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A field guide for aging passerine nestlings using growth data and predictive modeling

Avian Research 2021年第2期12卷 141-149页

作者： Audrey A.Sanchez Andrew W.Bartlow Allison m.Chan jeanne m.fair Aaron A.Skinner Kelly Hutchins maria A.musgrave Emily m.Phillips Brent E.Thompson Charles D.Hathcock Environmental Stewardship Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA Biosecurity and Public Health Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA Water Program N3BLos AlamosNMUSA

Background:Accurate nestling age is valuable for studies on nesting strategies,productivity,and impacts on repro-ductive *** aging guides consist of descriptions and photographs that are time consuming to read and subjective to *** Western Bluebird(Sialia mexicana)is a secondary cavity-nesting passerine that nests in coniferous and open deciduous *** box programs for cavity-nesting species have provided suitable nesting locations and opportunities for data collection on nestling growth and ***:We developed models for predicting the age of Western Bluebird nestlings from morphometric meas-urements using model training and *** were developed for mass,tarsus,and two different culmen ***:Our models were accurate to within less than a day,and each model worked best for a specific age *** mass and tarsus models can be used to estimate the ages of Western Bluebird nestlings 0-10 days old and were accurate to within 0.5 days for mass and 0.7 days for *** culmen models can be used to estimate ages of nest-lings 0-15 days old and were also accurate to within less than a *** daily mean,minimum,and maximum values of each morphometric measurement are provided and can be used in the field for accurate nestling age estimations in real ***:The model training and validation procedures used here demonstrate that this method can create aging models that are highly *** methods can be applied to any passerine species provided sufficient nest-ling morphometric data are available.

关键词： Cavity-nesting Nest boxes Nestling development Predictive models Western Bluebird

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Disinfection byproduct regulatory compliance surrogates and bromide-associated risk

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 191-207页

作者： Chelsea Kolb Royce A.Francis jeanne m.VanBriesen Department of Ciuil and Environmental Engineering Carnegie Mellon Uniuersity Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Department of Engineering management and Systems Engineering The George Washington University Washington DC 20052 USA Department of Engineering and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

Natural and anthropogenic factors can alter bromide concentrations in drinking water sources. Increasing source water bromide concentrations increases the formation and alters the speciation of disinfection byproducts（DBPs） formed during drinking water *** DBPs are more toxic than their chlorinated analogs, and thus have a greater impact on human health. However, DBPs are regulated based on the mass sum of DBPs within a given class（e.g., trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids）, not based on species-specific risk or extent of bromine incorporation. The regulated surrogate measures are intended to protect against not only the species they directly represent, but also against unregulated DBPs that are not routinely measured. Surrogates that do not incorporate effects of increasing bromide may not adequately capture human health risk associated with drinking water when source water bromide is elevated. The present study analyzes trihalomethanes（THms）, measured as TTHm,with varying source water bromide concentrations, and assesses its correlation with brominated THm, TTHm risk and species-specific THm concentrations and associated *** potential surrogates are evaluated to assess their ability to capture THm risk under different source water bromide concentration conditions. The results of the present study indicate that TTHm does not adequately capture risk of the regulated species when source water bromide concentrations are elevated, and thus would also likely be an inadequate surrogate for many unregulated brominated species. Alternative surrogate measures,including THm3 and the bromodichloromethane concentration, are more robust surrogates for species-specific THm risk at varying source water bromide concentrations.

关键词： Disinfection byproducts Bromide Disinfection byproduct regulation Trihalomethanes Disinfection byproduct risk

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Asymmetrical mate preference in recently adapted White Sands and black lava populations of Sceloporus undulatus

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Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 20-30页

作者： Kayla m. HARDWICK jeanne m. ROBERTSON Erica Bree ROSENBLUm Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844 USA Department of Biology California State University Northridge CA 91330 USA Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Speciation can proceed rapidly when natural and sexual selection act in concert. For example speciation can be ac- celerated when traits that confer a selective advantage in a particular habitat also influence mate preference. Studying parallel but evolutionarily independent instances of ecological divergence can illuminate the interaction between natural and sexual selection during speciation. Locally adapted populations of the eastern fence lizard Sceloporus undulatus have recently evolved in three different habitats in the Chihuahuan desert： blanched color morphs occur on the gypsum dunes of White Sands, melanic color morphs occur on the Carrizozo lava flow, and brown color morphs occur in the surrounding desert scrubland. In addition to dif- ferences in cryptic dorsal coloration, populations also differ in the size and color of ventral patches used for social signaling. This system therefore provides an opportunity to investigate the interplay of natural and sexual selection during rapid ecological speci- ation. We used mate preference experiments to determine whether locally adapted populations may exhibit the early stages of be- havioral reproductive isolation. We observed an asymmetrical mate preference in this system; White Sands males preferentially courted local females, while males from dark soils and black lava populations did not exhibit a preference for local mates. We also found that female behavior and ventral patch phenotype were associated with male courtship. Our results suggest that the observed preference for local mates evolved at White Sands, and we discuss the possible link between local adaptation and traits involved in mate preference in this system [Current Zoology 59 （1）： 20-30, 2013].

关键词： Eastem fence lizard magic trait Ecological speciation Sexual signaling Courtship mate preference asymmetry

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: a burgeoning problem with unclear solutions

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第4期9卷 514-517页

作者： mariana Lazo jeanne m.Clark Division of General Internal medicine School of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA Division of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

The association between chronic liver disease and diabetes has been known for long time,with reports in the literature as early as in 1952(1).Currently,a bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become more widely accepted,probably as a result of the common risk factors(e.g.,obesity)and pathophysiology(e.g.,insulin resistance)(2).

关键词： diabetes liver NAFLD

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Long-term changes in biological soil crust cover and composition

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 54-63页

作者： Eva Dettweiler-Robinson jeanne m Ponzetti Jonathan D Bakker Department of Biology University of New MexicoMSC0320201 University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 98131U.S.A. 2914 Central St.SE OlympiaWA 98501U.S.A. School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of WashingtonBox 354115SeattleWA98195-4115U.S.A.

Introduction:Communities change over time due to disturbances,variations in climate,and species *** soil crust communities are important because they contribute to erosion control and nutrient *** types may respond differently to changes in environmental conditions:single-celled organisms and bryophytes quickly recover after a disturbance,while lichens are slow growing and dominate favorable *** change in crusts has seldom been assessed using repeated *** this study,we hypothesized that changes in crust composition were related to disturbance,topographic position,and invasive ***:We monitored permanent plots in the Columbia Basin in 1999 and 2010 and compared changes in crust composition,cover,richness,and turnover with predictor variables of herbivore exclosure,elevation,heat load index,time since fire,presence of an invasive grass,and change in cover of the invasive ***:Bryophytes were cosmopolitan with high *** lichens did not change *** taxa differed by monitoring *** and total crust cover declined,and there was lower turnover outside of herbivore *** cover did not change *** that burned recently had high *** in taxon richness was correlated with presence of an invasive grass in *** in cover of the invasive grass was positively related to proportional loss and negatively related to ***:Composition and turnover metrics differed significantly over 11 years,though cover was more stable between *** study can be a baseline for assessing change in crust composition due to anthropogenic influences.

关键词： Biological soil crust Columbia basin Composition change Taxa turnover rate Fire Bromus tectorum Livestock exclosure

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Update on prevention and screening of cervical cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第4期5卷 744-752页

作者： Shaniqua L mc Graw jeanne m Ferrante Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson medical School Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Somerset New Jersey NJ 08873 United States Department of Family medicine and Community Health Cancer Institute of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey NJ 08903 United States

Cervical cancer is the third most common cause of cancer in women in the world. During the past few decades tremendous strides have been made toward decreasing the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer with the implementation of various prevention and screening strategies. The causative agent linked to cervical development and its precursors is the human papillomavirus(HPV). Prevention and screening measures for cervical cancer are paramount because the ability to identify and treat the illness at its premature stage often disrupts the process of neoplasia. Cervical carcinogenesis can be the result of infections from multiple high-risk HPV types that act synergistically. This imposes a level of complexity to identifying and vaccinating against the actual causative agent. Additionally, most HPV infections spontaneously clear. Therefore, screening strategies should optimally weigh the benefits and risks of screening to avoid the discovery and needless treatment of transient HPV infections. This article provides an update of the preventative and screening methodsfor cervical cancer, mainly HPV vaccination, screening with Pap smear cytology, and HPV testing. It also provides a discussion of the newest United States 2012 guidelines for cervical cancer screening, which changed the age to begin and end screening and lengthened the screening intervals.

关键词： Cervical cancer Cancer screening Pap smear Human papillomavirus Papillomavirus vaccines

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Geomorphic predictors of riparian vegetation in small mountain watersheds

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第6期8卷 593-604页

作者： Blake m.Engelhardt jeanne C.Chambers Peter J.Weisberg Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of NevadaMS 1861664 Virginia StreetRenoNV 89557USA USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station920 Valley RoadRenoNV 89512USA

Aims Hydrogeomorphic processes operating at watershed,process zone and site scales influence the distribution of riparian ***,most studies examining the relationships between hydrogeomorphic processes and riparian vegetation are conducted at site *** quantified the relative importance of watershed,process zone and site geomorphic characteristics for predicting riparian plant community types and plant species abundances in four small mountain watersheds in central Nevada,*** We mapped riparian vegetation types and identified process zones(based on dominant geomorphic process and valley fill material)within the *** sampled sites in each combination of veg-etation type and process zone(n=184 sites)and collected data on watershed scale factors,valley and stream geomorphic characteristics and on plant cover of each geomorphic *** community types were defined by cluster and indicator species analyses of plant cover data,and related to geomorphic variables using ordination analysis(nonmetric multidimensional scaling).linear mixed effects models were used to predict abundances of indicator *** Findings Variables describing position in the watershed(elevation,contrib-uting area)that are related to gradients of temperature,moisture and stream discharge were of primary importance in predicting plant community *** describing local geomorphic setting(valley width,stream gradient,channel sediments,geomor-phic surface height)were of secondary importance,but accurately described the geomorphic setting of indicator *** process zone classification did not include position in the watershed or channel characteristics and only predicted plant community types with unique geomorphic *** small mountain watersheds,predicting riparian vegetation distribution requires explicit consid-eration of scale and geomorphic context within and among water-sheds in addition to site variables.

关键词： great basin multiscale plant community analysis process zone riparian

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molecular analysis of γ1, γ3, and α class switch recombination junctions in APOBEC3-deficient mice using high-throughput sequencing

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2020年第4期17卷 418-420页

作者： Hussein Issaoui mélissa Ferrad Nour Ghazzaui Sandrine Lecardeur jeanne Cook-moreau François Boyer Yves Denizot UmR CNRS 7276 INSERM U1262Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018University of LimogesCBRSrue Pr.Descottes87025 LimogesFrance

Activation-induced deaminase(AID)is required for immunoglobulin(Ig)class switch recombination(CSR),in which the constant(C)μgene of Igm is substituted with C_(γ),C_(ε),or C_(α),thereby generating IgG,IgE,and IgA antibodies,respectively,with new effector functions but the same antigenic specificity.1 AID targets specific DNA switch(S)regions preceding C regions except for Cδ.2 Sμis usually the donor region,while Sγ,ε,αare the acceptor *** deaminates C into U on single-stranded DNA by targeting the WRCY(W=A/T,R=A/G,and Y=C/T)hot motif and,to a lesser extent,the SYC(S=G/C,Y=C/T)cold motif.3,4 AID is a member of the apolipoprotein B editing complex(APOBEC)*** APOBEC genes,a family of evolutionarily conserved cytidine deaminases,APOBEC3 is implicated in diverse cell functions including innate immunity against retroviruses.4 The DNA-editing APOBEC3 enzymes have recently attracted attention due to their involvement in cancer and potential applications in gene editing.5–7 While a single copy of each APOBEC3 gene is present in rodents,seven copies of each APOBEC3 gene are found in humans.

关键词： immunity involvement thereby

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A Parameter-Uniform Finite Difference method for a Coupled System of Convection-Diffusion Two-Point Boundary Value Problems

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Numerical mathematics(Theory,methods and Applications) 2008年第2期1卷 176-197页

作者： Eugene O'Riordan jeanne Stynes martin Stynes School of mathematical Sciences Dublin City University Glasnevin Department of Computing Cork Institute of Technology Department of mathematics National University of Ireland

A system of m (≥2) linear convection-diffusion two-point boundary value problems is examined,where the diffusion term in each equation is multiplied by a small parameterεand the equations are coupled through their convective and reactive terms via matrices B and A *** system is in general singularly perturbed. Unlike the case of a single equation,it does not satisfy a conventional maximum princi- *** hypotheses are placed on the coupling matrices B and A that ensure exis- tence and uniqueness of a solution to the system and also permit boundary layers in the components of this solution at only one endpoint of the domain;these hypotheses can be regarded as a strong form of diagonal dominance of *** solution is decomposed into a sum of regular and layer *** are established on these compo- nents and their derivatives to show explicitly their dependence on the small parameterε.Finally,numerical methods consisting of upwinding on piecewise-uniform Shishkin meshes are proved to yield numerical solutions that are essentially first-order conver- gent,uniformly inε,to the true solution in the discrete maximum *** results on Shishkin meshes are presented to support these theoretical bounds.

关键词： Singularly perturbed convection-diffusion coupled system piecewise-uniform mesh

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Breastfeeding and obesity: a meta-analysis

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Open Journal of Preventive medicine 2011年第3期1卷 88-93页

作者： jeanne m. Stolzer 不详

Over the last decade, obesity rates have reached epidemic proportions in the United States of America. Comorbidities associated with overweight and obesity include, but are not limited to, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and elevated cholesterol levels. As a direct result of obesity, data indicates that these diseases are now being detected in an unprecedented number of American children, adolescents, and adults. Although the major cause of the obesity epidemic in America has thus far been attributed to excessive caloric intake and lack of physical activity, this paper will explore the pivotal role that breastfeeding plays in the prevention of overweight and obesity throughout the life course. Epidemiological data demonstrates that breastfeeding significantly reduces the incidence of overweight and obesity and that exclusive and long term breastfeeding has been strongly correlated with a reduction in LDL cholesterol, blood pressure related disorders, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular dysfunction. While it is certain that diet and exer cise are integral factors associated with overweight and obesity, the time has come for a collective recognition of the protective effects associated with breastfeeding if we are serious in our endeavor to eradicate the overweight and obesity epidemic in America.

关键词： Obesity Breastfeeding and Obesity Breastfeeding Lactation and Obesity

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