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Dynamics in the Prevalence of Insulin Resistance between 2005 and 2023 in Type 2 Diabetics in South Kivu in the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo: Cross-Sectional Studies

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2024年第1期14卷 28-40页

作者： Dieudonné Masemo Bihehe Ahadi Birindwa Bwihangane jean-Paulin Mukonkole Mbo Christian Tshongo Muhindo michel Hermans Philippe Bianga Katchunga Hô pital général de référence de Panzi Faculté de Médecine Université Evangélique en Afrique Bukavu DR Congo Département de Médecine interne Université de Kisangani Provine de la Tshopo DR Congo Département de Médecine interne Université Catholique de Bukavu Bukavu DR Congo Service d’endocrinologie et de diabétologie Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc Université Catholique de Louvain Bruxelles Belgique Département de Médecine interne Cliniques Universitaires de Bukavu Université Officielle de Bukavu Bukavu DR Congo

Aim: Sub-Saharan Africa is undergoing an epidemiological transition responsible for a change in the metabolic profile in favour of insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of the prevalence of insulin resistance and associated risk factors in diabetic patients in the Democratic Republic of Congo between 2005 and 2023. Method: We measured fasting blood glucose and insulin levels and looked for metabolic syndrome parameters (2009 criteria) in type 2 diabetes patients in 2005-2008 (n = 176) and in 2018-2023 (n = 303). The HOMA model was used to measure insulin sensitivity and islet β-cell secretory function. Results: Between 2005 and 2013, the trend was towards an increase in the prevalence of insulin resistance (from 13.1% to 50.8%;p Conclusion: This present study shows an increase in insulin resistance in Congolese urban areas and a persistence of atypical diabetes mellitus in Congolese rural areas, confirming the particularity of the pathophysiology of the disease in African areas currently influenced by the epidemiological transition. Further studies using an appropriate methodology are required.

关键词： Prevalence Diabetes Mellitus Insulin Resistance Metabolic Syndrome South Kivu

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Direct observation of interlayer coherent acoustic phonon dynamics in bilayer and few-layer PtSe2

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Photonics Research 2019年第12期7卷 1416-1424页

作者： XIN CHEN SAIFENG ZHANG LEI WANG YI-FAN HUANG HUIYAN LIU JIAWEI HUANG NINGNING DONG WEIMIN LIU IVAN MKISLYAKOV jean michel NUNZI LONG ZHANG JUN WANG Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power LaserShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser ScienceShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China School of Physical Science and Technology Shanghai Tech UniversityShanghai 201210China STU&SIOM Joint Laboratory for Superintense Lasers and the Applications Shanghai 201210China Department of Physics Engineering Physics&Astronomy and Department of ChemistryQueen's UniversityKingstonK7L-3N6 OntarioCanada State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China

This work reports the real-time observation of the interlayer lattice vibrations in bilayer and few-layer PtSe_2 by means of the coherent phonon method. The layer-breathing mode and standing wave mode of the interlayer vibrations are found to coexist in such a kind of group-10 transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs). The interlayer breathing force constant standing for perpendicular coupling(per effective atom) is derived as 7.5 N/m,2.5 times larger than that of graphene. The interlayer shearing force constant is comparable to the interlayer breathing force constant, which indicates that PtSe2 has nearly isotropic interlayer coupling. The low-frequency Raman spectroscopy elucidates the polarization behavior of the layer-breathing mode that is assigned to have A1 g symmetry. The standing wave mode shows redshift with the increasing number of layers, which successfully determines the out-of-plane sound velocity of PtSe2 experimentally. Our results manifest that the coherent phonon method is a good tool to uncover the interlayer lattice vibrations, beyond the conventional Raman spectroscopy limit. The strong interlayer interaction in group-10 TMDCs reveals their promising potential in high-frequency(~terahertz) micro-mechanical resonators.

关键词： polarization interlayer coherent

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重访全球化时代理论的未来

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上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2019年第6期27卷 109-117页

作者：让·米歇尔·拉巴泰李淼(译) 宾夕法尼亚大学费城19104 上海交通大学外国语学院上海200240

本文拟对理论作一番审视和诊断以预测理论在当下及未来的发展方向。文章首先回顾了本人2002年的著作《理论的未来》,该书旨在回应风靡当时的共识--理论已经死亡。笔者认为这种死刑判决为时过早。理论不仅在今天仍具有生命力,而且显然在... 详细信息

本文拟对理论作一番审视和诊断以预测理论在当下及未来的发展方向。文章首先回顾了本人2002年的著作《理论的未来》,该书旨在回应风靡当时的共识--理论已经死亡。笔者认为这种死刑判决为时过早。理论不仅在今天仍具有生命力,而且显然在未来也将得以延续。笔者评估了20世纪90年代受到驳斥的理论:一种来自马克思主义或解构思想的强势理论;相比之下,由新理论探索催生的、具有多重复调且相对较弱的理论更为人青睐。新理论遵循德里达后期的思想,但对理论的一些主张表示怀疑。在不断涌现的新理论中,笔者着重讨论三种主要的批评话语:情感理论、生态批评和后拉康式精神分析学,并援引自己书中的例子进行阐释。文章最后得出结论,由于视角健康多样,理论在当今依旧充满活力。

关键词：理论批评学派情感生态精神分析多样性

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A 3D Human Liver Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第4期8卷 359-370页

作者： Marion Duriez Agnes Jacquet Lucile Hoet Sandrine Roche Marie-Dominique Bock Corinne Rocher Gilles Haussy Xavier Vigé Zsolt Bocskei Tamara Slavnic Valérie Martin jean-Claude Guillemot michel Didier Aimo Kannt Cécile Orsini Vincent Mikol Anne-Céline Le Fèvre Translational Sciences Sanofi1 Avenue Pierre BrossoletteChilly-MazarinFrance IT&M STATS Groupe IT&MNeuilly-sur-SeineFrance Non Clinical Biostatistics SanofiVitry sur SeineFrance Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research SanofiIndustriepark HöchstFrankfurtGermany Institute of Experimental Pharmacology Medical Faculty MannheimUniversity of HeidelbergMannheimGermany

Background and Aims: To better understand nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) disease progression and to evaluate drug targets and compound activity, we undertook the devel-opment of an in vitro 3D model to mimic liver architecture and the NASH environment. Methods:We have developed an in vitro preclinical 3D NASH model by coculturing primary hu-man hepatocytes, human stellate cells, liver endothelial cells and Kupffer cells embedded in a hydrogel of rat collagen on a 96-well plate. A NASH-like environment was induced by ad-dition of medium containing free fatty acids and tumor ne-crosis factor-α. This model was then characterized by biochemical, imaging and transcriptomics analyses. Results:We succeeded in defining suitable culture conditions to main-tain the 3D coculture for up to 10 days in vitro, with the lowest level of steatosis and reproducible low level of inflammation and fibrosis. NASH disease was induced with a custom me-dium mimicking NASH features. The cell model exhibited the key NASH disease phenotypes of hepatocyte injury, steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Hepatocyte injury was highlighted by a decrease of CYP3A4 expression and activity, without loss of viability up to day 10. Moreover, the model was able to stimulate a stable inflammatory and early fibrotic environ-ment, with expression and secretion of several cytokines. A global gene expression analysis confirmed the NASH induc-tion. Conclusions:This is a new in vitro model of NASH dis-ease consisting of four human primary cell-types that exhibits most features of the disease. The 10-day cell viability and cost effectiveness of the model make it suitable for medium throughput drug screening and provide attractive avenues to better understand disease physiology and to identify and characterize new drug targets.

关键词： 3D liver model Human primary cells Key features of NASH

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Biological Activity of <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>and <i>Ravensara aromatica</i>Essential Oils from Madagascar and Their Possible Use against Postharvest Mango Anthracnose

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第11期11卷 1682-1697页

作者： Soloniony Navalonamanitra Andrianjafinandrasana Marc Chillet Isabelle Ratsimiala Ramonta jean-michel Leong Pock Tsy Jerôme Minier Pascal Danthu Université d’Antananarivo Sciences et Technologies Sciences de la Vie et de l’Environnement Biotechnologie Antananarivo Madagascar DP Forêts & Biodiversité Antananarivo Madagascar Cirad Persyst UMR Qualisud 7 Chemin de l’IRAT 97410 SAINT PIERRE La Réunion UMR Qualisud Université de Montpellier CIRAD Université de la Réunion Montpellier SupAgro Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse Montpellier France Département des Recherches Forestières et Gestion Ressources Naturelles-FOFIFA Antananarivo Madagascar Cirad UPR HortSys Université de Montpellier Montpellier France

The fungitoxicity of five Malagasy essential oils (Eos) against Colletotrichum asianum was assessed in terms of conidial germination and mycelial growth. Their effect on defense-related compounds content, physicochemical properties and anthracnose lesions in mango fruits was also determined. Four of the tested Eos were from Ravensara aromatica leaves, and the last Eo was extracted from clove leaves. Their chemical compositions were then determined through GC-MS analysis and the active compound of the most fungitoxic Eo was determined by testing the toxicity of its major component to C. asianums spore germination, mycelial

关键词： Biological Activity Syzygium aromaticum Ravensara aromatic Fungitoxicity Anthracnose Essential Oils

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译解人类基因组:计算机科学家在生物学中面临的挑战

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科学对社会的影响 1990年第4期39卷 28-37页

作者： jean-michel Claverie 张大卫巴斯德研究所实验室

全面译解人类基因组的计划需要建立高分辨率的遗传图,需要确定构成基因组的数以万计DNA片段的有序集(称为“物理图谱”),需要测定构成人类基因组的30亿个核苷酸的准确排列顺序。目前运用的或正在研究的实验策略是依靠计算机科学的各个方... 详细信息

全面译解人类基因组的计划需要建立高分辨率的遗传图,需要确定构成基因组的数以万计DNA片段的有序集(称为“物理图谱”),需要测定构成人类基因组的30亿个核苷酸的准确排列顺序。目前运用的或正在研究的实验策略是依靠计算机科学的各个方面:自动化、模拟、计算、计划管理、数据库等。这一庞大计划虽属生物学范畴,但其成功首先要靠所用信息技术的质量,或许还要靠数据库和数据表达领域的新概念的出现。

关键词：计算机人类基因组

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资秩学院单元01

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世界建筑导报 2004年第Z1期 46-47页

作者： jean michel Crettaz,Takuro Hoshino 单元主任单元主任

不断的发展建筑物构造物使之与全球化这一主题交汇,并在建筑文化圈内检验他们的位置。这个单元的工作运用并体现出进化的设计过程及生命系统,最后在建筑类型的形式中检测它们。我们所以从事研究的这些原理及其内在矛盾开发(exploit)出... 详细信息

不断的发展建筑物构造物使之与全球化这一主题交汇,并在建筑文化圈内检验他们的位置。这个单元的工作运用并体现出进化的设计过程及生命系统,最后在建筑类型的形式中检测它们。我们所以从事研究的这些原理及其内在矛盾开发(exploit)出了创造性的能量以及表现方式,而这些,对于新的建筑和人造物的构想都是有所裨益的。

关键词：人造物建筑 body 课题全球化

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阅读尤仑斯尤仑斯当代艺术中心

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室内设计与装修 2008年第2期 39-45页

作者： jean michel Wilmotte 马清运何勍

有本书名叫《我不是在博物馆，就是在去博物馆的路上》，这书名我印象很深刻，书倒是没看过。天天泡博物馆是为了什么呢？我想，要么是以此为生的人，要么是闲极无聊之人。酒足饭饱去博物馆除了像写这本书的这类真正的风雅之士，很多都... 详细信息

有本书名叫《我不是在博物馆，就是在去博物馆的路上》，这书名我印象很深刻，书倒是没看过。天天泡博物馆是为了什么呢？我想，要么是以此为生的人，要么是闲极无聊之人。酒足饭饱去博物馆除了像写这本书的这类真正的风雅之士，很多都是附庸风雅的人。

关键词：博物馆书名尤仑斯当代艺术中心

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开拓HR合理的新格局

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商学院 2007年第12期 64-65页

作者： jean-michel Cayer Ivan Marten 波士顿咨询公司芝加哥办公室公司巴黎办公室

在公司制定人力资源战略时,有三种趋势会逐渐清晰起来。这些趋势将迫使公司的人力资源战略从重组型转变为以增长和发展为基础。

关键词：人力资源战略 HR 公司制重组

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Management of digestive bleeding related to portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients:A French multicenter cross-sectional practice survey

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第48期12卷 7810-7814页

作者： Pierre Ingrand Jérme Gournay Pierre Bernard Frédéric Oberti Brigitte Bernard-Chabert Arnault Pauwels Philippe Renard Eric Bartoli jean-Franois Cadranel jean-Claude Barbare Isabelle Ingrand michel Beauchant Clinical Research Center Poitiers University France Hepato-Gastroenterology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes France Hepato-Gastroenterology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-André Bordeaux France Hepato-Gastroenterology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Angers France Hepato-Gastroenterology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Reims France Hepato-Gastroenterology Centre Hospitalier Gonesse France Hepato-Gastroenterology Centre Hospitalier Argenteuil France Hepato-Gastroenterology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens France Hepato-Gastroenterology Centre Hospitalier Creil France Hepato-Gastroenterology Centre Hospitalier Compiègne France Hepato-Gastroenterology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Poitiers France

AIM: To investigate the conformity of management practices of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in cirrhotic patients with relevant guidelines. METHODS: A questionnaire on the management of digestive bleeding was completed for all consecutive cirrhotic patients admitted to 31 French hospitals. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-six bleeding events were recorded. It was the first bleeding episode in 79 patients (63%), of whom 40 (51%) had a prior diagnosis of cirrhosis and 25 (32%) had previously undergone an endoscopy. The bleeding episode was a recurrence in 46 patients (37%). The median time between onset and admission was 4 h, but exceeded 12 h in 42% of cases. There was an agreement between centers forearly vasoactive drug administration (87% of cases), association with ligation (42%) more often than sclerosis (21%) at initial endoscopy, and antibiotic prophylaxis (64%). By contrast, prescription of beta-blockade alone or in combination (0 to 100%, P = 0.003) for secondary prophylaxis and lactulose (26% to 86%, P = 0.04), differed among centers. CONCLUSION: In French hospitals, management of bleeding related to portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients is generally in keeping with the consensus. Broad variability still remains concerning beta-blockade use for secondary prophylaxis. Screening for esophageal varices, the use of antibiotic prophylaxis and patients information need to be improved.

关键词： Digestive bleeding Portal hypertension Cirrhosis Evaluation studies

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