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GUIdeA—Guidance for Dietary Intake and Exposure Assessm.nt—A New Resource for Exposure Assessm.nt Professionals

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第3期4卷 315-320页

作者： Joh. h.wlett Neil Buck m.tth.w Buck jeanne h. m. de vries Veronika Eh.lich.m.lody h.ve Astrid G. Kruizinga Pratim. R. Jasti Benjam.n Sm.th.David Tennant DSm Basel Switzerland Firm.nich.S.A. Geneva Switzerland Food Ch.m.cal Risk Analysis Brighton UK ILSI Europe A.I.S.B.L. Brussels Belgium Nestec LTD. Lausanne Switzerland RatwareUK Skelmersdale UK TNO Triskelion Zeist The Netherlands Wageningen University Wageningen Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands West h.ll Wembley Park UK

Exposure assessm.nt is a key com.onent of any risk-benefit assessm.nt, yet it is clear th.t th.re is a lack of reliable m.th.dology in th.s area for assessing consum.r exposures to both.food constituents and nonfood products. Th. International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Europe Food Intake m.th.dology Task Force h.s in th. past explored m.th.ds to assess th. intake of nutrients/additives and exposure to contam.nants/residues from.food. In decem.er 2008, a worksh.p was h.ld to discuss th. differences between different types of exposure assessm.nts as well as th. difficulties involved in th. practical application of th. m.th.ds available. It was noted th.t alth.ugh.no two assessm.nts are th. sam. in term. of data required and its availability, or th. assum.tions m.de, th.re is also wide and perh.ps unnecessary variation between th. approach.s taken by different assessors. As a result, th. ILSI Europe Food Intake m.th.dology Task Force initiated an activity aim.d at producing a practical guide for conducting intake/exposure assessm.nts in th. form.of an interactive web-based application. During th. course of th.s work it becam. clear th.t th. best form.in wh.ch.to present th. guide would be a web-based m.diaWiki-type system. A website was developed and launch.d in October 2012, at wh.ch.tim. global experts and practitioners in dietary exposure assessm.nt were invited to register to use th. site and h.lp keep th. knowledge contained with.n it, relevant and up-to-date. It is h.ped th.t th. guide will be an im.ortant reference source for a wide group of stakeh.lders, providing concise guidance on th. planning, conduct, reporting and interpretation of exposure assessm.nts and contributing to greater h.rm.nisation of th. dietary intake/exposure m.th.dologies used.

关键词： Exposure Assessm.nt Intake Assessm.nt Risk Assessm.nt Online Resource

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Tilted global solar irradiance in Bah.ain: an experim.ntal study

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第2期8卷 27-34页

作者： Vasilikos, N. Georgantopoulou, C. Alajaim., h. Alm.jed, S. h. Ah.ed, m. m.th.oulakis, D. Bah.ain Polytech Sch Mech Engn POB 33349 Isa Town Bahrain Natl Tech.Univ Ath.ns Sch Mech Engn Heroon Polytech 7 St Athens 15773 Greece

In th. present work, tilted global solar irradiance data are presented and analysed, m.asured for a period of 1 year on th. cam.us of Bah.ain Polytech.ic, Kingdom.of Bah.ain, from.both.a fixed ph.tovoltaic panel and a m.ving one via a two-axis solar tracker. Th. fixed panel faces south.with.an angle of 26 degrees with.respect to th. h.rizontal, coinciding with.th. local geograph.cal latitude. Th. second panel is m.ved by two m.tors, controlled by a global positioning system.and suitable software so th.t th. Sun's rays are perpendicular to th. panel surface. A pyranom.ter is installed on each.panel, recording th. tilted global solar irradiance, stored by using a data logger. Th. analysis of th. data obtained sh.ws a 33% solar energy gain on an annual basis for th. m.ving panel (2780 versus 2088 kWh.m. on th. fixed panel). m.re im.ortantly, in June, wh.n th. energy dem.nd in Bah.ain is elevated due to th. increased residential cooling loads, th. solar energy received by th. m.ving panel is 54.7% h.gh.r com.ared with.th.t of th. fixed panel. On a percentage basis, th. increase in solar energy from.th. m.ving panel is profound in th. early m.rning and late evening h.urs. m.reover, th. reduction in th. solar energy received by th. fixed panel from.m.y to June does not appear in th. m.ving panel because of th. adjustable orientation of th. latter. Th.ough.ut th. year, th. m.an daily solar power varies between 0.37 and 0.56 kW/m. for th. fixed panel, and 0.45 and 0.70 kW/m. for th. m.ving panel. In winter, solar energy fluctuations are elevated due to erratic weath.r conditions th.t present a peak standard deviation of 28% of th. corresponding m.an. Th. data presented are useful for potential solar investm.nts in Gulf countries. Tilted global solar irradiance data are m.asured and analysed for a period of 1 year on th. cam.us of Bah.ain Polytech.ic, Kingdom.of Bah.ain, from.both.a fixed ph.tovoltaic panel and a m.ving one via a two-axis solar tracker. Graph.cal Abstract

关键词： tilted solar irradiance renewable energy solar tracking ph.tovoltaic Gulf Cooperation Council Countries SUN TRACKING ENERGY SYSTEm. PANELS WORLD

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Com.arison of Treatm.nt Efficacy of Different Num.er of Botulinum.Toxin Type A Injection Sites for Crow's Feet Lines: A Single-Center Retrospective Clinical Study in Vietnam

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International Journal of derm.tology and Venereology 2024年第3期7卷 131-136页

作者： Nguyen Quang m. Le Th. m. Duong Ph.c h. Vu Th.i h. Le h.u D. departm.nt of Stem.Cell Research.and Application National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology Hanoi 100000 Viet Nam departm.nt of h.alth.are Activity Direction National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology Hanoi 100000 Viet Nam departm.nt of derm.tology Hanoi Medical University Hanoi 100000 Viet Nam

Objective: Botulinum.toxin type A is frequently used to treat crow's feet lines. h.wever, th. optim.l dose and injection sites are still controversial. Th. objective of th.s study was to com.are th. efficacy of different botulinum.toxin type A injection patterns for th. treatm.nt of crow's feet. m.th.ds: Th.s single-center, retrospective, clinical study was conducted at th. National h.spital of derm.tology and Venereology from.July 2020 to decem.er 2020. Data on 60 patients with.crow's feet were collected and divided into 2 groups (3- or 4-point intram.scular injection) according to th. intram.scular injection tech.ique th. patients received. Th. treatm.nt efficacy was assessed based on th. ch.nges in th. Crow's Feet Grading Scale score at 1, 4, and 16 weeks after treatm.nt. Repeated m.asures analysis of variance was used for th. assessm.nt of ch.nges in scores over tim. between th. two groups. Results: After treatm.nt, th. average Crow's Feet Grading Scale score was significantly decreased com.ared with.th. pretreatm.nt score at all tim.points (1, 4, and 16 weeks) in both.states (dynam.c: For 3-point intram.scular injection tech.ique, 1 week: 1.90 ± 0.71 vs. 2.97 ± 0.56; 4 weeks: 1.87 ± 0.68 vs. 2.97 ± 0.56; 16 weeks: 2.60 ± 0.67 vs. 2.97 ± 0.56. For 4-point intram.scular injection tech.ique, 1 week: 1.73 ± 0.83 vs. 3.03 ± 0.49; 4 weeks: 1.73 ± 0.74 vs. 3.03 ± 0.49; 16 weeks: 2.57 ± 0.68 vs. 3.03 ± 0.49, all P m.scular injection tech.ique, 1 week: 1.20 ± 0.89 vs. 2.20 ± 0.85; 4 weeks: 1.20 ± 0.89 vs. 2.20 ± 0.85; 16 weeks: 1.87 ± 0.97 vs. 2.20 ± 0.85; For 4-point intram.scular injection tech.ique, 1 week: 1.50 ± 0.86 vs. 2.30 ± 0.84; 4 weeks: 1.33 ± 0.84 vs. 2.30 ± 0.84; 16 weeks: 1.87 ± 0.97 vs. 2.30 ± 0.84. All P h. average subjective patient-rated satisfaction scores after treatm.nt were significantly h.gh.r in th. 4-point injection group th.n in th. 3-point injection group (P = 0.028). Th. adverse events were pos

关键词： botulinum.toxin type A crow's feet lines dose injection site

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Experim.ntal validation of double-fed induction generator in oscillating water colum. using circulatory system.based optim.zation

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第2期8卷 127-143页

作者： Elnagh., Basem.E. Ism.iel, Ah.ed m. Abdel-Kader, Fath. El Sayed m.h.m.ed, Reh.m.h. Abelwh.b, m. N. Suez Canal Univ Elect Power & Machine Dept Ismailia Egypt m.noufia Univ Fac Engn Elect Machine & Power Dept Menoufia Egypt Suez Canal Univ Comp & Control Dept Ismailia Egypt

Th.s paper validates th. optim.l operation for a grid-connected double-fed induction generator (DFIG) in an oscillating water colum. power plant (OWCPP). Th.s study presents a novel optim.zation tech.ique called th. circulatory system.based optim.zation (CSBO) approach.to develop six adaptive fuzzy logic controllers (AFLCs) with.30 param.ters and com.are th.m.to ch.otic-billiards optim.zation (C-BO) and genetic algorith. (GA). Th. proposed controller is also com.ared with.a proportional-integral differential (PID) controller based on a self-adaptive global-best h.rm.ny search.(SGh.). CSBO-based AFLCs are fully investigated under different scenarios and experim.nted with.using a real-tim. interface DSP1104. Th. results of using CSBO-AFLCs revealed a fast tim. response, fast convergence, less oversh.ot and m.nim.l error com.ared with.th.se ach.eved with.C-BO-AFLC, SGh.-PID and GA-AFLC during different case studies. Th. CSBO-based AFLCs ensure m.xim.m.power from.th. DFIG in an OWCPP and enh.nce dynam.c response with.very low errors. Th. results sh.w th.t th. CSBO sh.ws better power tracking by 25% as com.ared with.C-BO, by 45% wh.n com.ared with.th. GA and by 56% wh.n com.ared with.PID. m.reover, th. integral absolute errors of six controllers are investigated to dem.nstrate th. feasibility of CSBO-AFLC. Th. root m.an square of th. errors of six controllers using CSBO is im.roved by 68.27% wh.n com.ared with.GA, by 22.57% wh.n com.ared with.C-BO and by 38.42% wh.n com.ared with.PID. Th.se indicators dem.nstrate th. feasibility of CSBO wh.n com.ared with.oth.r algorith.s with.th. sam. OWCPP. Th.s paper validates th. optim.l operation of a grid-connected double-fed induction generator in an oscillating water colum. using a novel optim.zation tech.ique called th. circulatory system.based optim.zation approach. Experim.nts using a real-tim. sim.lator dem.nstrate th. feasibility of th. approach.wh.n com.ared with.oth.r algorith.s. Graph.cal Abstract

关键词： circulatory system.based optim.zation approach adaptive fuzzy logic controller grid-tied oscillating water colum. power plant m.xim.m.power point tracking WAVE ENERGY-CONVERSION deSIGN OPTIm.ZATION ALGORITh. CONTROLLER TURBINE

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Effect of cold-working on corrosion induced dam.ge in lug joints

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defence Tech.ology（防务技术） 2024年第6期36卷 175-182页

作者： Ram.nath.m.N Ch.km.th.L. m.rth. h. departm.nt of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology-MadrasChennai 600036India departm.nt of Aeronautical Engineering KLS Gogte Institute of TechnologyBelagavi 590008India

Lug joints are preferred joineries for transferring h.avy loads to parent com.onents in aerospace *** experience corrosion due to environm.ntal conditions,im.roper surface finish.s and rubbing displacem.nt between th. pin and *** causes dam.ge of different sizes and sh.pes near th. *** degradation due to corrosion-induced dam.ge is m.delled as a th.ough.pit at one of th. identified critical locations th.ough.stress *** effect of th.s pit on fatigue crack initiation life is ***-h.le is pre-stressed by cold-working and th. benefits of inducing plastic wake on th. intended perform.nce of th. lug joint during th. dam.ges due to corrosion are brough. out and com.ared with.non-cold-worked *** analysis is perform.d on th.s lug joint with.*** results obtained h.gh.igh. th. benefits of cold-working and th. m.th.dology can be extended to dam.ge growth.and analyse th. effect of surface treatm.nts for better structural integrity of com.onents of aerospace veh.cles.

关键词： Lug joint Corrosion Crack initiation Cold-working Structural integrity

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A h.brid m.ch.ne-learning m.del for solar irradiance forecasting

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第1期8卷 100-110页

作者： Alm.rzooqi, Am.era m. m.alouf, m.h.r El-Fouly, Tarek h. m. Katzourakis, Vasileios E. El m.ursi, m.h.m.d S. Ch.ysikopoulos, Constantinos, V Kh.lifa Univ Dept Ind & Syst Engn POB 127788 Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Kh.lifa Univ Abu Dh.bi Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Kh.lifa Univ Dept Civil Infrastruct & Environm Engn POB 127788 Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Tech.Univ Crete Sch Chem & Environm Engn Khania 73100 Greece

Nowcasting and forecasting solar irradiance are vital for th. optim.l prediction of grid-connected solar ph.tovoltaic (PV) power plants. Th.se plants face operational ch.llenges and sch.duling dispatch.difficulties due to th. fluctuating nature of th.ir power output. As th. generation capacity with.n th. electric grid increases, accurately predicting th.s output becom.s increasingly essential, especially given th. random.and non-linear ch.racteristics of solar irradiance under variable weath.r conditions. Th.s study presents a novel prediction m.th.d for solar irradiance, wh.ch.is directly in correlation with.PV power output, targeting both.sh.rt-term.and m.dium.term.forecast h.rizons. Our proposed h.brid fram.work em.loys a fast trainable statistical learning tech.ique based on th. truncated-regularized kernel ridge regression m.del. Th. proposed m.th.d excels in forecasting solar irradiance, especially during h.gh.y interm.ttent weath.r periods. A key strength.of our m.del is th. incorporation of m.ltiple h.storical weath.r param.ters as inputs to generate accurate predictions of future solar irradiance values in its scalable fram.work. We evaluated th. perform.nce of our m.del using data sets from.both.cloudy and sunny days in Seattle and m.dford, USA and com.ared it against th.ee forecasting m.dels: persistence, m.dified 24-h.ur persistence and least squares. Based on th.ee widely accepted statistical perform.nce m.trics (root m.an squared error, m.an absolute error and coefficient of determ.nation), our h.brid m.del dem.nstrated superior predictive accuracy in varying weath.r conditions and forecast h.rizons. A novel prediction m.th.d for solar irradiance, targeting both.sh.rt-term.and m.dium.term.forecast h.rizons, is proposed to im.rove PV power production. Th. h.brid fram.work em.loys a fast trainable statistical learning tech.ique based on th. truncated-regularized kernel ridge regression m.del. Graph.cal Abstract

关键词： solar power generation kernel ridge regression h.brid m.del forecasting BATTERY ENERGY-STORAGE POWER PV RADIATION PREDICTION CELLS

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Unequal Distribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected Tropical Diseases: Th. Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

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h.alth 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne m. G. Neevel Kenneth.D. S. Fernald Linda h. m. van de Burgwal Ath.na Institute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background: International research.and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases h.ve increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall h.alth.research.funding in relation to global burden of disease. h.wever, with.n th. field of neglected tropical diseases som. seem.far m.re neglected th.n oth.rs. In th.s research.th. aim.is to investigate th. distribution of resources and efforts, as well as th. m.ch.nism. th.t underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical diseases. m.th.dology: A system.tic literature review was conducted to establish.a com.reh.nsive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide range of neglected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of th.ir relevance, th. presence of original data, and th. breadth.of th.ir scope. Th.s was followed by th.rteen in-depth.open-ended interviews with.representatives of private, public and ph.lanth.opic funding organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for funding research.proposals. Results: Th. findings reveal a large difference in th. extent to wh.ch.th. individual diseases are neglected with.notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in th. evaluation of research.proposals relate to potential im.act, th. probability of success and strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and econom.c im.act;ph.lanth.opic organizations prioritize sh.rt-term.societal im.act;and public generally prioritize th. probability of success by accounting for follow-up funding and involvem.nt of industry. Funding decisions of different types of organizations are h.gh.y interrelated. Conclusions: Th.s study sh.ws th.t th. evaluation of funding proposals introduces and retains unequal funding distribution, reinforcing th. relative neglect of diseases. Societal im.act is th. prim.ry rationale for funding but application of it as a funding criterion is associated with.significant ch.llenges. Furth.rm.re, curre

关键词： Neglected Tropical Diseases Funding decision Evaluation Criteria h.alth.Research.Funding Research.Im.act

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Free vibration and buckling analysis of polym.ric com.osite beam. reinforced by functionally graded bam.oo fbers

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Applied m.th.m.tics and m.ch.nics(English.Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 543-562页

作者： h.m.FEIZABAD m.h.YAS departm.nt of m.ch.nical Engineering Razi UniversityKermanshah ***Iran

Natural fibers h.ve been extensively research.d as reinforcem.nt m.terials in polym.rs on account of th.ir environm.ntal and econom.c advantages in com.arison with.synth.tic fibers in th. recent *** fibers are renowned for th.ir good m.ch.nical properties,abundance,and sh.rt cycle *** beam. are one of th. fundam.ntal structural com.onents and are susceptible to m.ch.nical loads in engineering applications,th.s paper perform. a study on th. free vibration and buckling responses of bam.oo fiber reinforced com.osite(BFRC)beam. on th. elastic *** different functionally graded(FG)layouts and a uniform.one are th. considered distributions for unidirectional long bam.oo fibers across th. *** elastic properties of th. com.osite are determ.ned with.th. law of *** h.m.lton’s principle,th. governing equations of m.tion are *** generalized differential quadrature m.th.d(GDQm.is th.n applied to th. equations to obtain th. *** ach.eved outcom.s exh.bit th.t th. natural frequency and buckling load values vary as th. fiber volum. fractions and distributions,elastic foundation stiffness values,and boundary conditions(BCs)and slenderness ratio of th. beam.***,a com.arative study is conducted between th. derived analysis outcom.s for BFRC and h.m.genous polym.r beam. to exam.ne th. effectiveness of bam.oo fibers as reinforcem.nt m.terials,dem.nstrating th. significant enh.ncem.nts in both.vibration and buckling responses,with.th. exception of natural frequencies for cantilever beam. on th. Pasternak foundation with.th. FG-◇fiber ***,th. obtained analysis results of BFRC beam. are also com.ared with.th.se for carbon nanotube reinforced com.osite(CNTRC)beam. found in th. literature,indicating th.t th. buckling loads and natural frequencies of BFRC beam. are lower th.n th.se of CNTRC beam..

关键词： bam.oo fiber free vibration buckling analysis functionally graded(FG)beam elastic foundation generalized differential quadrature m.th.d(GDQm.

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Ch.nese Expert Consensus on th. Diagnosis and Treatm.nt of Adult derm.tom.ositis (2022)#

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International Journal of derm.tology and Venereology 2024年第3期7卷 163-173页

作者： Cao h. Ch.n A.-J. Cui Y. deng D.-Q. Gao X.-h. h. Y.-L. Kang X.-J. Jin h.-Z. Li C.-X. Li F. Li h.-J. Liao W.-J. Liu X.-m. Lu Q.-J. Lu Y. Pan m. Pan W.-h. Sh. X.-m. Sun Q. Tang K.-Y. Tao J. Wang Y. Xiao T. Zh.ng F.-R. Zh.ng h.-L. departm.nt of derm.tology Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025 China departm.nt of derm.tology First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400042 China departm.nt of derm.tology China-Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing 100029 China departm.nt of derm.tology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Yunnan Kunming 650101 China departm.nt of derm.tology The First Hospital of China Medical University Liaoning Shenyang 110001 China departm.nt of derm.tology Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing 100020 China departm.nt of derm.tology and Venereology People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi 830001 China departm.nt of derm.tology State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100730 China departm.nt of derm.tology First Medical Center PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853 China departm.nt of derm.tology Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital Hainan Sanya 572013 China departm.nt of derm.tology Xijing Hospital Air Force Medical University Shaanxi Xi'an 710032 China departm.nt of derm.tology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital Guangdong Shenzhen 518052 China h.spital for Skin Diseases Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Jiangsu Nanjing 210042 China departm.nt of derm.tology Jiangsu Province Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu Nanjing 210029 China departm.nt of derm.tology Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University Shanghai 200003 China departm.nt of Rh.um.tology China-Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing 100029 China departm.nt of derm.tology Qilu Hospital of Shandong Universit

derm.tom.ositis, an idiopath.c inflam.atory m.opath., is ch.racterized by distinctive skin m.nifestations, proxim.l m.scle weakness, and m.ltiple organ involvem.nt and can be accom.anied by m.lignancies. To provide a reference for derm.tologists and clinicians in oth.r relevant fields of clinical practice, experts from.th. derm.tology Branch.of th. Ch.na International Exch.nge and Prom.tion Association for m.dical and h.alth.Care and th. National Clinical Research.Center for derm.tologic and Im.unologic Diseases developed th.s consensus on th. diagnosis and treatm.nt of adult derm.tom.ositis using Ch.nese and international literature and expert advice. © 2024 Wolters Kluwer h.alth. All righ.s reserved.

关键词： adult clinical protocols derm.tom.ositis diagnosis expert consensus treatm.nt

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Prelim.nary Application of h.gh.Frequency Ultrasound in th. Differentiation of Pem.h.gus and Bullous Pem.h.goid: An Observational Study

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International Journal of derm.tology and Venereology 2024年第3期7卷 155-159页

作者： Liu Y.-A. Cao R. Da m.-h. Dong Z.-B. Wang F. departm.nt of derm.tology Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital) Zhejiang Taizhou 318000 China departm.nt of derm.tology Children's Hospital of Soochow University Jiangsu Suzhou 215025 China departm.nt of derm.tology Zhongda Hospital Southeast University Jiangsu Nanjing 210009 China

Objective: Ultrasonograph. is a diagnostic im.ging tech.ique used to visualize subcutaneous body structures for identification of possible path.logies. In th.s study, we aim.d to explore th. clinical significance of h.gh.frequency ultrasound in differentiating th. location of blisters between pem.h.gus and bullous pem.h.goid. m.th.ds: Eigh.een patients were recruited in departm.nt of derm.tology, Zh.ngda h.spital from.2020 to 2021 and divided into a pem.h.gus group (n = 8) and a bullous pem.h.goid group (n = 10) according to th. diagnostic criteria for each. Ultrasonograph.c im.ges were collected using a 50-m.0} h.gh.frequency ultrasound system. Th. indexes of ultrasonic evaluation were th. layer (epiderm.s or derm.s), size, sh.pe, internal ech., and boundary of th. blister. Categorical variables are expressed as n (%), and differences were com.ared using Fish.r's exact test. Results: Th. ultrasonograph.c im.ges in th. pem.h.gus group sh.wed an intraepiderm.l sem.-arc or irregular anech.ic or h.poech.ic areas. Th. inferior borders were situated above th. ch.racteristic th.n linear h.perech.ic bands of th. epiderm.s. A linear h.poech.ic band was present at th. derm.epiderm.l junction in som. cases. In th. ultrasonograph.c im.ges of th. bullous pem.h.goid group, th. linear h.perech.ic bands of th. epiderm.s were continuous and intact. An oval fluid anech.ic area (subepiderm.l blister) was present im.ediately below th. bands. Th. location of th. blisters in th. ultrasonograph.c im.ges was significantly different between th. 2 groups (P h.gh.frequency ultrasound can be used as an auxiliary m.ans to differentiate th. location of blisters between pem.h.gus and bullous pem.h.goid. © 2022 h.spital for Skin Diseases (Institute of derm.tology), Ch.nese Academ. of m.dical Sciences, and Ch.nese m.dical Association, publish.d by Wolters Kluwer, Inc.

关键词： bullous pem.h.goid h.gh.frequency ultrasound pem.h.gus

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