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Towards predicting biochar impacts on plant-available soil nitrogen content

Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 1040-1054页

作者： Claire L.Phillips Kylie M.Meyer Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo Clara S.weidman Catherine E.Stewart Thomas wanzek Michael A.Grusak Donald w.watts jeff Novak Kristin M.Trippe USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment AmesIAUSA USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit CorvallisORUSA Department of Environmental Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA USDA-ARS Soil Management and Sugarbeet Research Unit Ft.CollinsCOUSA USDA-ARS Edward T.Schafer Agricultural Research Center FargoNDUSA USDA-ARS Coastal Plain Soil Waterand Plant Research CenterFlorenceSCUSA

Biochars can improve soil health but have been widely shown to reduce plant-available nitrogen(N)owing to their high carbon(C)content,which stimulates microbial ***,because biochars contain large amounts of C that are not microbially available,their total elemental C:N ratio does not correspond well with impacts on soil *** hypothesized that impacts on soil plant-available N would relate to biochar mineralizable-C(C_(min))content,and that C:N ratios of the mineralizable biochar component could provide a means for predicting conditions of net soil N-mineralization *** conducted two laboratory experiments,the first measuring biochar C_(min)from respiration of isotopically labeled barley biochars manufactured at 300,500,and 750℃,and the second characterizing C_(min)by proxy measurements for ten biochars from six feedstocks at several *** both experiments,soils were incubated with 2%biochar by mass to determine impacts to soil *** to expectation,all the biochars increased soil N-mineralization relative to unamended *** unexpected,higher temperature(500 and 700℃)barley biochars with less C_(min)stimulated more soil decomposition and more soil N-mineralization than a 350℃barley ***,across diverse biochar feedstocks and production methods,none of the biochar characteristics correlated with soil *** finding of improved soil N-mineralization adds complexity to the range of soil N responses that can be expected in response to biochar *** of the limited ability to predict soil N responses from biochar properties,users should monitor soil N to manage soil fertility.

关键词： C:N ratio Plant-available nitrogen Priming Respiration ^(13)C

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21st century astronomy / 1st ed.

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2002年

作者： jeff Hester ... [et al.].

Includes index.

ISBN: (数字)0393974006

ISBN: (纸本)0393974006

Includes index.

关键词： Astronomy.

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The Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Meta-Vanadate under Restricted Flow Conditions

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2017年第1期8卷 35-50页

作者： Lori R. Brock jeff w. Keister Michelle France Nathan Fierro Thomas C. DeVore Department of Chemistry James Madison University Harrisonburg VA USA

The products obtained during the thermal decomposition of ammonium meta-vanadate depend on the configuration of the container, the mass of the sample, the heating rate and the composition of the carrier gas. The decomposition in an uncapped container produced (NH4)2V4O11, NH4V3O8, and V2O5 as the apparent stable products while the products in a capped container were NH4V3O8, and V2Ox where x was between 4 and 5. These differences are attributed to the different amounts of the evolved gases in the cell. EGA-FTIR clearly established that the reduced final product in the capped cell resulted from a reaction between NH3 and the V2O5 formed during the decomposition. A pre-equilibrium kinetics model where the rate of the reverse reaction depends on the partial pressure of the gaseous products in the cell could explain the different reaction intermediates. This model provides a possible explanation for the different apparent activation energies that have been reported for the thermal decomposition of other compounds where a reversible step could occur in the decomposition mechanism.

关键词： Ammonium Meta-Vanadate Thermal Decomposition Kinetics Activation Energy

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International financial management = 国际金融管理第7版

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丛书名：当代全美MBA经典教材书系

2003年

作者： jeff Madura

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The onset of deep recycling of supracrustal materials at the Paleo-Mesoarchean boundary

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National Science Review 2022年第3期9卷 110-118页

作者： Xiaolei wang Ming Tang jeff Moyen Di wang Alfred Kr?ner Chris Hawkesworth Xiaoping Xia Hangqiang Xie Carl Anhaeusser Axel Hofmann Junyong Li Linsen Li State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans UMR6524 Université de LyonUJM-UCA-CNRS-IRD Institut für Geowissenschaften Universit?t Mainz Department of Earth Sciences University of Bristol State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences SHRIMP Center Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Economic Geology Research Unit University of the Witwatersrand Department of Geology University of Johannesburg

The recycling of supracrustal materials, and in particular hydrated rocks, has a profound impact on mantle composition and thus on the formation of continental crust, because water modifies the physical properties of lithological systems and the mechanisms of partial melting and fractional fractionation. On the modern Earth, plate tectonics offers an efficient mechanism for mass transport from the Earth’s surface to its interior, but how far this mechanism dates back in the Earth’s history is still uncertain. Here, we use zircon oxygen(O) isotopes to track recycling of supracrustal materials into the magma sources of early Archean igneous suites from the Kaapvaal Craton, southern Africa. The mean δ18O values of zircon from TTG(tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite) rocks abruptly increase at the Paleo-Mesoarchean boundary(ca.3230 million years ago; Ma), from mantle zircon values of 5‰–6‰ to approaching 7.1‰, and this increase occurs in ≤3230 Ma rocks with elevated Dy/Yb ratios. The18O enrichment is a unique signature of low-temperature water–rock interaction on the Earth’s surface. Because the later phase was emplaced into the same crustal level as the older one and TTG magmas would derive from melting processes in the garnet stability field(>40 km depth), we suggest that this evident shift in TTG zircon O isotopic compositions records the onset of recycling of the mafic oceanic crust that underwent seawater hydrothermal alteration at low temperature. The onset of the enhanced recycling of supracrustal materials may also have developed elsewhere in other Archean cratons and reflects a significant change in the tectonic realm during craton formation and stabilization, which may be important processes for the operation of plate tectonics on early Earth.

关键词： zircon oxygen isotopes TTG plate tectonics deep recycling Paleo-Mesoarchean boundary

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Multimedia Studio win w/CD-ROM

Multimedia Studio Win W/CD-ROM

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1995年

作者： jeff Burger

ISBN: (纸本)9780679755906

From the Publisher: This high-power book/CD-ROM package is a complete software toolkit that shows windows users how to produce professional-quality multimedia, including dynamic multimedia presentations, time-based productions, and interactive projects. It covers each step of a multimedia project, and provides the tools and know-how that will put multimedia developers on the road to success.

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15分钟英文早操听电影学会话 4

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2005年

作者： jeff Hammons 王复国总编审

本书内容选自相关电影对白，着重“口语表达能力”的训练，强调听和说的练习，每章有八个步骤，并穿插听、说、读等不同的学习活动。

ISBN: (数字)7313038933

ISBN: (纸本)7313038933

本书内容选自相关电影对白，着重“口语表达能力”的训练，强调听和说的练习，每章有八个步骤，并穿插听、说、读等不同的学习活动。

关键词：语言、文字常用外国语

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Cardiovascular effects of hemoglobin response in patients receiving epoetin alfa and oral iron in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2014年第2期11卷 100-105页

作者： Sirish Vullaganti jeff Goldsmith Sergio Teruya Julissa Alvarez Stephen Helmke Mathew S. Maurer Clinical Cardiovascular Research Lab for the Elderly Allen Hospital of New York Presbyterian Hospital 5141 Broadway 3 Field West Room 037 New York NY 10032 USA Columbia Mailman School of Public Health 722 W 168th Street Rm 630 New York NY 10032 USA

Background Previous data from a recently conducted prospective, single blind randomized clinical trial among community dwelling older patients with heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction （HFPEF） and anemia randomized to treatment with epoetin alfa （erythro-poiesis-stimulating agents, ESA） vs. placebo did not demonstrate significant benefits of therapy regarding left ventricular （LV） structure, functional capacity, or quality of life （QOL）. However, several patients randomized to the treatment arm were non-responders with a subop-timal increase in hemoglobin. All patients in the trial also received oral ferrous gluconate, which could have contributed to increases in he-moglobin observed in those receiving placebo. Accordingly, we performed an analysis separating patients into responders vs. non-responders in order to determine if measured improvement in anemia would have any effect on clinical endpoints. Methods A total of 56 patients （age 77 ± 11 years, 68%female） were recruited who had anemia defined as a hemoglobin of≤12 g/dL （average, 10.4 ± 1 g/dL） with HFPEF defined as having NHANES-CHF （National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey：Congestive Heart Failure） criteria score of≥3 and an ejection fraction of＆gt;40%（average EF=63%±15%）. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either ESA and ferrous gluconate or ferrous gluconate only. In this analysis, a responder was defined as a patient with an increase of 1 g/dL in the first 4 weeks of the trial. Re-sults Nineteen subjects were classified as responders compared to 33 non-responders. while the average hemoglobin increased signifi-cantly at the end of 6 months for responders （1.8 ± 0.3 vs. 0.8 ± 0.2 g/dL, P = 0.004）, 50% of the subjects assigned to ESA were non-responders. Left ventricular function including ejection fraction （P=0.32） and end diastolic volume （P=0.59） was unchanged in res-ponders compared to non-responders. Responders also showed no significant improvements in New York Heart Assoc

关键词： Heart failure Anemia Erythropoetin stimulating agents

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A New Method of the Production of the THZ Electromagnetic wave and Electromagnetic Paticle’s Flows and Other Application

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Natural Science 2014年第14期6卷 1186-1196页

作者： Yin Ye Lun Fei Youngqiang Zhu Chun jeff Shi Huang Shen Xia The College of Information Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai China The Shanghai Shguhuang Particle’s Flows Science and Technology Company Shanghai China

This paper reveals that a new method of the production of the THZ electromagnetic wave and electromagnetic particle’s flows is using a solid-consisted body, and the solid-consisted body is formed of the polylayer’s parallel nonferromagnetic knitted conductance’s nets: when a large powered (around 1000 w) microwave (2.45 G) once comes into the solid-consisted body, a change from microwave to electromagnetic particle’s flows takes place and it does not have a place-phase of the wave by its reflection and transmission between net and other net limitless times;and when the surface-induction’s current produces the electron’s transition in the net-holes, the THZ electro-magnetic wave is produced, and the THZ electromagnetic wave is divided into two parts: single frequency and continuous spectrum. when the THZ electromagnetic wave and the electromagnetic particle’s flows illuminate the living beings, the living beings will live better.

关键词： Knitted Conducted Net THZ Electromagnetic wave Electromagnetic Particle’s Flows Live Better

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微波光导纤维展望

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上海航天(中英文) 1987年第1期 58-62页

作者： jeff D.Montgomery ,Frank w.Dixon ,陈华山

预测今后十年中微波系统用光纤的需求,徽波光纤迅速普及的一个主要因素是它的损耗极小;概要介绍光纤在遥控中心、相控阵、频谱分析仪、延迟线信号处理器、导弹制导和模/数转换装置中应用的优越性及使用方式;对各种光纤的性能改进作了展望.

关键词：光学纤维微波电路

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