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Development of a field enhanced photocatalytic device for biocide of coliform bacteria

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第6期28卷 38-44页

作者： jeff M.huber Krista L.Carlson Otakuye Conroy-Ben Mano Misra Swomitra K.Mohanty Departments of Civil Engineering University of Utah Departments of Metallurgical Engineering University of Utah Departments of Chemical Engineering University of Utah

A field enhanced flow reactor using bias assisted photocatalysis was developed for bacterial disinfection in lab-synthesized and natural waters. The reactor provided complete inactivation of contaminated waters with flow rates of 50 mL/min. The device consisted of titanium dioxide nanotube arrays, with an externally applied bias of up to 6 V. Light intensity, applied voltage, background electrolytes and bacteria concentration were all found to impact the device performance. Complete inactivation of Escherichia coli W3110（- 8 × 10^3CFU/mL） occurred in 15 sec in the reactor irradiated at 25 mW/cm^2 with an applied voltage of 4 V in a 100 ppm NaCl solution. Real world testing was conducted using source water from Emigration Creek in Salt Lake City, Utah. Disinfection of natural creek water proved more challenging, providing complete bacterial inactivation after 25 sec at 6 V. A reduction in bactericidal efficacy was attributed to the presence of inorganic and organic species, as well as the increase in robustness of natural bacteria.

关键词： Titanium dioxide Nanotubes Immobilized Photocatalysis Escherichia coli Inactivation

Identifying candidate hosts for quantum defects via data mining

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 595-600页

作者： Austin M.Ferrenti Nathalie Pde Leon jeff D.Thompson Robert J.Cava Department of Chemistry Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544USA Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544USA

Atom-like defects in solid-state hosts are promising candidates for the development of quantum information systems,but despite their importance,the host substrate/defect combinations currently under study have almost exclusively been found *** we systematically evaluate the suitability of host materials by applying a combined four-stage data mining and manual screening process to all entries in the Materials Project database,with literature-based experimental confirmation of band gap values.

关键词： quantum applying suitability

Double-blind randomized sham controlled trial of intraperitoneal bupivacaine during emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy

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hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2013年第3期12卷 310-316页

作者： Keith J Roberts jeff Gilmour Ruplay Pande James hodson For Tai Lam Saboor Khan Department of hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire Wolfson Laboratory University Hospitals Birmingham

BACKGROUND: Intraperitoneal local anesthesia (IPLA) during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (el-LC) decreases post-operative pain. None of the studies have explored the efficacy of IPLA at emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy (em-LC). A longer operative duration, the greater frequency of washing, and the inflammation associated with cholecystitis or pancreatitis are a few reasons why it cannot be assumed that a benefit in pain scores will be seen in em-LC with IPLA. This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of IPLA in patients undergoing em-LC. METhODS: Double-blind randomized sham controlled trial was conducted of 41 consecutive subjects undergoing em-LC. IPLA was delivered by a combination of injection to the diaphragmatic and topical wash over the liver and gallbladder with bupivacaine or saline. The primary outcome was visual analogue scale pain scores until discharge. Secondary outcomes included pain scores in theatre recovery and analgesic consumption. RESULTS: One patient had a procedure converted to open and was excluded. There was no significant difference in pain scores in the ward or theatre recovery. Analgesic use, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, duration to ambulation, eating, satisfaction scores, and time to discharge were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: IPLA during em-LC does not influence postoperative pain. Other modalities of analgesia should be explored for decreasing the interval between diagnosis of acute admission and em-LC.

关键词： gallbladder stone disease gallbladder cholecystectomy

Ultra-fast polymer optical fibre Bragg grating inscription for medical devices

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 104-113页

作者： Julien Bonefacino hwa-Yaw Tam Tom S Glen Xin Cheng Chi-Fung jeff Pun Jian Wang Po-heng Lee Ming-Leung Vincent tse Steven T Boles Photonics Research Centre Department of Electrical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina Division of Urban Environment Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina

We report the extraordinary result of rapid fibre Bragg grating inscription in doped polymer optical fibres based on polymethyl methacrylate in only 7 ms,which is two orders of magnitude faster than the inscription times previously *** was achieved using a new dopant material,diphenyl disulphide,which was found to enable a fast,positive refractive index change using a low ultraviolet *** changes were investigated and found to arise from photodissociation of the diphenyl disulphide molecule and subsequent molecular *** demonstrate that gratings inscribed in these fibres can exhibit at least a 15 times higher sensitivity than silica glass fibre,despite their quick inscription *** a demonstration of the sensitivity,we selected a highly stringent situation,namely,the monitoring of a human heartbeat and respiratory *** findings could permit the inscription of fibre Bragg gratings during the fibre drawing process for mass production,allowing costeffective,single-use,in vivo sensors among other potential uses.

关键词： bio-sensing fibre Bragg grating photosensitive dopant polymer optical fibre

Development and optimization of thermal contrast amplification lateral flow immunoassays for ultrasensitive hIV p24 protein detection

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 683-693页

作者： Li Zhan Timothy Granade Yilin Liu Xierong Wei Ae Youngpairoj Vickie Sullivan jeff Johnson John Bischof Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AtlantaGAUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA

Detection of human immunodeficiency virus(hIV)p24 protein at a single pg/ml concentration in point-of-care(POC)settings is important because it can facilitate acute hIV infection diagnosis with a detection sensitivity approaching that of laboratory-based ***,the limit of detection(LOD)of lateral flow immunoassays(LFAs),the most prominent POC diagnostic platform,falls short of that of laboratory protein detection methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).here,we report the development and optimization of a thermal contrast amplification(TCA)LFA that will allow ultrasensitive detection of 8 pg/ml p24 protein spiked into human serum at POC,approaching the LOD of a laboratory *** achieve this aim,we pursued several innovations as follows:(a)defining a new quantitative figure of merit for LFA design based on the specific to nonspecific binding ratio(BR);(b)using different sizes and shapes of gold nanoparticles(GNPs)in the systematic optimization of TCA LFA designs;and(c)exploring new laser wavelengths and power regimes for TCA LFA ***,we optimized the blocking buffer for the membrane and running buffer by quantitatively measuring the BR using a TCA *** TCA reader interprets the thermal signal(i.e.,temperature)of GNPs within the membrane when irradiated by a laser at the plasmon resonance wavelength of the *** process results in higher detection and quantitation of GNPs than in traditional visual detection(i.e.,color intensity).Further,we investigated the effect of laser power(30,100,200 mW),GNP size and shape(30 and 100 nm gold spheres,150 nm gold-silica shells),and laser wavelength(532,800 nm).Applying these innovations to a new TCA LFA design,we demonstrated that 100nm spheres with a 100 mW 532 nm laser provided the best performance(i.e.,LOD=8pg/ml).This LOD is significantly better than that of the current colorimetric LFA and is in the range of the laboratory-based p24 *** summary,this TCA LFA for p24 prote

关键词： optimization approaching flow

A DIAGNOSTIC FROM VERTICAL WIND PROFILES FOR DETECTING EXTREME RAINFALL

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2017年第3期6卷 41-54页

作者： jeff CALLAGhAN Retired Bureau of Meteorology

The damage and loss of life from fresh water flooding as Tropical Cyclones move inland and towards higher latitudes rivals the losses at the point of landfall. This makes it extremely important to understand the structure of these systems as some such events produce much less damaging rainfall. Extreme rainfall and major flooding events are studied around the Globe to examine the likely structure of weather systems which produce extreme rainfall. An extensive search for rare radio-sonde data has been carried out near where extreme rainfall and flooding has been reported. In almost every case atmospheric moisture content is high and the low-level wind direction turns anti-cyclonically with increasing height up to 500 h Pa. The rare exception to the rule is when tropical thunderstorms generate extreme rainfall. This study extends previous work in Eastern Australia by showing that the link between turning winds and rainfall exists in both the tropics and temperate zones, and the link applies in cases of extreme rainfall and associated major flooding.

关键词： floods fatalities upper winds

Is pork trade good for China's greenhouse gas emissions?

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2017年第4期15卷 301-311页

作者： hongjun Tao jeff Luckstead Liang Zhao Christopher G Davis School of Economics and Management Fuzhou University Division of Agriculture and Bumpers College University of Arkansas School of Economics Fujian Normal University Markets and Trade Economics Division Economic Research Service U.S.Department of Agriculture

China produces the largest amount of pork in the world, which emits the largest amount of greenhouse gases （GhGs）. This paper calculates GhG emissions from China＇s hog production at the provincial level using newly published emission factors~ Empirical results show that GhG emissions from China＇s hog production mainly respond to the scale intensity~ Capital abundance and income contribute positively to GI-IG emissions from hog production. Pork trade increases GhG emissions from China＇s hog produc- tion with a significantly direct effect, reduces GhG emissions through indirect technique effects.

关键词： China's pork trade greenhouse gas emissions scale composition andtechnique effect free trade

Implication of snoRNA U50 in human breast cancer

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2009年第8期36卷 447-454页

作者： Xue-Yuan Dong Peng Guo jeff Boyd Xiaodong Sun Qunna Li Wei Zhou Jin-Tang Dong Department of hematology and Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute Emory University School of Medicine 1365 Clifton Road Atlanta Georgia 30322 USA Fox Chase Cancer Center 333 Cottman Avenue Philadelphia PA 19111 USA

Deletion of chromosome 6q is frequent in breast cancer, and the deletion often involves a region in 6q 14-q 16. At present, however, the underlying tumor suppressor gene has not been established. Based on a recent study identifying snoRNA U50 as a candidate for the 6q14-16 tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer, we investigated whether U50 is also involved in breast cancer. PCR-based approaches showed that U50 underwent frequent genomic deletion and transcriptional downregulation in cell lines derived from breast cancer. Mutation screening identified the same 2-bp deletion of U50 as in prostate cancer in both cell lines and primary tumors from breast cancer, and the deletion was both somatic and in germline. Genotyping of a cohort of breast cancer cases and controls for the mutation demonstrated that, while homozygous genotype of the mutation was rare, its heterozygous genotype occurred more frequently in women with breast cancer. Functionally, re-expression of U50 resulted in the inhibition of colony formation in breast cancer cell lines. These results suggest that noncoding snoRNA U50 plays a role in the development and/or progression of breast cancer.

关键词： snoRNA U50 tumor suppressor gene breast cancer

ASYMMETRIC INNER CORE CONVECTION LEADING TO TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSIFICATION

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2017年第3期6卷 55-66页

作者： jeff CALLAGhAN Retired Bureau of Meteorology

One of the predictors used to forecast the rapid intensification of Tropical Cyclones(RI) is the symmetry of inner core convection which used infrared(IR) satellite imagery in the determination of this structure. This has led Forecasters and Researchers to conclude the symmetry of inner core convection was an important factor in RI. however we showed here using examples of RI that IR satellite imagery was not always a good guide to determine symmetry of inner core convection especially in the early stages of RI. however it has been previously shown that the heat released in these highly asymmetric convective bands may be transformed into the kinetic energy of the quasi-symmetric wind field and the available potential energy associated with the warm core. One of the most rapid RI cases had asymmetric inner core convection early in a six hour period where the Central Pressure dropped 29 h Pa and the sustained wind speed increased by 55 knots(28.3 ms-1). In other cases, where there was available inner core data, the inner core convection developed in a region where microwave imagery indicated asymmetric inner core convection. The convection was located where Dropsonde winds and Doppler radar winds from reconnaissance aircraft indicated a warm air advection pattern in that the winds turned anticyclonically with height in the lowest 5 km of the atmosphere. Updrafts from this strong convection near the eye become upward extending centres of cyclonic vorticity and may also produce warming in the eye with adjacent broad subsiding currents. It was shown that models could not forecast the RI of severe tropical cyclone Marcia as recently as February 2015. In this case convection was formed more vigorously on the western flank under the influence of a warm air advection wind pattern and convection remained mostly on this western side as RI proceeded. This process needs to be understood on its influence on the models failing to forecast RI. Rare Doppler wind of hurricane hermine

关键词： cyclone intensification asymmetry