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护士在睡眠医学实践及研究中的作用

中华医学杂志 2021年第22期101卷 1642-1645页

作者： M.Melanie Lyons 李晨阳 Susan Kohl Malone 尚少梅张素 Terri e.weaver 俄亥俄州立大学医学院呼吸危重症监护和睡眠医学系哥伦布43210 北京大学护理学院北京100191 纽约大学护理学院纽约10012 北京大学人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科北京100044 伊利诺伊大学医学院护理系芝加哥60607

睡眠健康成为全球公共卫生的重要组成部分。睡眠障碍的发病率在世界范围内迅速升高,严重影响人们的生活质量。我国睡眠专业医师、技师队伍匮乏,睡眠中心分布和医疗资源发展不平衡,这些严重制约了我国睡眠医学的发展及睡眠健康保障水平... 详细信息

睡眠健康成为全球公共卫生的重要组成部分。睡眠障碍的发病率在世界范围内迅速升高,严重影响人们的生活质量。我国睡眠专业医师、技师队伍匮乏,睡眠中心分布和医疗资源发展不平衡,这些严重制约了我国睡眠医学的发展及睡眠健康保障水平的提高。在欧美等发达国家,睡眠医学成为一门新兴的交叉学科。护士作为睡眠管理师这一职业的发展成为大势所趋,护士经过培训成为睡眠技师的主力军。这些在睡眠医学领域的成功尝试为我国从医、教、研三方面推动护理在睡眠医学中发展提供借鉴。

关键词：睡眠护理

effect of ceria surface facet on stability and reactivity of isolated platinum atoms

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Nano Research 2022年第7期15卷 5922-5932页

作者： Bochuan Song Shuxin Si Asiye Soleymani Yan Xin Helena e.Hagelin-weaver Department of Chemical engineering University of FloridaGainesville 32611USA National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Florida State UniversityTallahassee 32310USA

Well-defined surface structures and uniformity are key factors in exploring structure–activity relationships in heterogeneous catalysts.A modified atomic layer deposition method and three well-defined CeO_(2) nanoshapes,octahedra with(111)surfaces,cubes exposing(100)facets,and rods with(100)and(110)surface facet terminations,were utilized to synthesize ultra-low loading Pt/CeO_(2) catalysts and allow investigations on the influence of ceria surface facet on isolated Pt species under reducing conditions.A mild reduction temperature(150℃)reduces the initial platinum ions present on the surfaces of the ceria support but preserves the isolated Pt atoms on all ceria surface *** contrast,a reduction temperature of 350°C,reveals very different interactions between the initial single Pt atoms and the various ceria surface facets,leading to dissimilar and nonuniform Pt ensembles on the three ceria *** isolate facet dependent Pt–CeO_(2) interactions and avoid variations between Pt species,the Pt1/CeO_(2) catalysts after reduction at 150°C were subjected to CO oxidation *** isolated Pt atoms on the CeO_(2) octahedra and cubes are less active in the CO oxidation reaction,compared with Pt on CeO_(2) *** the case of Pt on the CeO_(2) octahedra this is due to strongly bound CO blocking active sites together with a stable CeO_(2)(111)surface limiting the oxygen supply from the *** the CeO_(2) cubes,some Pt is not available for reaction and CO is bound strongly on the available Pt *** addition,the Pt catalysts supported on the CeO_(2) cubes are not stable with time on *** isolated Pt atoms on the CeO_(2) rods are considerably more active under these conditions and this is due to a weaker Pt–CO bond strength and more facile reverse oxygen spillover from the defect-rich(110)surfaces of the rods due to the lower energy of oxygen vacancy formation on this CeO_(2) *** Pt supported on the CeO_(2) rods is also remarkably stable with t

关键词： single atom catalyst CeO_(2)shapes facet effects Pt1/CeO_(2) diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)

Prophylaxis with intraocular pressure lowering medication and glaucomatous progression in patients receiving intravitreal anti-VeGF therapy

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(english edition) 2022年第10期15卷 1611-1618页

作者： jeanette Du James T Patrie Xiao-Yu Cai Bruce e Prum Yevgeniy Shildkrot New York eye and ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai 310 East 14 StreetNew YorkNY 10003USA Department of Public Health Sciences University of VirginiaP.0.Box 800717CharlottesvilleVirginia 22908USA Department of Ophthalmology University of Virginia School of Medicine1300 Jefferson Park AveCharlottesvilleVirginia 22908USA

AIM: To investigate whether pretreatment with pressurelowering medication prior to anti-vascular endothelial factor(VeGF) injections had an effect on glaucomatous progression in patients with preexisting glaucoma or ocular hypertension(OHT).MeTHODS: A total of 66 eyes from 54 patients with a preexisting diagnosis of glaucoma or OHT, treated with six or more anti-VeGF injections were selected for chart review. Primary outcome measures were rate of visual field loss in d B/year, rate of change in retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness in microns/year, and need for additional glaucoma ***: The number of eyes requiring additional glaucoma medication was 5 of 20(25.0%) and 14 of 46(30.4%) for the pretreated and non-pretreated groups, respectively. The number of eyes requiring glaucoma laser or surgery was 4 of 20(20.0%) and 13 of 46(28.3%) for the pretreated and non-pretreated groups, respectively. estimated mean rate of pattern standard deviation decline was not significant in either group(P>0.073), with no difference between groups(P=0.332). Although both groups showed significant RNFL change from baseline(Perence was detected between groups(P=0.467).CONCLUSION: Pretreatment has no detectable effect on structural or functional glaucomatous progression. Patients receiving repeated injections may be at risk for glaucomatous complications requiring invasive intervention.

关键词： anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy pretreatment glaucomatous progression

Preclinical and clinical studies on cancer-associated cachexia

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Frontiers in Biology 2018年第1期13卷 11-18页

作者： D. Brooke Widner D. Clark Files Kathryn e. weaver Yusuke Shiozawa Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC 27157 USA Internal Medicine-Sections inPulmonaryand Critical Care Medicine and Geriatrics and the Critical Illness Injury and Recovery Research Center Wake Forest School of Medicine W~nston-Salem NC 27157 USA Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University Wake Forest School of Medicine Wtnston-Salem NC 27157 USA

BACKGROUND： Cancer cachexia is the wasting condition that is often seen in advanced stage cancer patients. This wasting is largely attributable to a systemic and progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass that greatly hinders performance of normal daily activities, resulting in reduced quality of life. Moreover, it negatively influences the prognosis of cancer patients. A general consensus in the field is that the loss of muscle mass is due both to an increase in protein degradation and a decrease in protein synthesis. Recent studies using preclinical models for studying cachexia have been useful in identifying the contribution of inflammatory cytokines （e.g. tumor necrosis factor-a and Interleukin-6）, and myostatin receptors （e.g. the type IIB activin receptor） to cachexia development, and have led to several clinical trials. However, many questions remain about the molecular mechanisms thought to play a role in the development of cachexia. MeTHODS： We conducted a literature search using search engines, such as PubMed and Google Scholar to identify publications within the cancer cachexia field. ReSULTS- We summarized our current knowledge of： 1） the driving mechanisms of cancer cachexia, 2） the preclinical models available for studying the condition, and 3） the findings of recent clinical trials. CONCLUSION： Cancer cachexia is a complex and variable condition that currently has no standard effective therapeutic treatment. Further studies are desperately needed to better understand this condition and develop effective combination treatments for patients.

关键词： cancer cachexia muscle wasting bodyweight loss metabolic changes increased protein degradation decreased protein synthesis

Modulation of human global/local perception by low spatial frequency filtering

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第21期48卷 2336-2339页

作者： HANShihui J.A.weaver S.O.Murray KANGXiaojian e.W.Yund D.L.Woods DepartmentofPsychology CenterforBrainandCognitiveSciencesPekingUniversityBeijing100871China DepartmentofNeurology UniversityofCaliforniaatDavisVANorthernCaliforniaSystemofClinicsDavisCA95616USA

We investigated the effect of low spatial fre-quency (SF) filtering on neural substrates underlying global and local processing in the peripheral vision by measuring hemodynamic responses with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Subjects identified global or local shapes of compound letters that were either broadband in spatial- frequency spectrum or contrast balanced (CB) to removed low SFs and displayed randomly in the left or right visual fields. Attention to both broadband and CB global shapes generated stronger activation over the medial occipital cor-tex relative to local attention. Lateralized activations in association with global processing were observed over the right temporal-parietal junction for broadband stimuli whereas over the right fusiform gyrus for CB stimuli. Atten-tion to CB local shapes resulted in activations in the medial frontal cortex, bilateral inferior frontal and superior tempo-ral cortices. The results were discussed in terms of the competition between global and local information in determining brain activations in association with global/local processing of compound stimuli.

关键词：神经系统血液动力学功能磁性共振图空间频率光谱

The Traveling Wave Reactor: Design and Development

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engineering 2016年第1期2卷 88-96页

作者： John Gilleland Robert Petroski Kevan weaver Terra Power LLC

The traveling wave reactor （TWR） is a once-through reactor that uses in situ breeding to greatly reduce the need for enrichment and reprocessing. Breeding converts incoming subcritical reload fuel into new critical fuel, allowing a breed-burn wave to propagate. The concept works on the basis that breed-burn waves and the fuel move relative to one another. Thus either the fuel or the waves may move relative to the stationary observer. The most practical embodiments of the TWR involve moving the fuel while keeping the nuclear reactions in one place-sometimes referred to as the standing wave reactor （SWR）. TWRs can operate with uranium reload fuels including totally depleted uranium, natural uranium, and low-enriched fuel （e.g., 5.5% 23sU and below）, which ordinarily would not be critical in a fast spectrum. Spent light water reactor （LWR） fuel may also serve as TWR reload fuel. In each of these cases, very efficient fuel usage and significant reduction of waste volumes are achieved without the need for re- processing. The ultimate advantages of the TWR are realized when the reload fuel is depleted uranium, where after the startup period, no enrichment facilities are needed to sustain the first reactor and a chain of successor reactors. TerraPower＇s conceptual and engineering design and associated technolo- gy development activities have been underway since late 2006, with over 50 institutions working in a highly coordinated effort to place the first unit in operation by 2026. This paper summarizes the TWR technology： its development program, its progress, and an analysis of its social and economic benefits.

关键词： Nuclear energyelectricity generationAdvanced reactorTraveling wave reactorSustainability

Kudzu Response to Foliar Applied Herbicides

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第7期6卷 856-863页

作者： Mark A. weaver Robert e. Hoagland C. Douglas Boyette United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Southern Weed Science Research Unit Stoneville USA

Chemical control is presently the most cost-effective means to control kudzu;however, some of the herbicides labeled for kudzu control have substantial non-target toxicity, poor selectivity, high cost, long soil persistence, high soil mobility and/or high use rates. The present study evaluated other herbicides for efficacy in suppressing aboveground kudzu biomass in replicated field trials at three sites over two years. A single application of aminopyralid, triclopyr or metsulfuron resulted in at least 90% kudzu suppression in the following season at two locations. After a second year of treatment those herbicides and fluroxypyr produced at least 90% kudzu suppression, and 100% kudzu control was reached on some test plots. Glyphosate, glufosinate and mesotrione were less effective in controlling kudzu. Given the rapid growth potential of kudzu, complete eradication should be pursued. None of the herbicides evaluated in the present study could reliably achieve eradication of mature kudzu with two applications, so additional control efforts would be required.

关键词： Herbicidal Control Invasive Species Pueraria montana var. lobata Weed Control

Neonatal lamb mortality:major risk factors and the potential ameliorative role of melatonin

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 451-461页

作者： Tom Flinn David O.Kleemann Alyce M.Swinbourne Jennifer M.Kelly Alice C.weaver Simon K.Walker Kathryn L.Gatford Karen L.Kind William H.e.J.van Wettere Davies Livestock Research Centre School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesThe University of AdelaideRoseworthySAAustralia Turretfield Research Centre South Australian Research and Development InstituteRosedaleSAAustralia Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical SchoolThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia

High incidences of pre-weaning mortality continue to limit global sheep production,constituting a major economic and welfare *** significant advances in genetics,nutrition,and management,the proportion of lamb deaths has remained stable at 15–20%over the past four *** is mounting evidence that melatonin can improve outcomes in compromised ovine pregnancies via enhanced uterine bloodflow and neonatal *** review provides an overview of the major risk factors and underlying mechanisms involved in perinatal lamb mortality and discusses the potential of melatonin treatment as a remedial *** pregnant ewes with melatonin enhances uterine bloodflow and fetal oxygenation,and potentially birthweight and neonatal thermogenic *** freely crosses the ovine placenta and blood-brain barrier and provides neuroprotection to the fetal lamb during periods of chronic and acute hypoxia throughout gestation,with improved behavioural outcomes in hypoxic *** current literature provides strong evidence that maternal melatonin treatment improves outcomes for lambs which experience compromised in utero development or prolonged parturition,though to date this has not been investigated in livestock production *** such there is a clear basis for continued research into the effects of maternal melatonin supplementation during gestation on pre-weaning survival under extensive production conditions.

关键词： Lamb survival Melatonin Neonatal mortality Reproduction Sheep

Biological Control Potential of <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i>for Coffee Senna (<i>Cassia occidentalis</i>)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第4期3卷 430-436页

作者： Clyde D. Boyette Robert e. Hoagland Mark A. weaver Kenneth Stetina United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Biological Control of Pests Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Biological Control of Pests Research Unit Stoneville USA USDA-ARS Crop Production Systems Research Unit Stoneville USA

A fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was isolated from a greenhouse-grown seedling of coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis) and evaluated as a mycoherbicide for that weed. Host range tests revealed that coffee senna, wild senna (C. marilandica), and sicklepod (C. obtusifolia) were also affected by this pathogen, but 35 other crop and weed species, representing 8 botanical families were not affected. The fungus sporulated prolifically on solid and liquid media with maximum spore germination and growth occurring at 20°C - 30°C. Optimal environmental conditions included at least 12 h of free moisture (dew) at 20°C - 30°C. Spray mixtures containing approximately 1.0 × 105 or more conidia·ml–1 gave maximum control when coffee senna seedlings were sprayed until runoff occurred. Coffee senna seedlings that were in the cotyledon to first-leaf growth stage were most susceptible to this pathogen. Weed control efficacy studies under field conditions demonstrated that control of coffee senna was directly proportional to the inoculum concentration applied. Results of these tests suggest that this fungus has potential as a mycoherbicide to control coffee senna, a serious weed in the southeastern U.S.

关键词： Bioherbicide Mycoherbicide Coffee Senna Cassia occidentalis Colletotrichum gloeosporioides