion type. Interestingly, we further reveal that the water can play a critical role in determining the capacitance value. The change of dielectric constant of water in different electrolytes largely cancels out the variance in electric potential drop across the EDL of different ion type. Our simulation sheds new lights on how the interplay between solvent molecules and EDL structure cooperatively contributes to capacitance, which agrees with our experimental results well.

关键词： graphene supercapacitor molecular dynamic.simulations electric double layerstructures aqueous electrolyte monovalent ions

The 4700 aB.P. volcanic signal detected in Vostok BH8 ice core, Antarctica

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chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第22期50卷 2636-2639页

作者： LIU Leibao KANG Jiancheng Jean R. Petit jefferson c. simoes Martine De Angelis Polar Research Institute of china Shanghai 200136 China Institute of Environment and Biogeochemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement CNRS BP 96 Saint Martin d'Heres France Laboratório de Pesquisas Antárticas e Glaciológicas Instituto de Geociencias UFRGS Av. Bento Goncalves 950091501-970 - Porto Alegre RS - Brazil Department of Geography Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China

The detailed electrical conductivity measure- ment (EcM), trace chemical compositions and microparti- cles concentration analysis are performed for BH8 ice core from the depth of 126.0m to 130.0m at Vostok Station. At depth 128.7m, a volcanic signal 4726 a B.P. is detected. The volcanic sulphate flux is 95.8 kg·km?2, sulphate peak concen- tration 1352.8 ng·g?1, duration time about 10.1 years, com- parable with some well-known volcanic events. The results indicate that it seems to be a relatively large scale, long last- ing volcanic signal with farther volcanic origin.

关键词：南极洲火山岩电传导率微粒子浓度分析