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Re-evaluation of recent research on metabolic utilization of energy in poultry: Recommendations for a net energy system for broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 62-72页

作者： jean Noblet Aye-Cho Tay-Zar Shu-Biao Wu Pairat Srichana pierre Cozannet pierre-Andre Geraert Mingan Choct INRAE Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Company Limited (CPF) School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England Adisseo France S.A.S.

Different energy systems have been proposed for energy evaluation of feeds for domestic animals. The oldest and most commonly used systems take into account the fecal energy loss to obtain digestible energy(DE), and fecal, urinary and fermentation gases energy losses to calculate metabolizable energy(ME). In the case of ruminants and pigs, the net energy(NE) system, which takes into account the heat increment associated with the metabolic utilization of ME, has progressively replaced the DE and ME systems over the last 50 years. For poultry, apparent ME(AME) is used exclusively and NE is not yet used widely. The present paper considers some important methodological points for measuring NE in poultry feeds and summarizes the available knowledge on NE systems for poultry. NE prediction equations based on a common analysis of three recent studies representing a total of 50 complete and balanced diets fed to broilers are proposed; these equations including the AME content and easily available chemical indicators have been validated on another set of 30 diets. The equations are applicable to both ingredients and complete diets. They rely primarily on an accurate and reliable AME value which then represents the first limiting predictor of NE value. Our analysis indicates that NE would be a better predictor of broiler performance than AME and that the hierarchy between feeds is dependent on the energy system with a higher energy value for fat and a lower energy value for protein in an NE system. Practical considerations for implementing such an NE system from the commonly used AME or AMEn(AME adjusted for zero nitrogen balance) systems are presented. In conclusion, there is sufficient information to allow the implementation of the NE concept in order to improve the accuracy of feed formulation in poultry.

关键词： Poultry Feed evaluation Net energy Energy system

Monitoring absolute vertical land motions and absolute sea-level changes from GPS and tide gauges data over French Polynesia

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第1期15卷 13-26页

作者： Xianjie Li jean-pierre Barriot Bernard Ducarme Marania Hopuare Yidong Lou Geodesy Observatory of Tahiti University of French PolynesiaFaa'a 98702French Polynesia Catholic University of Louvain Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research(ELI)1348 Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium GNSS Research Center Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote SensingWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China

In this study,we estimate the absolute vertical land motions at three tidal stations with collocated Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)receivers over French Polynesia during the period 2007-2020,and obtain,as ancillary results,estimates of the absolute changes in sea level at the same locations.To verify our processing approach to determining vertical motion,we first modeled vertical motion at the International GNSS Service(IGS)THTI station located in the capital island of Tahiti and compared our estimate with previous independent determinations,with a good agreement.We obtained the following estimates for the vertical land motions at the tide gauges:Tubuai island,Austral Archipelago-0.92±0.17 mm/yr,Vairao village,Tahiti Iti:-0.49±0.39 mm/yr,Rikitea,Gambier Archipelago-0.43±0.17 mm/yr.The absolute variations of the sea level are:Tubuai island,Austral Archipelago 5.25±0.60 mm/yr,Vairao village,Tahiti Iti:3.62±0.52 mm/yr,Rikitea,Gambier Archipelago 1.52±0.23 mm/yr.We discuss these absolute values in light of the values obtained from altimetric measurements and other means in French Polynesia.

关键词： GPS Tide gauges Sea level changes Vertical land motion

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It’s not all in your feet: Improving penalty kick performance with humanavatar interaction and machine learning

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 115-121页

作者： jean-Luc Bloechle Julien Audiffren Thibaut Le Naour Andrea Alli Dylan Simoni Gabriel Wüthrich jean-pierre Bresciani Control and Perception Laboratory University of FribourgBd Perolles 901700 FribourgSwitzerland Motion-up Le PrismePlace Albert Einstein56000 VannesFrance FC Basel 1893 Birsstrasse 320A4002 BaselSwitzerland

Penalty kicks are increasingly decisive in major international football competitions.Yet,over 30%of shootout kicks are missed.The outcome of the kick often relies on the ability of the penalty taker to exploit anticipatory movements of the goalkeeper to redirect the kick toward the open side of the goal.Unfortunately,this ability is difficult to train using classical methods.We used an augmented reality simulator displaying an holographic goalkeeper to test and train penalty kick performance with 13 young elite players.Machine learning algorithms were used to optimize the learning rate by maintaining an optimal level of training difficulty.Ten training sessions of 20 kicks reduced the redirection threshold by 120 ms,which constituted a 28%reduction with respect to the baseline threshold.Importantly,redirection threshold reduction was observed for all trained players,and all things being equal,it corresponded to an estimated 35%improvement of the success rate.

关键词： kick penalty learning

Prediction of net energy of feeds for broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 241-250页

作者： Aye-Cho Tay-Zar Manoosak Wongphatcharachai Pairat Srichana pierre-André Geraert jean Noblet Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Company Limited (CPF) Adisseo France S.A.S. INRAE

Net energy(NE) enables the prediction of more accurate feed energy values by taking into account the heat increment which is approximately 25% of apparent metabolizable energy(AME) in poultry.Nevertheless, application of NE in poultry industry has not been practiced widely. To predict the NE values of broiler diets, 23 diets were prepared by using 13 major ingredients(wheat, corn, paddy rice,broken rice, cassava pellets, full-fat soybean, soybean meal, canola meal, animal protein, rice bran, wheat bran, palm kernel meal and palm kernel oil). The diets were formulated in order to meet the birds' requirements and get a wide range of chemical compositions(on DM basis; 33.6% to 55.3% for starch;20.8% to 28.4% for CP, 2.7% to 10.6% for ether extract [EE] and 7.0% to 17.2% for NDF), with low correlations between these nutrients and low correlations between the inclusion levels of ingredients allowing for the calculation of robust prediction equations of energy values of diets or ingredients. These diets were fed to Ross 308 broilers raised in 12 open-circuit respiratory chambers from 18 to 23 d of age(4 birds per cage) and growth performance, diet AME content and heat production were measured, and dietary NE values were calculated. The trial was conducted on a weekly basis with 12 diets measured each week(1per chamber), 1 of the 23 diets(reference diet) being measured each week. Each diet was tested at least 8times. In total, 235 energy balance data values were available for the final calculations. Growth performance, AME(15.3 MJ/kg DM on average) and AME/GE(79.4% on average) values were as expected. The NE/AME value averaged 76.6% and was negatively influenced by CP and NDF and positively by EE in connection with efficiencies of AME provided by CP, EE and starch for NE of 73%, 87% and 81%,respectively. The best prediction equation was: NE =(0.815 × AME)—(0.026 × CP) +(0.020 × EE)—(0.024 × NDF) with NE and AME as MJ/kg DM, and CP, EE and NDF as % of DM. The NE prediction equations from this study agree with other recen

关键词： Net energy Broiler Poultry Feed evaluation Energy system

Exploration, explanation and exploitation of hydroxyls in zeolites

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National Science Review 2022年第9期9卷 8-9页

作者： Eddy Dib Edwin B.Clatworthy Hugo Cruchade Izabel C.Medeiros-Costa Nikolai Nesterenko jean-pierre gilson Svetlana Mintova Laboratory of Catalysis and Spectrochemistry(LCS) Normandy University National Graduate School of Engineering of Caen(ENSICAEN) French National Center for Scientific Research(CNRS) Total Energies Research and Technology

The ideal crystalline framework of zeolites is perturbed by hydroxyl groups. In pure silica zeolites the framework is neutral, however, the introduction of Al3+into the Si4+oxide framework creates negative charges, giving rise to Br?nsted acid sites (BASs). O?ten referred to as bridged hydroxyls [Si–O(H)–Al], they are formed when a proton is bound to one of the oxygens adjacent to an aluminum.

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Application of novel constrained friction processing method to produce fine grained biomedical Mg-Zn-Ca alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 516-529页

作者： Ting Chen Banglong Fu Junjun Shen Uceu F.H.R.Suhuddin Björn Wiese Yuanding Huang Min Wang Jorge F.dos Santos jean pierre Bergmann Benjamin Klusemann Solid State Materials Processing Institute of Material MechanicsHelmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany Functional Magnesium Materials Institute of Metallic BiomaterialsHelmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDongchuan Road 800Shanghai 200240China Applied Materials and Manufacturing Energy and Environment DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryPO Box 999RichlandWA 99352USA Production Technology Group Technisiche Universität IlmenauGustav-Kirchhoff-Platz 2Ilmenau 98693Germany Institute for Production Technology and Systems Leuphana University of LüneburgUniversitätsallee 1Lüneburg 21335Germany

In order to obtain Mg alloys with fine microstructures and high mechanical performances,a novel friction-based processing method,name as“constrained friction processing(CFP)”,was investigated.Via CFP,defect-free Mg-Zn-Ca rods with greatly refined grains and high mechanical properties were produced.Compared to the previous as-cast microstructure,the grain size was reduced from more than 1 mm to around 4μm within 3 s by a single process cycle.The compressive yield strength was increased by 350%while the ultimate compressive strength by 53%.According to the established material flow behaviors by“tracer material”,the plastic material was transported by shear deformation.From the base material to the rod,the material experienced three stages,i.***.deformation by the tool,upward flow with additional tilt,followed by upward transportation.The microstructural evolution was revealed by“stop-action”technique.The microstructural development at regions adjacent to the rod is mainly controlled by twinning,dynamic recrystallization(DRX)as well as particle stimulated nucleation,while that within the rod is related to DRX combined with grain growth.

关键词： Constrained friction processing Magnesium alloys Microstructure Mechanical properties Grain refinement Plastic deformation

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阿尔茨海默病的药物回顾和展望

Science Bulletin 2024年第10期69卷 1369-1374页

作者： Davide Angioni Julien Delrieu Nicola Coley pierre-jean Ousset Jiong Shi Bruno Vellas Institut Hospitalo Universitaire HealthAge Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Clinical CenterToulouse University HospitalToulouse 31000France Center for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health(CERPOP) University of ToulouseINSERM UMR1295UPSToulouse 31000France Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Toulouse University HospitalToulouse 31000France Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

With population aging,the number of people with dementia is expected to increase over the coming decades.Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the leading cause of dementia worldwide,is characterized by a progressive loss of autonomy leading to dramatic consequences for patients and their caregivers,as well as an increase in health and social care costs.The main physiopathological features of AD include deposition of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles.

关键词：阿尔茨海默病 Alzheimer tau

Factors associated with decreased compliance after on-site extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation for acute respiratory distress syndrome:A retrospective,observational cohort study

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 194-201页

作者： Sylvain Le Pape Florent Joly François Arrivé jean-pierre Frat Maeva Rodriguez Maïa Joos Laura Marchasson Mathilde Wairy Arnaud WThille Rémi Coudroy Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers Service de Médecine Intensive RéanimationPoitiersFrance INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402 IS-ALIVE Research GroupUniversitéde PoitiersPoitiersFrance

Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)for acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is systematically associated with decreased respiratory system compliance(CRS).It remains unclear whether transportation to the referral ECMO center,changes in ventilatory mode or settings to achieve ultra-protective ventilation,or the natural evolution of ARDS drives this change in respiratory mechanics.Herein,we assessed the precise moment when CRS decreases after ECMO cannulation and identified factors associated with decreased CRS.Methods To rule out the effect of transportation and the different modes of ventilation on CRS,we conducted a retrospective,single-center,observational cohort study from January 2013 to May 2020,on 22 patients with severe ARDS requiring on-site ECMO and ventilated in pressure-controlled mode to achieve ultra-protective ventilation.CRS was assessed at different time points ranging from 12 h before ECMO cannulation to 72 h after ECMO cannulation.The primary outcome was the relative change in CRS between 3 h before and 3 h after ECMO cannulation.The secondary outcomes included variables associated with the relative changes in CRS within the first 3 h after ECMO cannulation and the relative changes in CRS at each time point.Results CRS decreased within the first 3 h after ECMO cannulation(−28.3%,95%confidence interval[CI]:−38.8 to−17.9,P<0.001),while the decrease was mild before and after these first 3 h after ECMO cannulation.To achieve ultra-protective ventilation,respiratory rate decreased in the mean by–13 breaths/min(95%CI:−15 to−11)and driving pressure by−8.3 cmH2O(95%CI:−11.2 to−5.3),resulting in decreased tidal volume by−3.3 mL/kg of predicted body weight(95%CI:−3.9 to−2.6)as compared to before ECMO cannulation(P<0.001 for all).Plateau pressure reduction,driving pressure reduction,and tidal volume reduction were significantly associated with decreased CRS after ECMO cannulation,whereas neither respiratory rate,positive end-expiratory pressure,inspired fraction of oxygen,fluid balance

关键词： Acute respiratory distress syndrome Extacorporeal membrane oXygenation Driving pressure Respiratory compliance

Rational and Continuous Measurement of the Emotional Decision Making in Visual Recognition of Facial Emotional Expressions with M.A.R.I.E.: First Half

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第3期14卷 223-264页

作者： Philippe Granato Shreekumar Vinekar jean-pierre Van Gansberghe Raymond Bruyer Unité de R&#233habilitation Psycho-sociale Service de Psychiatrie Centre Hospitalier de Denain Denain France Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences College of Medicine University of Oklahoma Oklahoma City USA Brussels Belgium Institute of Psychological Sciences Center of Neuroscience Cognition and Systems University of Louvain Louvain la Neuve Belgium

Context: The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) requires modeling prior to its implementation in algorithms for most human skills. This observation requires us to have a detailed and precise understanding of the interfaces of verbal and emotional communications. The progress of AI is significant on the verbal level but modest in terms of the recognition of facial emotions even if this functionality is one of the oldest in humans and is omnipresent in our daily lives. Dysfunction in the ability for facial emotional expressions is present in many brain pathologies encountered by psychiatrists, neurologists, psychotherapists, mental health professionals including social workers. It cannot be objectively verified and measured due to a lack of reliable tools that are valid and consistently sensitive. Indeed, the articles in the scientific literature dealing with Visual-Facial-Emotions-Recognition (ViFaEmRe), suffer from the absence of 1) consensual and rational tools for continuous quantified measurement, 2) operational concepts. We have invented a software that can use computer-morphing attempting to respond to these two obstacles. It is identified as the Method of Analysis and Research of the Integration of Emotions (M.A.R.I.E.). Our primary goal is to use M.A.R.I.E. to understand the physiology of ViFaEmRe in normal healthy subjects by standardizing the measurements. Then, it will allow us to focus on subjects manifesting abnormalities in this ability. Our second goal is to make our contribution to the progress of AI hoping to add the dimension of recognition of facial emotional expressions. Objective: To study: 1) categorical vs dimensional aspects of recognition of ViFaEmRe, 2) universality vs idiosyncrasy, 3) immediate vs ambivalent Emotional-Decision-Making, 4) the Emotional-Fingerprint of a face and 5) creation of population references data. Methods: With M.A.R.I.E. enable a rational quantified measurement of Emotional-Visual-Acuity (EVA) of 1) a) an individual observer, b) in a population aged 20 to 70 ye

关键词： M.A.R.I.E. Universality Idiosyncrasy Measurement of Emotional Quotient Emotional Fingerprint Emotional Decision-Making Limbic Lobe