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Clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors-where do we stand in 2012?

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第18期18卷 2161-2171页

作者： Michael D Drepper Laurent Spahr jean louis Frossard Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineGeneva University Hospital14 Geneva CH-1211Switzerland

Clopidogrel in association with aspirine is considered state of the art of medical treatment for acute coronary syndrome by reducing the risk of new ischemic *** treatment with proton pump inhibitors in order to prevent gastrointestinal side effects is recommended by clinical *** needs metabolic activation predominantly by the hepatic cytochrome P450 isoenzyme Cytochrome 2C19(CYP2C19) and proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) are extensively metabolized by the CYP2C19 isoenzyme as *** pharmacodynamic studies investigating a potential clopidogrel-PPI interaction found a significant decrease of the clopidogrel platelet antiaggregation effect for omeprazole,but not for *** clinical cohort studies in 2009 reported an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events,when under clopidogrel and PPI treatment at the same *** observations led the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medecines Agency to discourage the combination of clopidogrel and PPI(especially omeprazole) in the same *** contrast,more recent retrospective cohort studies including propensity score matching and the only existing randomized trial have not shown any difference concerning adverse cardiovascular events when concomitantly on clopidogrel and PPI or only on *** meta-analyses report an inverse correlation between clopidogrel-PPI interaction and study quality,with high and moderate quality studies not reporting any association,rising concern about unmeasured confounders biasing the low quality ***,no definite evidence exists for an effect on *** PPI induced risk reduction clearly overweighs the possible adverse cardiovascular risk in patients with high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding,combination of clopidogrel with the less CYP2C19 inhibiting pantoprazole should be recommended.

关键词： Clopidogrel Thienopyridine Proton pump inhibitors Drug interaction Platelet reactivity Antiplatelet therapy Cytochromes Acute coronary syndrome Gastrointestinal bleeding

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Scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography analysis of non-stoichiometry long-period-stacking-ordered structures in Mg-Ni-Y/Sm alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 954-965页

作者： Yimeng Chen Manuel Legrée jean-louis Bobet Alexander Kvit CAMECA Instruments Inc MadisonWI 53711USA ICMCB Universitéde BordeauxPessacCEDEX 33608France NIAC&Materials Science Department University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53706USA

The long-period-stacking-ordered(LPSO)structure affects the mechanical,corrosion and hydrolysis properties of Mg *** current work employs high angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM)and atom probe tomography(APT)to investigate the structural and local chemical information of LPSO phases formed in Mg-Ni-Y/Sm ternary alloys after extended isothermal *** on the alloying elements and their concentrations,Mg-Ni-Y/Sm develops a two-phase LPSO+α-Mg structure in which the LPSO phase contains defects,hybrid LPSO structure,and Mg ***-STEM and APT indicate non-stoichiometric LPSO with incomplete Ni_(6)(Y/Sm)_(8) *** addition,the APT quantitatively determines the local composition of LPSO and confirms the presence of Ni within the Mg bonding *** results provide insight into a better understanding of the structure and hydrolysis properties of LPSO-Mg alloys.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Long-range ordering Atom probe tomography(APT) STEM HAADF Hydrolysis properties.

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High prevalence of cholestasis, with increased conjugated bile acids in inflammatory bowel diseases patients

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第4期6卷 44-53页

作者： Marc Girardin Antoine Hadengue jean-louis Frossard Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Geneva University Hospital

AIM To investigate the prevalence and causes of cholestasis in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases in the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Cohort. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed of all the patients in the Swiss Inflammatory bowel disease Cohort. Total bile acid was measured for all patients and cholestasis was defined as a concentration > 8 μmol/L. The characteristics of patients with or without cholestasis were compared. Bile acid profiles were then determined for 80 patients with high total bile acid and 80 matched patients with low total bile acid. Bile acid profiles were compared for smokers vs nonsmokers, ileal vs colonic disease, and inflammatory vs non inflammatory *** Ninety-six patients had more than 8 μmol/L total bile acid, giving a prevalence of 7.15%. Patients with an obvious cause of cholestasis, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, were then excluded, leaving 1190 participants with total bile acid 8 μmol/L. In multivariate analysis, calcium supplementation was significantly associated with cholestasis(odds ratio, 2.36, 95%CI: 1.00-5.21, P = 0.040) whereas current smoking significantly reduced the risk of cholestasis(odds ratio, 0.42, 95%CI: 0.17-0.91, P = 0.041). Levels of all conjugated bile acids were higher in the cholestasis group than in the control group. When we compared patients with ileal vs colonic disease, the former had higher levels of primary, secondary, and tertiary bile acids whereas patients with colonic disease had higher levels of conjugated bile *** Prevalence of cholestasis is high. Smoking appears to reduce cholestasis. Conjugated bile acids are higher in cholestasis and in colonic disease whereas unconjugated in ileal disease.

关键词： Lipid Liver Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Cholestasis

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Induction of antiproliferative effect by diosgenin through activation of p53, release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and modulation of caspase-3 activity in different human cancer cells

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Cell Research 2004年第3期14卷 188-196页

作者： Cecile CORBIERE,Bertrand LIAGRE,Faraj TERRO,jean-louis BENEYTOUT Laboratoire de Biochimie UPRES EA 1085 Faculté de Pharmacie rue du Docteur Marcland 87025 Limoges Cedex France Laboratoire de Biochimie UPRES EA 1085 Faculté de Pharmacie rue du Docteur Marcland 87025 Limoges Cedex France Service d'Histologie et Biologic Cellulaire Faculte de Medecine rue du Docteur Marcland 87025 Limoges Cedex France Laboratoire de Biochimie UPRES EA 1085 Faculté de Pharmacie rue du Docteur Marcland 87025 Limoges Cedex France

Previously, we demonstrated that a plant steroid, diosgenin, altered cell cycle distribution and induced apoptosis in the human osteosarcoma 1547 cell line. The objective of this study was to investigate if the antiproliferative effect of diosgenin was similar for different human cancer cell lines such as laryngocarcinoma HEp-2 and melanoma M4Beu cells. Moreover, this work essentially focused on the mitochondrial pathway. We found that diosgenin had an important and similar antiproliferative effect on different types of cancer cells. In addition, our new results show that diosgenin-induced apoptosis is caspase-3 dependent with a fall of mitochondrial membrane potential, nuclear localization of AIF and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Diosgenin treatment also induces p53 activation and cell cycle arrest in the different cell lines studied.

关键词： diosgenin apoptosis p53 AIF caspase cancer cells.

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Modelling of Electrical Conductivity of a Silver Plasma at Low Temperature

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Plasma Science and Technology 2016年第8期18卷 812-820页

作者： Pascal ANDRE William BUSSIERE Alain COULBOIS jean-louis GELET David ROCHETTE Université Clermont Auvergne LAEPT MERSEN 15 rue Jacques de Vaucanson

During the working of electrical fuses, inside the fuse element the silver ribbon first begins to melt, to vaporize and then a fuse arc appears between the two separated parts of the element. Second, the electrodes are struck and the burn-back phenomenon takes place. Usually, the silver ribbon is enclosed inside a cavity filled with silica sand. During the vaporization of the fuse element, one can consider that the volume is fixed so that the pressure increase appears to reach pressures higher than atmospheric pressure. Thus, in this paper two pressures, 1 atm and 10 atm, are considered. The electrical field inside the plasma can reach high values since the distance between the cathode surface and the anode surface varies with time. That is to say from zero cm to one cm order. So we consider various electrical fields： 102 V/m, 103 V/m, 5×103 V/m, 104 V/m at atmospheric pressure and 105 V/m at a pressure of 10 atm. This study is made in heavy species temperature range from 2,400 K to 10,000 K. To study the plasma created inside the electric fuse, we first need to determine some characteristics in order to justify some hypotheses. That is to say： are the classical approximations of the thermal plasmas physics justified？ In other words： plasma frequency, the ideality of the plasma, the Debye-Hückel approximation and the drift velocity versus thermal velocity. These characteristics and assumptions are discussed and commented on in this paper. Then, an evaluation of non-thermal equilibrium versus considered electrical fields is given. Finally, considering the high mobility of electrons, we evaluate the electrical conductivities.

关键词： electrical conductivity silver fuses non-ideal plasma Debye-Hiickelapproximation drift velocity thermal velocity thermal non-equilibrium electrical fields

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Concomitant autoimmune and genetic pancreatitis leads to severe inflammatory conditions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第16期14卷 2596-2598页

作者： jean louis Frossard jean Marc Dumonceau Catherine Pastor Laurent Spahr Antoine Hadengue Division de Gastroentérologie et Hépatologie Geneva University Hospital

Chronic pancreatitis characterized by an early onset should be extensively investigated including the search for a mutation of the PRSS1, SPINK-1 or CFTR genes and potential features of autoimmune pancreatitis. We here describe a case of chronic pancreatitis with an onset at a very young age in which a mutation of the PRSS1 and several features of autoimmune pancreatitis were identified.

关键词： Chronic pancreatitis Genetics Autoimmunepancreatltis SPINK-1 CFTR PRSS1

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Intervention de jean louis Bourlanges au colloque Chine Europe de Nansha

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法国研究 2006年第2期 1-5页

作者： jean louis Bourlanges 欧盟议会

冷战后的欧盟在指导方针上出了问题,她不知是把自己建成一个联邦(美国式的联邦或合作型的联邦)还是建成一个地处欧洲的小联合国。对这个问题我们现在必须给出答案,否则欧盟还会陷入危机。

关键词：欧盟联邦全球化

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Representation of A15 composition and T_C in internal-Sn Nb_3Sn superconducting strands

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第11期53卷 3020-3026页

作者： Andre SULPICE jean-louis SOUBEYROUX Christophe VERWAERDE Gia Ky HOANG NEEL/CNRS-UJF ALSTOM 3 bis avenue des 3 Chenes 90018 Belfort France

Four sets of mono-element (ME) and two kinds of multifilament (MF) internal-Sn Nb3Sn superconducting strands were designed and fabricated through RRP method in which different compoment ratios, various composite configurations and some third element alloying were arranged. All the strand samples underwent a 210°C/50 h + 340°C/25 h thermal duration for Cu-Sn alloying. After that A15 phase formation heat treatment (HT) was applied for which the ME samples were chosen at three reaction temperatures of 675°C, 700°C and 725°C for 100 h and 200 h while the MF samples at four temperatures of 650°C, 675°C, 700°C and 725°C for 128 h and 200 h. The heat-treated samples were examined for A15 phase composition distribution by X-ray EDS. SQUID magnetization measurement was used to determine critical temperature TC. The obtained results demonstrate that for fully-reacted internal-Sn Nb3Sn superconductors the A15 phase composition and the intrinsic property TC are determined by the diffusion and solid state reaction mechanism and are independent of the factors including HT temperature, strand composite component and configuration arrangement, and the third element addition within the experimental range.

关键词： internal-Sn Nb3Sn strands A15 phase composition phase formation heat treatment composite configuration and design third element alloying

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Recurrent Clostridium difficile infections:The importance of the intestinal microbiota

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7416-7423页

作者： Marie Céline Zanella Terrier Martine louis Simonet Philippe Bichard jean louis Frossard Service of General Internal Medicine Geneva University Hospital1211 GenevaSwitzerland Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Geneva University Hospital1211 GenevaSwitzerland

Clostridium difficile infections(CDI)are a leading cause of antibiotic-associated and nosocomial *** effective antibiotic treatments,recurrent infections are *** the recent emergence of hypervirulent isolates of ***,CDI is a growing epidemic with higher rates of recurrence,increasing severity and *** microbiota transplantation(FMT)is an alternative treatment for recurrent CDI.A better understanding of intestinal microbiota and its role in CDI has opened the door to this promising therapeutic *** is thought to resolve dysbiosis by restoring gut microbiota diversity thereby breaking the cycle of recurrent *** the first reported use of FMT for recurrent CDI in 1958,systematic reviews of case series and case report have shown its effectiveness with high resolution rates compared to standard antibiotic *** article focuses on current guidelines for CDI treatment,the role of intestinal microbiota in CDI recurrence and current evidence about FMT efficacy,adverse effects and acceptability.

关键词： Clostridium difficile infection Clostridium difficile recurrence Fecal microbiota transplantation Stool transplantation Microbiota

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Recent advances in the management of autoimmune pancreatitis in the era of artificial intelligence

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第48期28卷 6867-6874页

作者： Sahar Mack Yves Flattet Philippe Bichard jean louis Frossard Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medical SpecialtiesUniversity Hospital of GenevaGeneva 1205Switzerland

Autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)is a type of immune-mediated pancreatitis subdivided into two subtypes,type 1 and type 2 ***,type 1 AIP is considered to be the pancreatic manifestation of the immunoglobulin G4(IgG4)-related ***,AIP is increasingly researched and recognized,although its diagnosis represents a challenge for several reasons:False positive ultrasound-guided cytological samples for a neoplastic process,difficult to interpret levels of IgG4,the absence of biological markers to diagnose type 2 AIP,and the challenging clinical identification of atypical ***,60%and 78%of type 1 and type 2 AIP,respectively,are retrospectively diagnosed on surgical specimens of resected pancreas for suspected *** distinguishing AIP from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma can be challenging,obtaining a definitive diagnosis can therefore prove difficult,since endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration or biopsy of the pancreas are *** paper focuses on recent innovations in the management of AIP with regard to the use of artificial intelligence,new serum markers,and new therapeutic approaches,while it also outlines the current management recommendations.A better knowledge of AIP can reduce the recourse to surgery and avoid its overuse,although such an approach requires close collaboration between gastroenterologists,surgeons and *** knowledge on AIP and IgG4-related disease remains necessary to diagnose and manage patients.

关键词： Autoimmune pancreatitis Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Immunoglobulin G4-related disease Prednisone Rituximab Artificial intelligence Plasmablasts

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