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Teaching Polymer Chemistry: Revisiting the Syllabus

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Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry 2012年第4期2卷 132-143页

作者： Thierry Hamaide Yves Holl Laurent Fontaine jean-Luc Six Armand Soldera Centre Québécois des Matériaux Fonctionnels Département de Chimie U. Sherbrooke J1K2R1 Qc Canada Institut Charles Sadron CNRS 23 Rue du Loess Strasbourg Cedex France Lorraine Université Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Macromoléculaire Nancy France Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères Villeurbanne France Université du Maine Unité de Chimie Organique Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire Le Mans cedex France

As anyone who has taught polymer chemistry to undergraduate students might already appreciate, we are faced with inherent difficulties in clearly communicating the subject matter due its interdisciplinary character. This paper is thus aimed at proposing a new educational plan to teach this fundamental course in order to overcome some inherent obstacles. It is especially devoted to professors in charge of teaching a first course in polymer chemistry. We intend to emphasize polymerization by beginning with the simplest chemical pathway, namely the living anionic polymerization. In addition, some pedagogical difficulties are outlined all along this paper. This novel and distinct way to teach polymer chemistry makes the students with a background in organic chemistry more equipped to face difficulties arising from the introduction of new concepts.

关键词： Teaching Polymer Chemistry Chain Polymerization Step-Growth Polymerization Polycondensation Polyaddition

Human mesenchymal stem cells inhibit CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells to differentiate into immunogenic dendritic cells through activation of Notch pathway

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Human mesenchymal stem cells inhibit CD34+ hematopoietic pro...

MEDICATION USE AND THE RISK OF STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME OR TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS

2008年中国病理生理学会第十一届肿瘤和第十二届免疫专业委员会学术会议

作者： Sophie Paczesny jean-Francois Stoltz Assia Eljaafari Department of Pediatrics University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer CenterAnn ArborMI48105USA. Laboratory of Mechanobiology and Engineering of Cells and Tissues CNRS UMR 7563Faculty of MedicineNancyFrance Immunogenomics Unit EA 4061Hopital E.Herriotand University Claude Bernard Lyon I.

The mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on differentiation of dendritic cells (DC) have been shown to involve soluble factors and/or cell-cell *** this study,we intent to clarify these mechanisms by examining the immunosuppressive effect of human adult MSC on adult DC differentiated from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC).MSC have been shown to inhibit interstitial DC differentiation from monocytes and umbilical CD34+***,we confirm that MSC not only halt interstitial DC but also Langerhans cell differentiation from adult CD34+HPC,as assessed by the decreased expression of CDla,CD14,CD86,CDS0 and CD83 antigens on their cell surface. Accordingly,the functional capacity of these cells (MSC-DC) to stimulate alloreactive T cells was *** coculture of MSC with CD34+HPC resulted in much stronger immunosuppressive effect than either conditioned medium or indirect coculture,and led to an activation of the Notch pathway as assessed by the overexpression of Hes1 in ***,a gamma-secretase inhibitor that inhibits NOTCH signaling was able to overcome MSC-DC *** conclusion,our data suggest that MSC inhibit adult CD34+HPC to differentiate into DC through activation of the NOTCH pathway.

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MEDICATION USE AND THE RISK OF STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME OR T...

Isolated Caeco-Vesical Fistula: A Case Report

中成药上市后药物流行病学评价培训会议

作者： jean.claude ROUJEAU JUDITH P.KELLY LUIGI NALDI BERTHOLD RZANY ROBERT S.STERN THERESA ANDERSON ARIANE AUQUIER SYLVIE BASTUJI-GARIN OSVALDO CORREIA FRANCESCO LOCATI MAJA MOCKENHAUPT CATHERINE PAOLETTI SAMUEL SHAPIRO NEIL SHEAR ERWIN SCHPF DAVID W.KAUFMAN Department of Dermatology Universite Paris Ⅻ CreteilFrance M.D. the Slone Epidemiology Unit Boston University School of MedicineBostonM.S. Gruppo Italiano Studi Epidemiologici in Dermatologia Department of DermatologyUniversita degli Studi di MilanoBergamoItalyM.D. the Department of Dermatology Beth Israel HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonM.D. the Slone Epidemiology Unit Boston University School of MedicineBostonR.N. the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology INSERM Unite 351Institut Gustave-RoussyVillejuifFranceM.S. the Department of Public Health Universite Paris Ⅻ CreteilFranceM.D. Grupo Portugues EIYS Department of Dermatology and ImmunologyHospital S.JoaoFaculdade de MedicinaPortoPortugalM.D. the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology INSERM Unite 351Institut Gustave-RoussyVillejuifFrance the Slone Epidemiology Unit Boston University School of MedicineBostonM.B.F.R.C.P.(E.) the Department of Pharmacology Sunnybrook Health Science CentreTorontoM.D. the Slone Epidemiology Unit Boston University School of MedicineBostonSC.D.

*** epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome are rare,life-threatening, drug-induced cutaneous *** conducted a case-control study to quantify the risks associated with the use of specific drugs. *** were obtained through surveillance networks in France,Germany,Italy,and *** use before the onset of disease was compared in 245 people who were hospitalized because of toxic epidermal necrolysis or Stevens-Johnson syndrome and 1147 patients hospitalized for other reasons(controls).Crude relative risks were calculated and adjusted for confounding by multivariate methods when numbers were large enough. *** drugs usually used for short periods, the risks were increased for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and other sulfonamide antibiotics(crude relative risk,172;95 percent confidence interval,75 to 396), chlormezanone(crude relative risk,62;21 to 188),aminopenicillins (multivariate relative risk,6.7;2.5 to 18), quinolones(multivariate relative risk,10;2.6 to 38),and cephalosporins(multivariate relative risk,14;3.2 to 59). For acetaminophen,the multivariate relative risk was 0.6 (95 percent confidence interval,0.2 to 1.3) in France but 9.3(3.9 to 22) in the other *** drugs usually used for months or years,the increased risk was confined largely to the first two months of treatment, when crude relative risks were as follows:carbamazepine, 90(95 percent confidence interval,19 to∞);phenobarbital, 45(19 to 108);phenytoin,53(11 to∞);valproic acid,25(4.3 to∞);oxicam nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),72(25 to 209);allopurinol,52(16 to 167);and corticosteroids,54(23 to 124).For many drugs,including thiazide diuretics and oral hypoglycemic agents,there was no significant increase in risk. *** use of antibacterial sulfonamides, anticonvulsant agents,oxicam NSAIDs,allopurinol,chlormezanone, and corticosteroids is associated with large increases in the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epi

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Open Journal of Urology 2020年第12期10卷 309-314页

作者： Lucienne Irène Patricia Ondima Melvin Ondongo Atipo Steve Aristide Ondziel Opara Didace Massamba-Miabaou Régis Moyikoua Peggy Dalhia Galou Mawandza Moï se Yanguedet Service Caryne Mboutol-Mandavo Pierre Aymar Oko jean.claude Mieret Cardinale Princilia Okiemy Niendet Gracia Christelle Ossete Erica Nuptia Akobande Anani Wenceslas Séverin Odzébé Prosper Bouya Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Pediatric Surgery Department University Hospital Center Brazzaville Republic of Congo Urology and Andrology Department University Hospital Center Brazzaville Republic of Congo Visceral Surgery Department University Hospital Center Brazzaville Republic of Congo Medical Imaging Department University Hospital Center Brazzaville Republic of Congo Multipurpose Resuscitation Department University Hospital Center Brazzaville Republic of Congo Pediatric Intensive Care Unit University Hospital Center Brazzaville Republic of Congo

Congenital uro or genito-digestive fistulas are frequently found in the context of caudal pole malformations. Isolated congenital forms without associated anorectal malformation have not been reported until now. We report the first case we know a 9 year old female child received in a pediatric surgery consultation for fecaluria evolving since birth with a permeable anus. She presented a good general condition, a good staturo-ponderal and psychomotor development, a vulva soiled by stool and a permeable anus with a tonic sphincter. A retrograde urethrocystography revealed a caeco-vesical fistula. Surgery consisted of ligation-section of the caeco-vesical septum. A follow-up urethrocystography at three months post-surgery no longer visualized the fistula. Our post-operative follow-up is 4 years. Isolated congenital caeco-vesical fistula is an unknown pathology whose late diagnosis can have serious repercussions.

关键词： Fistula Congenital Isolated Caecum Bladder Child Surgery

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环境微生物学：基础与应用微生物生态

国外科技新书评介 2015年第8期 10-10页

作者： jean.claude Bertrand 鲁敏不详中国科学院动物研究所

本书是一本关于微生物生态学的论文集，内容涵盖了生物界微生物生态学的经典和前沿问题。该书主要强调微生物生态学的研究工具，微生物的分类和微生物活动和相互作用，以及与微生物相关的食物网动态研究和生物地球化学循环。该书的研究... 详细信息

本书是一本关于微生物生态学的论文集，内容涵盖了生物界微生物生态学的经典和前沿问题。该书主要强调微生物生态学的研究工具，微生物的分类和微生物活动和相互作用，以及与微生物相关的食物网动态研究和生物地球化学循环。该书的研究工作拓展到微生物生态学的传统领域外，

关键词：微生物生态学环境微生物学生物地球化学循环应用基础微生物活动相互作用微生物相

Electrocardiographic Safety of Daily Hydroxychloroquine 400 mg Plus Azithromycin 250 mg as an Ambulatory Treatment for COVID-19 Patients in Cameroon

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2021年第2期11卷 106-112页

作者： Liliane Mfeukeu-Kuate William Djomo Ngatchou Mazou Ngou Temgoua Charles Kouanfack Daniel Lemoungoum Joel Noutakdie Tochie Armel Zemsi Lauriane Fomete Skinner Lekelem Sylvain Zemsi Joelle Sobngwi Thierry Ntandzi Christian Ngongang Ouankou Yves Wasnyo Antoinette Tsama Assiga Jan René Nkeck Ahmadou Musa Jingi Magellan Guewo Eric Walter Pefura Yone Charlotte Moussi Omgba Paul Owono Etoundi jean Cyr Yombi Samuel Kingue Alain Menanga Jacqueline Ze Minkande Pierre Ongolo Zogo jean.claude Mbanya Pierre Joseph Fouda Eugène Sobngwi Central Hospital of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine and specialities Faculty of Médicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaounde I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Surgery University of Douala Hypertension Clinic and Cardiac Surgery Department St Pierre Hospital Université libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Dschang University Dschang Cameroon Hypertension Clinic and Cardiology Department Erasme Hospital University of Brussels Brussels Belgium Research-Health and Development Yaoundé Cameroon and London School of Economics and Political Sciences London UK ANRS Cameroon Yaoundé Camerroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Jamot Hospital of Yaounde Yaounde Cameroon Regional Public Health Delegation for the Centre Ministry of Public Health Cameroon Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Surgery and Specialities Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Centre for the Development of Good Health Practices Yaoundé Cameroon

Objective: To determine the early electrocardiographic changes in a cohort of ambulatory cameroonian COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychlo- roquine and Azithromycin. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Treatment centres of the city of Yaounde, Cameroon, from May 7th to 24th 2020. Participants: We enrolled 51 consecutive confirmed COVID-19 on RT-PCR who having mild forms of COVID-19 and treated by hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily during seven #days plus Azithromycin 500 mg the first day and 250 mg the remaining 4 days as per national standard. Main Outcomes Measures: The primary end-point was the change in QTc interval between day 0 (D0), day 3 (D3) and day 7 (D7). Secondary endpoints were changes in all other cardiac electrical conductivity patterns and the occurrence of clinical arrhythmic events during the course of treatment. Results: The population (29 men and 22 women) was aged 39 ± 11 years (range 17 to 61 years

关键词： Early Electrocardiographic Changes COVID-19 Hydroxychloroquine Azithromycin Cameroon

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考试的有效性甚微

外语教学理论与实践 1981年第4期 40-40页

作者： jean.claude Motte ,樊争鸣

每当考试有效地衡量着那认为应该衡量的东西而非他物时,考试才算有效。考试的有效性是相对的。对考试有效性的估价,首先要看人们确定什么样的考试目的。然而,首先就可能出现考试的目的含糊不清或确定不当的问题。比如,法国中学毕业统考... 详细信息

每当考试有效地衡量着那认为应该衡量的东西而非他物时,考试才算有效。考试的有效性是相对的。对考试有效性的估价,首先要看人们确定什么样的考试目的。然而,首先就可能出现考试的目的含糊不清或确定不当的问题。比如,法国中学毕业统考就是这样。法国中学毕业统考是一种综合性考试,它既是中学教育的毕业检验,同时又确定应考者可否获得大学入学资格。因而,中学毕业统考的双重目的,很可能有一个甚难达到。

关键词：法国中学法兰西共和国中等学校有效性