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Geospatial Analysis of Urban Heat Island Effects and Tree Equity

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第1期14卷 1-18页

作者： Jillian Gorrell Sharon R. jean-Philippe paul D. Ries Jennifer K. Richards Neelam C. Poudyal Rochelle Butler School of Natural Resources University of Tennessee 203 Third Creek Building Knoxville Tennessee USA

In recent decades, Urban Heat Island Effects have become more pronounced and more widely examined. Despite great technological advances, our current societies still experience great spatial disparity in urban forest access. Urban Heat Island Effects are measurable phenomenon that are being experienced by the world’s most urbanized areas, including increased summer high temperatures and lower evapotranspiration from having impervious surfaces instead of vegetation and trees. Tree canopy cover is our natural mitigation tool that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis, protects humans from incoming radiation, and releases cooling moisture into the air. Unfortunately, urban areas typically have low levels of vegetation. Vulnerable urban communities are lower-income areas of inner cities with less access to heat protection like air conditioners. This study uses mean evapotranspiration levels to assess the variability of urban heat island effects across the state of Tennessee. Results show that increased developed land surface cover in Tennessee creates measurable changes in atmospheric evapotranspiration. As a result, the mean evapotranspiration levels in areas with less tree vegetation are significantly lower than the surrounding forested areas. Central areas of urban cities in Tennessee had lower mean evapotranspiration recordings than surrounding areas with less development. This work demonstrates the need for increased tree canopy coverage.

关键词： Spatial Analysis Land Cover Urban Heat Island Effect (UHIE) Evapotranspiration Tree Canopy Impervious Surface GIS Prediction Model GIS Machine Learning

Surgical Management of Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis with Instrumentation at the Yaounde Central Hospital: Comparison of Unilateral versus Bilateral Pedicle Screw Fixation Combined with Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2024年第3期14卷 179-189页

作者： Orlane Toto Ndome Nassourou Oumarou Haman Dimitri Fogue jean Bruno Ndoumou Ronaldo Fonju Anu Indira Baboke Vincent De paul Djientcheu Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Neurosurgery Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Neurosurgery Yaounde General and Central Hospitals Yaounde Cameroon Cameroon Academy of Young Scientists Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: The choice of adopting unilateral pedicle screw fixation or using bilateral pedicle screw fixation in lumbar spinal stenosis remains controversial. In our context, very few studies have been performed comparing the clinical effectiveness of unilateral versus bilateral fixation in the surgical management of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Objective: Evaluate the impact on quality of life and clinical efficacy of unilateral spondylodesis compared to bilateral spondylodesis in the surgical management of lumbar spinal canal stenosis at the Yaounde Central Hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study for a period of 4 years, from June 2015 to June 2019. It involved all patients operated for lumbar canal stenosis and who underwent spondylodesis or spinal fusion at the neurosurgery department of the Yaounde Central Hospital. Results: A total of 68 participants were recruited during our study period. 32 (47%) of the study population were in the 50 - 60 age group, with a mean age of 56.98 years ranging from 41 to 75 years. Females, housewives and farmers were the most affected. In our study, 72% of patients had unilateral spondylodesis and 28% had bilateral fusion. Preoperatively, 71% of patients had insurmountable pain, refractory to medical treatment. At 3 months postoperatively, 73.7% of patients with bilateral setup had moderate pain compared to 69% of those with unilateral setup. At 6 months postoperatively, 79% of patients with bilateral fusion had mild pain compared to 82% of patients with unilateral setup. At 1 year postoperatively, all patients had mild pain. Preoperatively, 66.2% of patients were unable to walk and 19.1% of patients were bedridden according to the Oswestry score. At 3 months postoperatively, 10.2% of patients with unilateral setup were unable to walk compared to 10.5% of patients with bilateral fixation, while 67.3% of patients with unilateral fixation had moderate disability compared to 52.6% of patient

关键词： Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis Instrumentation Surgery Quality of Life

Multi-Elemental Analysis and 2D Image Mapping within Roots, Leaves and Seeds from O. glaberrima Rice Plants Using Micro-PIXE Technique

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2024年第2期14卷 97-106页

作者： Alassane Traore Anna Ndiaye Christopher Bongani Mtshali Manneh Baboucarr jean paul Latyr Faye Daouda Mbodj Kandiaba Traore Tapha Gueye Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao Département de Physique Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Département de Chimie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Tandetron Laboratory IBA Group iThemba LABS Cape Town South Africa Africa Rice Center St. Louis Senegal

Understanding metal accumulation at organ level in roots, leaves and seeds in O. glaberrima (OG) is crucial for improving physiological and metabolic aspects in growing Asian and African rice in salted areas. The micro-analytical imaging techniques are required to reveal its accumulation and distribution within plant tissues. PIXE studies have been performed to determine different elements in rice plants. The existing microbeam analytical technique at the iThemba LABS will be applied for the 2D image mapping of fresh rice tissues to perform a concentration of low atomic mass elements (such as Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Br, Zn and K) with detection limits of typically 1-10 μg/g. Comparison of the distribution of the elements between leaves, root and seed samples using uptake and distribution of elements in particular environmental conditions with potential amount of salt in water have been performed. We are also expecting to indicate metal exclusion as salt tolerance strategies from leaves, root, and seed compartments using matrix correlation between samples and between elements on rice species.

关键词： PIXE 2D Mapping Rice Concentration Elemental Analysis

Impact of Tension-Type Headaches in the Workplace in Brazzaville

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2024年第2期15卷 77-91页

作者： Happhia Dinah Boubayi Motoula Latou Josué Euberma Diatewa Ghislain Armel Mpandzou Prince Eliot Galieni Sounga Bandzouzi jean Brice Mouendenguia Karen Lise Obondzo Aloba paul Macaire Ossou-Nguiet Faculty of Health Sciences Universit Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo Department of Neurology Brazzaville University Hospital Congo Department of Neurology Loandjili General Hospital Pointe-Noire Congo

Introduction: Tension-type headaches are the most widespread of the primary headache disorders. Due to their high prevalence, tension-type headaches represent a major public health problem with an enormous socio-economic burden. Determining their impact remains a challenge. Objective: To assess the impact of occupational tension-type headache in Brazzaville and identify associated factors. Population and Methods: This was an analytical case-control study conducted in public and private companies in the city of Brazzaville over a period of four (04) months. The case population consisted of cephalalgic employees;the control population was drawn from the same companies and was free of tension-type headaches. Study variables were divided into socio-professional, clinical and individual impact variables. Individual impact variables were represented by: the HIT-6 score, which incorporates a very broad conception of disability, covering several domains, namely: severity of pain during attacks and the restrictive and limiting nature of attacks. Results: Individual impact was severe in 18 (62.1%) men and 11 (37.9%) women. Mean age was 36.3 6.14 years for cases with severe impact. The mean duration of headache was 40.3 32.7 months for cases with severe impact. Tension headache evolved in attacks in 22 (75.9%) cases with severe impact, and continuously in seven (24.1%) cases. The average number of attacks per month was 2.52 1.04 for cases with severe impact. Cases with severe impact included 14 (48.3%) with chronic headache and 15 (51.7%) with episodic headache. Pain of severe intensity present in 48.3% of cases was associated with a severe impact of tension-type headache: OR = 151.66 [2.36 - 44245.95] and p-value = 0.037. At least one days absence from work per year was observed in 47.4% of our cases. The number of days off work per year due to tension-type headache had an interquartile range between 0 and 3 days and extremes from 0 to 14 days. It was the consequence of a sev

关键词： Impact Tension Headache Workplace

Enhancing Precision in Radiotherapy Delivery: Validating Monte Carlo Simulation Models for 6 MV Elekta Synergy Agility LINAC Photon Beam Using Two Models of the GAMOS Code

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2024年第2期14卷 146-163页

作者： Nogaye Ndiaye Oumar Ndiaye Papa Macoumba Faye Kodjo Joël Fabrice N’Guessan Djicknack Dione Khady Sy Moussa Hamady Sy jean paul Latyr Faye Alassane Traoré Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao Institute of Applied Nuclear Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal International Cancer Center of Dakar Dakar Senegal Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

The most crucial requirement in radiation therapy treatment planning is a fast and accurate treatment planning system that minimizes damage to healthy tissues surrounding cancer cells. The use of Monte Carlo toolkits has become indispensable for research aimed at precisely determining the dose in radiotherapy. Among the numerous algorithms developed in recent years, the GAMOS code, which utilizes the Geant4 toolkit for Monte Carlo simula-tions, incorporates various electromagnetic physics models and multiple scattering models for simulating particle interactions with matter. This makes it a valuable tool for dose calculations in medical applications and throughout the patient’s volume. The aim of this present work aims to vali-date the GAMOS code for the simulation of a 6 MV photon-beam output from the Elekta Synergy Agility linear accelerator. The simulation involves mod-eling the major components of the accelerator head and the interactions of the radiation beam with a homogeneous water phantom and particle information was collected following the modeling of the phase space. This space was po-sitioned under the X and Y jaws, utilizing three electromagnetic physics mod-els of the GAMOS code: Standard, Penelope, and Low-Energy, along with three multiple scattering models: Goudsmit-Saunderson, Urban, and Wentzel-VI. The obtained phase space file was used as a particle source to simulate dose distributions (depth-dose and dose profile) for field sizes of 5 × 5 cm2 and 10 × 10 cm2 at depths of 10 cm and 20 cm in a water phantom, with a source-surface distance (SSD) of 90 cm from the target. We compared the three electromagnetic physics models and the three multiple scattering mod-els of the GAMOS code to experimental results. Validation of our results was performed using the gamma index, with an acceptability criterion of 3% for the dose difference (DD) and 3 mm for the distance-to-agreement (DTA). We achieved agreements of 94% and 96%, respective

关键词： GAMOS Monte Carlo LINAC Radiotherapy Dose Distribution Phase Space Gamma Index 6 MV Photon Beam

Acceptance and Experience of HIV-Infected Adolescents in Two Hospitals in Yaoundé

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 435-443页

作者： Isabelle Mekone Nkwele Nelly Kamgaing Pierrette Amanda Emah Manga jeannette Épée Ngoué Hélène Kamo Sélangai Claude Audrey Meguieze Nsoh Ndeh-Fofang Serge Tchoukoua jean-Baptiste Fotso Djemo paul Koki Ndombo Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé de Bangangté Université des Montagnes Bangangté Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon

Introduction: Access to antiretroviral drugs has improved the survival of children infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). As they reach adolescence, they are confronted with various constraints related to the infection and its treatment, in addition to those of the growth period they are going through. The main aim of the study was to assess the acceptance and describe the experience of HIV infection by infected adolescents but also to investigate the factors associated with good acceptance and a positive experience. Methodology: The cross-sectional analytic study concerned HIV-infected adolescents aged 15 to 19 followed up at the Chantal Biya Foundation-Mother and Child Centre (CME-FCB) and the Yaoundé University Hospital Centre (CHUY) between February 2020 and June 2020. The study saw participants complete a questionnaire containing socio-demographic data and assessing acceptance and experience with the infection. Data analysis was accomplished using Epi info software version 7.***.2.6. Results: One hundred and thirteen HIV-infected adolescents were included in the study. The sex ratio was 0.68 and the mean age was 17 years. More than half of the adolescents had a good acceptance and positive experience with the infection. Related factors were the adolescent’s perception of good health and participation in an association with other infected adolescents. Conclusion: Emphasizing the psychological and educational follow-up of infected adolescents and encouraging their participation in associations for adolescents living with HIV could reduce the consequences of poor acceptance and ensure a better transition to adulthood. .

关键词： HIV Adolescent Acceptance Experience

Role of Media in Promoting Peace and Conflict Resolution in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo

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Journalism and Mass Communication 2024年第2期14卷 101-111页

作者： jean-paul Paluku Kamili Richard Muhindo Taghembwa jean-Baptiste Kakule Mbakula Universitéde l’Assomption au Congo(UAC) ButemboRDC

The research examined the role of media in promoting peace and conflict resolution in North Kivu,Democratic Republic of *** security situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC),particularly in the eastern region of North Kivu,has been *** study was anchored in social identity *** research methodology employed for this study was qualitative,focusing on the analysis of *** Mateso’s contributions to Radio Okapi’s“Dialogue entre Congolais”program during the period from 2019 to *** research was conducted within the broader context of the persistent war and conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo,providing valuable insights into the dynamics and challenges of addressing the ongoing insecurity and violence in the *** study found that media,exemplified by Radio Okapi,plays a multifaceted and significant role in promoting peace and conflict resolution in North Kivu,Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC).It serves as a critical source of accurate information,enabling informed decision-making regarding ceasefire agreements,peace talks,and humanitarian *** fosters dialogue and understanding among different stakeholders,contributing to reconciliation ***,it raises awareness about the human cost of the conflict,challenges misinformation,monitors peace agreements,amplifies the concerns of the affected population,and promotes human rights and *** also engages youth,serves as an early warning system,and attracts global attention to the *** is recommended that media organizations in North Kivu continue their efforts to facilitate dialogue and understanding among different stakeholder ***,media should maintain its focus on raising awareness about the human cost of the conflict,ensuring that the suffering of civilians remains in the spotlight and generates international empathy and *** outlets should also continue their role as watchdogs by closely monitoring the im

关键词： media peace building conflict resolution North-Kivu

Morbidity and Mortality during Anaesthesia in Patients with versus without Diabetes: Single-Centre Cohort Study

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第3期14卷 93-107页

作者： Noelly Mukuna Wilfrid Mbombo Joseph Nsiala Aliocha Nkodila Alphonse Mosolo Freddy Mbuyi Jonathan Kukila paul Kambala Rémy Kashala Chris Nsitwavibidila Patrick Kobo Dan Kankonde Gracias Likinda jean Claude Mubenga Khazi Anga Lionel Diyamona Berthe Barhayiga Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Kinshasa University Clinics University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DRC Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Monkole Hospital Kinshasa DRC Protestant University of Congo Kinshasa DRC Laboratory Department Monkole Hospital Kinshasa DRC Department of Clinical Biology Kinshasa University Clinics University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DRC Surgical Department Monkole Hospital Kinshasa DRC Department of Internal Medicine Monkole Hospital Kinshasa DRC

Background and objective: Classically, diabetic subjects are at high risk of anaesthesia compared with general population. However, some recent publications have shown contrasting and sometimes contrary results. The aim of our study was to evaluate morbidity and mortality during and after anaesthesia in patients with versus without diabetes operated on at Monkole Hospital over the last ten years. Methods: Retrospective cohort study including all patients who underwent all-comers surgery excluding cardiac surgery between 2011 and 2021. Each diabetic patient was matched to 2 non-diabetic controls on age and sex. The evaluation criterion was the frequency of occurrence of at least one perioperative complication and/or death up to day 30. A multivariate analysis using a Cox model was used to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of this morbidity and mortality. The model was adjusted for comorbidities, preoperative hyperglycaemia, ASA score, type of anaesthesia and severity of surgery. Results: A total of 351 diabetic patients (mean age 53.3 ± 14.18 years) and 701 non-diabetic patients (mean age 53.52 ± 14.7 years) were included and analysed. Preoperatively, hyperglycaemia (blood glucose > 180 mg/dl) was observed in 24.3% of diabetic patients compared with 1.6% of non-diabetic patients. The incidence of overall perioperative complications was 25.6% in diabetic patients compared with 28.6% in non-diabetic patients (p = 0.27). The risk factors associated with this morbidity were general anaesthesia with oro-tracheal intubation vs loco-regional anaesthesia (OR = 3.06 [95%CI: 1.91 - 4.94];p Conclusion: This study shows that there is not significant increase in perioperative morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic ones of similar severity. These results suggest that diabetes itself (excluding associated comorbidities) has only a minor impact on perioperative morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Anaesthesia Diabetes Morbidity Mortality Perioperative

Effectiveness and safety of therapeutic plasma exchange to modify the functionality of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia antibodies and correct profound thrombocytopenia:A case report and literature review

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2023年第4期3卷 373-375页

作者： Audrey Graser Anne Bauters jean-Luc auffray Caroline Vayne François Provot Merce Jourdain Laurent Robriquet Department of Intensive Care Medicine CHU LilleLille F-59000France Service d'Hémostase-Transfusion Institut d'HématologieCentre de Biologie Pathologie GénétiqueBoulevard du Professeur Jules LeclercqCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de LilleLille 59037France Service de Cardiologie Institut Coeur PoumonBoulevard du Professeur Jules LeclercqCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de LilleLille 59037France Service d'Hématologie-Hémostase Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de ToursUniversitéde ToursTours EA4245 T2IFrance Pôle de Néphrologie Hôpital Albert CalmetteBoulevard du Professeur Jules LeclercqCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de LilleLille 59037France Department of Intensive Care Medicine Univ LilleInsermCHU LilleLille F-59000France

Introduction Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia(HIT)is a rare but life-threatening complication of heparin *** IgG antibodies recognize heparin-modified platelet factor 4(PF4/H IgG)and activate the platelets,increasing ... 详细信息

关键词： heparin antibodies thrombocytopenia