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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Medical and Paramedical Staff in Blood Transfusion in the Democratic Republic of Congo

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第8期4卷 672-680页

作者： jeff Maotela Kabinda Serge Ahuka Miyanga Philippe Donnen jeff van den ende Michèle-Wilmet Dramaix Free University of Brussels Brussels Belgium School of Public Health Brussels Belgium Centre for Policy and Health Systems/International Health Brussels Belgium Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Belgium Provincial Blood Transfusion Centre of Bukavu Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo Provincial Blood Transfusion Centre of Bukavu Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo Catholic University of Bukavu Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo Research Centre in Biostatistics and Epidemiology Brussels Belgium Research Centre in Biostatistics and Epidemiology Brussels Belgium Free University of Brussels Brussels Belgium School of Public Health Brussels Belgium

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of providers in blood transfusion, HIV infections and hepatitis B and C in the province of South Kivu (eastern DRC). Methods: This study is comparative cross-sectional. It covered all the staff care. Our sample was composed by doctors, nurses, midwives, and agents’ rapid training in activity in health sector in South Kivu between 1 December 2011 and 30 December 2011. Those medical and paramedical staffs came from 12 general reference hospitals, 11 hospitals and 65 health centers in the province of South Kivu. Three hundred and ninety three people were interviewed including 6.5% of physicians, 87.4% of nurses and 5.1% of midwives. Among them, 25.5% had received training in blood transfusion. Results: Overall, 11.7% of providers responded correctly to questions on knowledge and attitude on blood safety. The proportion of correct answers on the knowledge and attitude on exposure accidents was 53.8%. The frequency of caregivers who responded well to the basics of HIV and hepatitis B and C was 15.5%. Notions about the type of donor blood and the risk of blood transfusion received an overall rating of 17.8% and the proportion of correct answers on the knowledge and practice base of blood transfusion was 16.7%. During the six months following the survey, 54.4% of providers have experienced accidental exposure to blood. Conclusion: The lack of knowledge of the medical staff in transfusion is obvious. We must therefore have the possibility of organizing regular training and follow-up activities.

关键词： Health Personnel Transfusion Hepatitis HIV

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Residual Risk of Transmission of HIV and Hepatitis B and C by Blood Transfusion in Bukavu in the Democratic Republic of Congo

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2014年第3期4卷 157-163页

作者： jeff Maotela Kabinda André Nyandwe Bulabula Philippe Donnen Réné Fiasse jeff van den ende Daniel Sondag-Thull Dramaix-Wilmet Michèle Catholic University of Bukavu Bukavu Congo Provincial Blood Transfusion Centre of Bukavu Bukavu Congo

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rates of HIV1/2 antibodies, HBV and HCV antibodies among voluntary blood donors and to estimate the residual risk of HIV, HBV and HCV infection among blood donors in Bukavu. We conducted a follow-up cohort study of volunteer blood donors who have made at least two blood donations in Bukavu (DRC) between January 2010 and December 2012. We recorded 2986 volunteer blood donors during the study period. The residual risk of viral transmission associated with the serological window was considered as equals to the incidence rate multiplied by the duration of the serological window period divided by 365. Seroprevalence in volunteer blood donors in Bukavu was 1.1% for HIV 1/2 antibodies, 4.0% for HBs Ag and 2.1% for hepatitis C antibody. The number of conversion between two blood donations (incident cases) were observed is 8, 12 and 37 donors respectively for HIV 1/2, HCV and hepatitis B between 2010 and 2012. Incidence rates reported for 1000 person-years were 11.0 for HIV, 51.7 for HBV and 17.1 for HCV. The residual risk as estimated from the window was 0.6 per 1000 donations or 1/1.515 donations for HIV, 3.1 per 1000 donations or 1/329 for HCV and 7.9 per 1000 donations or 1/126 donations for hepatitis B. The residual risk is high. The screening tests are not enough to ensure safe blood. The reduction of residual risk would be achieved through the effectiveness of preventive measures taken for transfusion chain, before and after the biological qualification of blood donation.

关键词： Residual Risk Hepatitis HIV Blood Donation

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The effect of host plants on genotype variability in fitness and honeydew composition of Aphis fabae

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 781-788页

作者： Sharon Schillewaert Amelie vantaux Wim van den ende Tom Wenseleers Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution Biology Department Zoological Institute University of Leuven Leuven Belgium Institut Pasteur du Cambodge Unite d'Epidemiologie Moleculaire du Paludisme Phnom Penh Cambodia Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology Biology Department University of Leuven Leuven Belgium

Aphid species can be polyphagous, feeding on multiple host plants across genera. As host plant species can have large variation in their phloem composition, this can affect aphid fitness and honeydew composition. Previous research showed significant intraspecific genotype variation in the composition of the honeydew carbohydrates of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, with the ant attractant trisaccharide melezitose showing especially large variation across different genotypes. In this study, we test if variation in melezitose and carbohydrate composition of aphid honeydew could be linked to the adap- tation of specific aphid genotypes to particular host plants. To this end, 4 high and 5 low melezitose secreting genotypes of the black bean aphid Aphisfabae were reared on 4 com- mon host plants： broad bean, goosefoot, beet, and poppy. The carbohydrate composition, and in particular melezitose secretion, showed important aphid genotype and host plant in- teractions, with some genotypes being high melezitose secreting on 1 host plant but not on another. However, the interaction effects were not paralleled in the fitness measurements, even though there were significant differences in the average fitness across the different host plants. On the whole, this study demonstrates that aphid honeydew composition is influenced by complex herbivore-plant interactions. We discuss the relevance of these findings in the context of ant-aphid mutualisms and adaptive specialization in aphids.

关键词： aphids Aphis fabae ecological specialization fitness honeydew hostplants Melezitose polyphagous

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Diversity and delimitation of Rhizopus microsporus

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第1期64卷 145-163页

作者： Somayeh Dolatabadi Grit Walther A.H.G.Gerrits van den ende G.S.de Hoog CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre P.O.Box 851673508 AD UtrechtThe Netherlands Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Institute of Microbiology Department of Microbiology and Molecular BiologyUniversity of JenaJenaGermany Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute Jena Microbial Resource CollectionJenaGermany Research Center for Medical Mycology Peking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology Changzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina

Rhizopus microsporus has been used for centuries in the production of oriental fermented foods,but the species is also known as a toxin producer and from severe human *** study the diversity and species delimitation of Rhizopus microsporus,48 isolates from the reference collection of the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre,comprising nine environmental,ten clinical,and 23 foodborne strains,in addition to six strains from unknown sources and representing all existing varieties of the species,were *** diversity was based on the internal transcribed spacer(ITS),and on a part of the actin(ACT)and translation elongation factor 1-α(TEF)*** in physiological properties were assessed including temperature *** morphology was studied,mating type tests were performed,and MALDI-ToF profiles were *** and food-associated strains as well as members of different varieties mated successfully and consequently they belong to a single biological *** differences did not match with any other parameter *** on these results the varieties of Rhizopus microsporus are reduced to synonyms.

关键词： Rhizopus microsporus Phylogeny Taxonomy Physiology MALDI-ToF Mating type Foodborne fungi Medical mycology Sporulation

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Sucrose Induction of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Mediated by DELLA

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Molecular Plant 2014年第3期7卷 570-572页

作者： Yi Li Wire van den ende Filip Rolland Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology KU Leuven Department of Biology Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 B-3001 Leuven Belgium

Dear Editor, While they affect all aspects of plant life, the exact molecu- lar mechanisms involved in sugar sensing and signaling are still mostly unknown. However, using the induction of antho- cyanin biosynthesis as a convenient readout and tool, the DELLA proteins can be identified as key positive regulators in sucrose-specific signaling and a point of integration of diverse metabolic and hormonal signals.

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Laboratory study on the formation of Al2O3 inclusions at the on-set of deoxidation and during reoxidation

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2011年第1期5卷 69-76页

作者： Marie-Aline van ende Muxing GUO Bart BLANPAIN Patrick WOLLANTS Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 44- bus 2450 BE-3001 Leuven Belgium Unite d＇lngeniede des Materiaux et des Procedes Universite Catholique de Louvain Place Sainte Barbe 2 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium

The formation of Al2O3 inclusions in liquid iron has been investigated in a resistance heated tube furnace to obtain deoxidation and reoxidation related data. The formation of inclusions during the early stages of deoxidation was simulated by bringing a piece of AI in contact for a short time with liquid Fe containing different dissolved oxygen levels. Reoxidation was studied by exposing AI containing Fe melts to a CO/CO2 atmosphere, Through modeling, an estimate of the local and time-dependent growth conditions for the inclusions can be made and linked to the inclusion characteristics.

关键词： steel cleanliness Al2O3 inclusions deoxidation reoxidation morphology

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Multilocus analysis of the Exophiala jeanselmei clade containing black yeasts involved in opportunistic disease in humans

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第2期65卷 3-16页

作者： Jingsi Zeng Peiying Feng A.H.G.Gerrits van den ende Liyan Xi M.J.Harrak G.S.de Hoog Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre P.O.Box 851673508 AD Utrechtthe Netherlands Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands Department of Dermatology and Venereology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong Science and Technology UniversityWuhanChina Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Peking University Health Science Center Research Center for Medical MycologyBeijingChina Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology Changzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina

To confirm species delimitations in the‘jeanselmeiclade’in the Chaetothyriales,four independent markers were analysed,and phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using different *** isolation within the complex and reproductive modes in the species involved were determined,in order to explore specific borderlines using Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition(GCPSR).Sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer(ITS),partial Translation Elongation Factor 1-α(TEF1),β-Tubulin(BT2),and Actin(ACT1)genes were analysed for a set of 81 *** reconstruction was performed using neighbour-joining(NJ),maximum parsimony(MP),maximum likelihood(ML)and Bayesian analysis(BA)to evaluate the concordance of topologies obtained under different optimization *** among lineages was detected by Partition Homogeneity Test(PHT).Most Exophiala species analysed in this study seemed to be preponderantly clonal.A group of species around Exophiala spinifera showed a tendency toward human pathogenicity,whereas species around *** were often associated with environments rich in *** the tree topologies were not completely identical when different algorithms were used,the four gene lineages were nearly congruent and the trees of the combined multilocus data set did not provide more phylogenetic information than those of separate data *** data are sufficient for identification of species in the‘jeanselmei-clade’.

关键词： Black yeasts Clonality Exophiala ITS diagnostics Phylogeny

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Taxonomy of Ochroconis, genus including opportunistic pathogens on humans and animals

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第2期65卷 89-126页

作者： K.Samerpitak E.van der Linde H.-J.Choi A.H.G.Gerrits van den ende M.Machouart C.Gueidan G.S.de Hoog CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre UtrechtThe Netherlands Department of Microbiology Faculty of MedicineKhon Kaen UniversityKhon KaenThailand Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Mycology Unit Biosystematics ProgrammePlant Protection Research InstituteAgricultural Research CouncilPretoriaSouth Africa Evangelisches und Johanniter Klinikum Niederrhein DuisburgGermany Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie CHU de BraboisVandœuvre-lès-NancyFrance Department Life Sciences Division of Microbial&Genomic DiversityNatural History MuseumLondonUK Peking University Health Science Center Research Center for Medical MycologyBeijingChina Sun-Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Second Medical Military University ShanghaiChina

The genus Ochroconis(Sympoventuriaceae,Venturiales)is revised and currently contains 13 species for which the phylogenetic position has been determined using multilocus *** older generic name Scolecobasidium is considered to be of doubtful identity because the type specimen is *** the Ochroconis lineage,phylogenetic distances of all markers analyzed are exceptionally large,both between and within species.A new genus Verruconis is proposed for the neurotropic opportunist Ochroconis *** accepted within the lineages are keyed out on the basis of phenotypic *** ecological traits within each species are *** species are thermophilic and one of them is an important agent of infection in the brain,while Ochroconis is mesophilic,several species causing infections in cold-blooded animals.

关键词： Taxonomy Ecology Thermophilic fungi Human infection Avian pathogen Fish pathogen Neurotropism

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FactSage Thermodynamic Database for Steelmaking Refractory Research

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China's Refractories 2015年第1期24卷 15-21页

作者： In-Ho JUNG Marie-Aline van ende Mun-Kyu CHO Zhanmin CAO Mining and Materials Engineering McGill University Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing

Thermodynamic databases are very useful to analyze the complex chemical reactions happening in high temperature material processes. An accurate thermodynamic database based on physically sound thermodynamic models can provide thermodynamic calculations of useful phase diagrams and comprehensive chemical reactions related to refractory corrosion in steelmaking processes. In this study,the FactS age thermodynamic database,one of the most comprehensive thermodynamic databases for oxide systems among other commercial software,is reviewed in particular for the steelmaking refractory research,and several applications to refractory corrosion are presented.

关键词： thermodynamic database CALPHAD FactSage phase diagram corrosion steelmaking

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Cyphellophora and its relatives in Phialophora: biodiversity and possible role in human infection

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第2期65卷 17-45页

作者： Peiying Feng Qiaoyun Lu M.J.Najafzadeh A.H.G.Gerrits van den ende Jiufeng Sun Ruoyu Li Liyan Xi V.A.Vicente Wei Lai Chun Lu G.S.de Hoog Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures KNAW Fungal Biodiversity CentreP.O.Box 851673508 AD Utrechtthe Netherlands Xiangyang Central Hospital XiangyangChina Peking University Health Science Center Research Center for Medical MycologyBeijingChina Department of Parasitology and Mycology and Cancer Molecular Pathology Research CenterGhaem HospitalSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control Department of ParasitologyZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Department of Basic Pathology Federal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil

Cyphellophora is a genus of black yeast-like fungi characterised by having simple phialides with multiseptate,curved *** from SSU and LSU data,Cyphellophora was found to be located in a well-supported clade within the Chaetothyriales comprising a number of species occurring on human skin and *** is phylogenetically close to Phialophora europaea,*** and ***,though morphologically these species produce singlecelled phialoconidia rather than multiseptate *** suttonii and *** have dark colonies and phylogenetically fit in with Cyphellophora;the type species of Pseudomicrodochium,***,has similar,septate conidia but has a hyaline *** the present study,multilocus phylogenetic analyses were combined with morphology and *** of the internal transcribed spacer region,the DNA dependent RNA polymerase II largest subunit and the partial beta tubulin gene were analysed for a set of 30 *** novel species,Cyphellophora pauciseptata and Phialophora ambigua were *** eucalypti was reduced to synonymy of *** role of the studied fungi between colonization and infection of human skin was *** virulence factors for these black yeast-like fungi were hypothesized to be the ability to assimilate monoaromatic hydrocarbons,to produce melanin pigments,and to tolerate the temperature of epidermal human skin.

关键词： Black yeasts Chaetothyriales Cyphellophora Phialophora Superficial infection Taxonomy

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