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Surgical Site Infections in Trauma and Orthopaedics at Bouaké Teaching Hospital (Côte d’Ivoire)

Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第9期14卷 381-390页

作者： Loukou Blaise Yao Koffi Léopold Krah Aya Adelaïde Natacha Kouassi kouam. Innocent M’bra kouam. jean-Eric Kouassi Michel Kodo Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Bouak Teaching Hospital Bouak Cte dIvoire

Background: Surgical site infections are serious healthcare problems. The aim was to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of surgical site infections in Trauma and Orthopaedics at Bouaké Teaching Hospital. Method: This retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted from January 2019 to December 31, 2021. The data studied included prevalence, initial lesions, type of surgical intervention, type of SSI, bacteria involved, treatment, and outcomes. Results: Forty-four (11%) of the 399 patients included in the study developed a surgical site infection. The mean age was 27 years, with 36 male and 8 female. Initial lesions were predominantly open fractures (n = 31;70%), with a mean delay of 48 hours for surgical management. Emergency interventions accounted for 70% (n = 31) of cases. The NNISS infection risk score was 1 in 80% (n = 35) of cases. Superficial infections (n = 34;77%) appeared early, on a mean 6 days postoperatively. Bacteriological analysis primarily identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 10;23%), sensitive to Imipenem and Chloramphenicol but resistant to Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, Ceftriaxone, Gentamicin, and Ciprofloxacin. Multidrug-resistant bacteria were found in 89% (n = 8) of cases, with all bacteria resistant to Ceftriaxone. Surgical revision was performed in 10 patients (23%), primarily involving debridement with hardware retention (n = 7;70%). Chloramphenicol was the most commonly used antibiotic post-antibiogram (61%). Outcomes were favourable in 98% of cases. Identified risk factors included the type of lesion according to NRC classification, the delay in managing open fractures, and the NNISS score. Conclusion: The prevalence of surgical site infection was 11%, favoured by the delayed operation of open fractures.

关键词： Surgical Site Infection Open Fractures Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ceftriaxone

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Experimental Assessment of the Thermal Performance of Two Corrugated Metal Roofs

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2374-2392页

作者： kouam. jean-Louis Kouakou Ekoun Paul Magloire Koffi Bi Tra Désiré Zinla Prosper Gbaha Laboratoire des Procds Industriels de Synthse de lEnvironnement et des Energies Nouvelles Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphout-Boigny Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire

This experimental study is a contribution to the search for solutions to reduce indoor heat gain through sheet metal roofing in hot weather. It has evaluated the thermal impact of two different sheet metal roofs inside of two identical test buildings in sunny weather and cloudy weather conditions. Test building 1 has a single sheet corrugated roof and the building 2 is covered with roof made from top to bottom with corrugated sheet metal, a 12 mm thick serpentine copper tube in which water is circulated, a sheet of aluminium foil acting as a heat reflector, a 4 cm thick polystyrene panel and a 1.5 cm thick plywood. A maximum reduction of 15.1˚C in the temperature of the inner face of the test Building 2 roof was obtained comparatively to the temperature of the inner face of the test Building 1 roof consisting of a single sheet of metal at the warmest hours. In addition, the simple corrugated sheet metal roof of the test building generates high and varied temperatures inside the building. Whereas the proposed heat recovery roof favours low and relatively uniform temperatures inside the building. The proposed sheet metal roof construction technique is very effective in reducing the heat gain through the roof considerably;thus improving the thermal comfort inside sheet metal roofed dwellings. Hot water has been produced by recovering heat from the metal sheet of the roof of test building 2. The temperature of the hot water produced reached of 39˚C. This study could be also an alternative for the reduction of energy consumption due to the use of mechanical means for cooling of sheet metal roofed houses and the reduction of the use of fossil fuels for domestic hot water production.

关键词： Metal Roof Corrugated Time Lag Decrement Factor

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Detection of ARV-Resistant Mutants in HIV-1-Infected Individuals in a Context of Systematic Switching to an Association Based on Dolutegravir in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2024年第3期14卷 138-151页

作者： Odegue Kpadraux Danielle Kakou-Ngazoa Solange Dechi jean-Jacques Renaud Diallo Zelica Sina kouam. Mireille Sylla Aboubacar Tossea Koui Stéphane Kouakou Venance Adagba Marius Apia N’Chouo kouam. Basile Touré Offianan André Dosso Mireille Molecular Biology Platform Institut Pasteur Abidjan Cte dIvoire Laboratory of the Regional Blood Transfusion Center Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases University Hospital Treichville Abidjan Cte dIvoire Laboratory of the Regional Blood Transfusion Center San-Pdro Cte dIvoire Department of Epidemic Virus Institut Pasteur Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Parasitology Mycology Institut Pasteur Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Bacteriology-Virology Institut Pasteur Abidjan Cte dIvoire

The emergence of antiretroviral resistance mutations represents a major threat to the achievement of national and global goals for the elimination of HIV-1 infection. The global strategy in 2019 in Cte d'Ivoire is a new national policy for the management of people living with HIV with the administration of dolutegravir (DTG)-based fixed-dose combination. The aim of our study was to evaluate HIV-1 resistance to antiretrovirals (ARVs) in infected adult subjects in Cte d’Ivoire in the context of a systematic switch to a DTG-based combination. Between February 2022 and October 2023, a cross-sectional survey with random sampling was conducted in 06 services caring for people living with HIV. A total of 139 participants were included in the study. Adults with a viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL were tested for HIV-1 ARV resistance mutations. Molecular analyses were performed using protocol of ANRS-MIE (National Agency for Research on AIDS and emerging infectious diseases). The interpretation is performed by HIVGRAD (https://***/cms/grade/). The frequencies of HIV-1 resistance to non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), integrase inhibitors (IINTs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) were 82%, 73%, 19% and 11% respectively. The main mutations observed in the different classes were K103N (45%), M184V (64%), E157Q (19%) and L10V/M46I/A71V/I54V (6%) respectively. This study reveals the emergence of resistance to DTG-based fixed-dose combinations, favored by high rates of resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs. This finding underlines the need for enhanced viral load monitoring and HIV-1 genotyping tests to guide the choice of NRTIs for combination therapy. In addition, monitoring for mutations to second-generation NRTIs is essential, given the scale-up of DTG-based regimens currently underway in Cte d’Ivoire.

关键词： Resistant Mutants Dolutegravir HIV-1 Antiretrovirals Côte d’Ivoire

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Osteoarticular Lesions of the Shoulder Girdle by Hippopotamus Bite: Highly Septic Lesion

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期14卷 114-121页

作者： Jr Pierre Germain Ochou Achié jean Régis Akobe Yao Aboh Ganyn Robert Arnaud Assere kouam. jean-Eric Kouassi Adelaïde Aya Natacha Kouassi Ibrahim Soumahoro Zolopégué Marcel Soro Sédi Loues De Randolphe Akpro Gbalé Yannick Blé kouam. Innocent M’bra Loukou Blaise Yao Bada Juste Léopold NiaoréSery Koffi Léopold Krah Michel Kodo Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatological Surgery Bouaké University Hospital Bouaké Ivory Coast Raoul Follereau Institute Manikro Centre Bouaké Ivory Coast

Hippopotamus bites are rare in medical consultations, despite several studies exposing their aggressive character. A case of a hippopotamus bite on the shoulder of a fisherman has been reported. In addition to the osteoarticular aspect representing a therapeutic problem, the infectious aspect was marked by sepsis, with a death in less than 48 hours. Based on this observation, a protocol for the initial management of large animal bites was submitted.

关键词： Bite Hippopotamus Septic Shock

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Comparative Study of Gut Microbiota in Breast Cancer Patients versus Controls in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第9期14卷 405-415页

作者： M’Bengue Gbonon Valérie Gnahore Djeda Franck Kouadio kouam. Assohoun Stanislas Coulibaly Safiatou Diplo Flore Bernadette Sekongo Mamadou Osseni Akandji Afran Sidje Arlette N’Guessan jean-David Dosso Mireille Molecular Genetics Platform Institut Pasteur de Cte dIvoire Abidjan Cte dIvoire Laboratory of Biology and Health UFR Biosciences Flix Houphout Boigny University Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Environment and Health Institut Pasteur de Cte dIvoire Abidjan Cte dIvoire Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Group National Computing Center of Cte dIvoire Flix Houphout Boigny University Bingerville Cte dIvoire National Blood Transfusion Center Abidjan Cte dIvoire Oncology Department Treichville University Hospital Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Context: The gut microbiota represents a complex ecosystem encompassing all unicellular microorganisms residing in the digestive tract, primarily bacteria, fungi, archaea, and even viruses. The relationship between the host and the microbiota is symbiotic: bacteria benefit from a stable environment, while the host gains numerous capabilities in terms of digestion, metabolism, nutrition, and immunity. However, numerous studies suggest that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in various non-communicable diseases, including obesity, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, allergic and immune disorders, behavioral disorders, and even certain cancers. The objective of our study was to characterize the gut microbiota of a group of breast cancer patients by comparing it to that of control subjects in Côte d’Ivoire, using a metagenomic approach. Method: A case-control study was conducted from May 2020 to September 2023. A total of 85 women (39 cases and 46 controls) were recruited, and stool samples were collected from both breast cancer patients and healthy women. Among these, ten (10) samples from patients and ten (10) samples from healthy women were randomly selected for the study of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota was characterized by sequencing the V4 region of 16S rRNA using metagenomic NGS technology, and bioinformatic analysis was performed using the mothur pipeline. Results: In women with breast cancer, we observed a reduction in the relative abundance of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, as well as an increase in the phyla Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Additionally, their microbiota exhibited lower Chao1 and Sobs diversities compared to the control women (p < 0.05). Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) revealed a significant difference between the case and control groups (p < 0.001). This study has highlighted a significant difference in the relative abundance of major phyla within the gut microbiota of cases compared to healthy controls. It wil

关键词： Gut Microbiota 16S Metagenomic Sequencing Breast Cancer Dysbiosis

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Supervised Learning Method: Critical Analysis and Updating of Cubing Rate Formulas for Determining Bark Masses of Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkman (Rosaceae) in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第3期14卷 346-368页

作者： Armand Ndedy Bile Alain Mpouam Benoit Fouadjio Lorette Guedeu Kambale Muhesi Steve Tassiamba Paulette kouam.Eric Wete Marius Ela Michèle Yimga Joseph Ambara Louis Aimé Fono jean Lagarde Betti Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Wood and Forest Sciences ISABEE University of Bertoua Bertoua Cameroon Department of Water and Forests Higher Institute of Agronomic Veterinary and Forestry Studies of Butembo Butembo Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Biology and Plant Faculty of Sciences University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Deutsche Gresellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ) Bertoua Cameroon Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon

The stem barks of Prunus africana are used in the treatment of the benign prostate. Cameroon is one of the important exporters of the barks. Despite the important measures adopted in Cameroon for sustaining its harvesting, some many chalenges still remain. The objective of this work is to refine the forest management parameters in relation to P. africana in the regions of Adamaoua and the South-West by developing a volume rate which makes it possible to estimate the production for a new stem. The work took place in two phases: in the South-West in 2010 and in Adamaoua in 2011. Data collection used the semi-direct method, while the cubing equation was deduced by the multiple linear regression method. Two models for volume estimation and three models for mass prediction were developed. The predictive parameters retained are diameter, height of the bole and thickness of the bark. Results show that the average mass of the dry bark for a given P. africana tree species is 27.55 ± 14.44 kg and this varies according to the site. The strong adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) observed illustrates the reliability of the proposed models. These models provide a reliable tool that can be adopted as a standard in Cameroon for P. africana.

关键词： Prunus africana Prostate Quota Mass Model Sustainable Management

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Dissemination of Resistance Integrons and Genes Coding for Blse and Cabapenemases in the Urban Drainage Network in Cote d’Ivoire

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第5期14卷 268-286页

作者： Coulibaly Kalpy Julien Diaby Aboubakar Sidik Vakou N’dri Sabine M’bengue Gbonon Valérie Carole Claon jean Stephane Yao kouam. Eric Gnali Gbohounou Fabrice Yéo Yéfougnini Bagré Issa Djaman Allico Joseph Dosso Mireille Pasteur Institute of Ivory Coast Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Fé lix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

Antibiotic resistance has become a major threat to human health worldwide. Environment, particularly the water environment, has long been overlooked as a player in the antibiotic resistance cycle, although its role remains unclear. These can provide an ideal setting for the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance, as they are frequently affected by anthropogenic activities. The objective of this study was to establish a diffusion map of resistance integrons used as genetic markers of resistance associated with antibiotic resistance conferring genes (ARGs). Total DNA extracts from non-cultivable bacterial communities were used for the analyses. These communities were obtained from wastewater samples from 14 sites upstream and downstream of drainage channels or effluents in the cities of Abidjan, Bouaké, and Yamoussoukro. The results obtained correspond to the number of positives among the treated samples (n = 39). Among the genetic markers of dissemination, class 1 integrons were the most evident in 94.8% of samples in Abidjan (93.3%), Bouaké (100%) and Yamoussoukro (91.6%). Class 2 integrons and class 3 integrons were found respectively in 41% and 51% of all samples. Genes coding for β-lactamases and blaTEM was identified in almost all samples at a rate of 97.4%. A co-presence of the three genes blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M is also remarkable in the sites of the city of Yamoussoukro. Among the genes coding for carbapenemases, only blaKPC 17.94%, blaNDM 30.76% and blaOXA48 38.46% were detected in the samples.

关键词： Antibiotic Resistance Wastewater Resistance Integrons (RIs) Resistance Genes

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Building the Capacity of Health Professionals in Monitoring and Evaluation in a Public Health Institution: Experience of the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) of Côte d’Ivoire

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Health 2024年第8期16卷 731-749页

作者： Esme Marie Laure Essis N’guetta Mathilde Manouan Anna-Corine Estell Liema Bissouma Ethmonia kouam. Ekissi Orsot Tetchi Sagou Olivier Yayo Stephane Claon Yao Eugene Konan William Yavo Agbaya Stephane Oga Tenenan jean Marie Yeo Joseph Aka National Institute of Public Health Abidjan Cte dIvoire Cellule de Recherche en Sant de la Reproduction de Cte dIvoire (CRESAR-CI) Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Public Health and Biostatistics UFR of Medical Sciences Felix Houphout Boigny University Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Public Health UFR of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences Felix Houphout Boigny University Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Background: In the context of the fight against HIV, a lack of skills in monitoring and evaluating the personnel in charge of activities has been identified at the national level. It was the subject of a priority axis of the national plan for monitoring and evaluating the fight against HIV (2006-2010) that was aimed at strengthening the capacities of actors in this area. To increase the critical mass of competent human resources in the short term, the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) of Côte d’Ivoire organized monitoring and evaluation training sessions for healthcare professionals from 2011 to 2016. Methods: A single case study with multiple levels of analysis was carried out, combining a qualitative survey and a literature review. An evaluation was carried out six months after each training session. In addition, the results of the pre- and post-tests and of the daily and final evaluations that accompanied the various training sessions were used to provide further information. The qualitative data collected were analyzed using INVIVO 15 software. Results: Some 89 health professionals (69% men and 31% women) working at the national level (51% at the central level, including 58% in health programs) and in development partner agencies (37%) participated in this capacity building program. Most participants were senior health managers (56%), data managers (23%), and statisticians and computer scientists (10%). Almost all the trainings were financed by 16 technical and financial partners (85%), mainly the MEASURE Evaluation project (27%). Conclusion: M&E training, despite all its imperfections, has made it possible to identify M&E training needs at the national level and to increase the critical mass of national skills and to have some culture in M&E.

关键词： Short-Term Training Capacity Building Monitoring and Evaluation Health Professional Africa Côte d’Ivoire

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Improvement of Rice Plant Root by Kaolin Application in Iron Toxicity Condition at Zoukougbeu (Central-West of Côte d’Ivoire)

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第5期14卷 308-318页

作者： Sehi Zokagon Sylvain Konan Kouassi Urbain Adechina Olayossimi Ouattara Amidou kouam. Firmin Bongoua jeanne Devisme Cherif Mamadou Brahima Koné Dé partement des Sciences et Techniques Universit&#233 Alassane Ouattara Bouak&#233 C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Centre d’ Excellence Africain sur le Changement Climatique la Bidiversit&#233 et l&#8217Agriculture DurableUniversit&#233 F&#233lix Houphouet Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Dé partement Agriculture et Technologie Nouvelle Universit&#233 de San-Pedro San-Pedro C&#244te d'Ivoire Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Agroforesterie D&#233partement des Sciences de la Terre Universit&#233 Jean Lorougnon Gu&#233d&#233 de Daloa Daloa C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Dé partement de Physiologie V&#233g&#233tale Universit&#233 Felix Houphouet Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Dé patartement des Sciences du sol Universit&#233 Felix Houphouet Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

In the tropics, lowland rice cultivation is often confronted with the problem of iron toxicity. The solution proposed by research in general is the use of industrial silicon. However, the high cost of industrial silicon limits its adoption by farmers. A study was carried out in Zakogbeu;Center-West of Côte d’Ivoire, to assess the potential of kaolin to mitigate the effect of this soil constraint on the root of the rice plant. Five kaolin-based treatments were analyzed (T0 = 0 kg kaolin ha−1, T1 = 366 kg kaolin ha−1, T2 = 736 kg kaolin ha−1, T3 = 1097 kg kaolin ha−1 and T4 = 1465 kg kaolin ha−1 are 0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 kg SiO2 ha−1) in a device in complete random blocks, with 5 repetitions. The results obtained show that kaolin supply increases the length of the root tissue as well as the number of branching of the root of the rice plant. Root tissue increased from 10 cm with T0 treatment to more than 15 cm with treatment T4. The microscopic observation of the roots shows that in the treatment T0, the roots present only primary ramifications and the tertiary and quaternary ramifications are observed with the treatments T3 and T4. The contribution of kaolin is an alternative to inhibit the effect of iron toxicity on the rice plant root development in iron toxicity condition.

关键词： Iron Toxicity Kaolin Root Rice Cote d’Ivoire

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Honey Dressing of Cutaneous Wounds on Limbs in the Traumatology Orthopaedics Department of Bouaké University Hospital

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第9期14卷 411-420页

作者： Achié jean-Régis Akobe Aya Adélaide Natacha Kouassi Ibrahim Soumahoro Zolopégué Marcel Soro Sedy Louess De Randolphe Akpro Bakary Traoré Almamy Kamate Axel Fabrice Essehin Yao Aboh Ganyn Robert Arnaud Assere Lanciné Kaba kouam. Innocent M’bra Loukou Blaise Yao Bada Justin Léopold Niaoré Sery Koffi Léopold Krah Michel Kodo Orthopaedics-Traumatology Department of the University Hospital of Bouak Bouak Ivory Coast Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of the University Hospital of Bouak Bouak Ivory Coast

The study evaluated the effectiveness of honey dressings in healing recent skin wounds with soft tissue loss on limbs. Conducted over a year with 60 patients, results showed a significant reduction in wound size and early healing, with complete recovery on average within 29 days. The study supports honey as a viable wound treatment.

关键词： Healing Honey Limbs Loss of Substances

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