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Impact of photocatalytic remediation of pollutants on urban air quality

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第5期10卷 37-47页

作者： Christian GEORGE Anne BEELDENS Fotios BARMPAS jean-francois doussin Giuseppe MANGANELLI Hartmut HERRMANN Jorg KLEFFMANN Abdelwahid MELLOUKI Universite Lyon 1 CNRS UMR 5256 IRCELYON Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon Villeurbanne F-69626 France Belgian Road Research Centre (BRRC) Woluwedal 42-1200 Brussels Belgium Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineering (LHTEE) Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Box 483 GR 54124 Thessaloniki Greece LISA UMR CNRS 7583 Universite Paris Est Creteil et Universite Paris Diderot Institut Pierre Simon Laplace Crrteil 94010 France 5 CTG Italcementi Group Via Stezzano 87 24126 Bergamo Italy CTG Italcementi Group Via Stezzano 87 24126 Bergamo Italy Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie / School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bergische Universitat Wuppertal (BUW) 42119 Wuppertal Germany Leibniz-Institut fur Troposphairenforschunge.V. (TROPOS) Atmospheric Chemistry Department 04318 Leipzig Germany Institut de Combustion Aerothermique Reactivite et Environnement (ICARE) CNRS (UPR 3021)/OSUC IC Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique Orleans 457071 France

In the recent years, photocatalytic self-cleaning and ＂depolluting＂ materials have been suggested as a remediation technology mainly for NOx and aromatic VOCs in urban areas. A number of products incorporating the aforementioned technology have been made commercially available with the aim to improve urban air quality. These commercial products are based on the photocatalytic properties of a thin layer of TiO2 at the surface of the material （such as glass, pavement, etc.） or embedded in paints or concrete. The use of TiO2 photocatalysts as an emerging air pollution control technology has been reported in many locations worldwide. However, up to now, the effectiveness measured in situ and theexpected positive impact on air quality of this relatively new technology has only been demonstrated in a limited manner. Assessing and demonstrating the effectiveness of these depolluting techniques in real scale applications aims to create a real added value, in terms of policy making （i.e., implementing air quality strategies） and economics （by providing a demonstration of the actual performance of a new technique）.

关键词： Photocatalysis Air pollution Depollution efficiency NOx VOC Air quality abatement and management

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NitroMAC：An instrument for the measurement of HONO and intercomparison with a long-path absorption photometer

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第2期28卷 105-113页

作者： Charbel Afif Corinne Jambert Vincent Michoud Aurélie Colomb Gregory Eyglunent Agnès Borbon Véronique Daele jean-francois doussin Pascal Perros Emissions Measurements and Modeling of the Atmosphere Laboratory EGFEM Unit Center for Analysis and Research Faculty of SciencesSaint Joseph University Beirut Lebanon Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systemes Atmospheriques (LISA) UMR7583 CNRS Universite Paris-Est-Creteil (UPEC) et Universite Paris Diderot (UPD) Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) Creteil France Institut de Combustion Aerothermique Reactivite et Environnement CNRS Orleans France

Nitro MAC（French acronym for continuous atmospheric measurements of nitrogenous compounds） is an instrument which has been developed for the semi-continuous measurement of atmospheric nitrous acid（HONO）. This instrument relies on wet chemical sampling and detection using high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）-visible absorption at540 nm. Sampling proceeds by dissolution of gaseous HONO in a phosphate buffer solution followed by derivatization with sulfanilamide/N-（1-naphthyl）-ethylenediamine. The performance of this instrument was found to be as follows： a detection limit of around 3 ppt with measurement uncertainty of 10% over an analysis time of 10 min. Intercomparison was made between the instrument and a long-path absorption photometer（LOPAP） during two experiments in different environments. First, air was sampled in a smog chamber with concentrations up to 18 ppb of nitrous acid. Nitro MAC and LOPAP measurements showed very good agreement. Then, in a second experiment, ambient air with HONO concentrations below250 ppt was sampled. While Nitro MAC showed its capability of measuring HONO in moderate and highly polluted environments, the intercomparison results in ambient air highlighted that corrections must be made for minor interferences when low concentrations are measured.

关键词： Atmospheric measurements Nitrous acid Sulfanilamide/N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine Long-path absorption photometer French acronym for continuous atmospheric measurements of nitrogenous compounds(NitroMAC)

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Organic aerosol molecular composition and gas–particle partitioning coefficients at a Mediterranean site(Corsica)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第2期28卷 92-104页

作者： Stéphanie Rossignol Florian Couvidat Caroline Rio Sébastien Fable Guillaume Grignion Savelli Olivier Pailly Eva Leoz-Garziandia jean-francois doussin Laura Chiappini Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS) 60 550 Verneuil-en-Halatte France LISA UMR CNRS 7583 Universite Paris Est Creteil et Universite Paris Diderot Institut Pierre Simon Laplace Creteil France CEREA Joint Laboratory Ecole des Ponts Paris Tech/EDF R&D Universite Paris-Est 77455 Marne la Vallee France Qualitair Corse Lieu-dit Lergie RN 200 20250 Corte France Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 20230 San Giuliano Corse France

Molecular speciation of atmospheric organic matter was investigated during a short summer field campaign performed in a citrus fruit field in northern Corsica（June 2011）. Aimedat assessing the performance on the field of newly developed analytical protocols, this work focuses on the molecular composition of both gas and particulate phases and provides an insight into partitioning behavior of the semi-volatile oxygenated fraction. Limonene ozonolysis tracers were specifically searched for, according to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry（GC–MS） data previously recorded for smog chamber experiments. A screening of other oxygenated species present in the field atmosphere was also performed. About sixty polar molecules were positively or tentatively identified in gas and/or particle phases. These molecules comprise a wide range of branched and linear, mono and di-carbonyls（C_3–C7）,mono and di-carboxylic acids（C_3–C_18）, and compounds bearing up to three *** these compounds, some can be specifically attributed to limonene oxidation and others can be related to α- or β-pinene oxidation. This provides an original snapshot of the organic matter composition at a Mediterranean site in summer. Furthermore, for compounds identified and quantified in both gaseous and particulate phases, an experimental gas/particle partitioning coefficient was determined. Several volatile products, which are not expected in the particulate phase assuming thermodynamic equilibrium, were nonetheless present in significant concentrations. Hypotheses are proposed to explain these observations, such as the possible aerosol viscosity that could hinder the theoretical equilibrium to be rapidly reached.

关键词： Secondary organic aerosol Gas–particle partitioning Mediterranean area Carbonyls Carboxylic acids

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Design and Experimental Testing of a Moving Coil Actuator with Compensation Coil

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 707-716页

作者： Boyuan Yin Xianwu Zeng John Frederick Eastham Emelie Nilsson jean-francois Rouquette jean Rivenc Ludovic Ybanez Xiaoze Pei Department of Electronics&Electrical Engineering University of BathBathBA27AYUnited Kingdom Airbus UpNext BlangnacFrance Airbus CRT BlangnacFrance Department of Mechanical Engineering University of BathBathBA27AYUnited Kingdom

Hydrogen-powered electric aircraft have attracted significant interests aiming to achieve decarbonization *** DC electric networks are facing great challenges in DC fault protection *** interrupters are widely used in low voltage and medium voltage power systems due to being environmentally friendly with low *** this paper a moving coil actuator with compensation coils for a vacuum interrupter,as part of a hybrid direct current circuit breaker,is designed and experimentally *** coils are used to improve operating speed compared with original moving coil *** between four possible connections of compensation coils and original moving coil actuator are carried *** results show comparisons between different connections of actuator coils in terms of opening time and coil current with a range of pre-charged capacitor *** performance of each actuator connection is also *** actuator with compensation coils is shown to have a higher current rising rate and achieve faster opening speed,which is a critical requirement for electric aircraft network *** parallel connection actuator achieves the highest opening speed within 3.5 ms with capacitor voltage of 50 V.

关键词： Circuit breaker compensation coil moving coil actuator vacuum interrupter

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From Control Theory to Gravitational Waves

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第2期14卷 49-100页

作者： jean-francois Pommaret CERMICS Ecole des Ponts Paris Tech Paris France

When D:ξ→η is a linear ordinary differential (OD) or partial differential (PD) operator, a “direct problem” is to find the generating compatibility conditions (CC) in the form of an operator D1:η→ξ such that Dξ = η implies D1η = 0. When D is involutive, the procedure provides successive first-order involutive operators D1,...,Dn when the ground manifold has dimension n. Conversely, when D1 is given, a much more difficult “inverse problem” is to look for an operator D:ξ→η having the generating CC D1η = 0. If this is possible, that is when the differential module defined by D1 is “torsion-free”, that is when there does not exist any observable quantity which is a sum of derivatives of η that could be a solution of an autonomous OD or PD equation for itself, one shall say that the operator D1 is parametrized by D. The parametrization is said to be “minimum” if the differential module defined by D does not contain a free differential submodule. The systematic use of the adjoint of a differential operator provides a constructive test with five steps using double differential duality. We prove and illustrate through many explicit examples the fact that a control system is controllable if and only if it can be parametrized. Accordingly, the controllability of any OD or PD control system is a “built in” property not depending on the choice of the input and output variables among the system variables. In the OD case and when D1 is formally surjective, controllability just amounts to the formal injectivity of ad(D1), even in the variable coefficients case, a result still not acknowledged by the control community. Among other applications, the parametrization of the Cauchy stress operator in arbitrary dimension n has attracted many famous scientists (G. B. Airy in 1863 for n = 2, J. C. Maxwell in 1870, E. Beltrami in 1892 for n = 3, and A. Einstein in 1915 for n = 4).

关键词： Differential Operator Differential Sequence Killing Operator Riemann Operator Bianchi Operator Cauchy Operator Control Theory Controllability Elasticity General Relativity

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构建安全连接,筑牢通信行业高质量发展底座

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数字经济 2024年第4期 93-95页

作者： jean-francois Ouillet 泰雷兹集团

身处数字化时代,以新一代信息通信技术为核心的物联网(IoT)正在重塑各行各业,为数字经济发展注入强劲动力;同时,也在改变着每个人与周围世界互动的方式,为日常生活带来更多便捷选择。物联网不断为行业数字化转型提供新支撑、为数字经济... 详细信息

身处数字化时代,以新一代信息通信技术为核心的物联网(IoT)正在重塑各行各业,为数字经济发展注入强劲动力;同时,也在改变着每个人与周围世界互动的方式,为日常生活带来更多便捷选择。物联网不断为行业数字化转型提供新支撑、为数字经济发展拓展新空间,整个市场也在持续探索更灵活便捷、安全可靠的连接方式,以应对新挑战。

关键词：信息通信技术通信行业数字化转型数字化时代安全连接强劲动力灵活便捷连接方式

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21世纪全球新建水库编目:丰度、热点区及总蓄水量

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Science Bulletin 2024年第14期69卷 2179-2182页

作者：范晨雨宋春桥 Jida Wang Yongwei Sheng 蔺亚玲苑春雨 Md Safat Sikder jean-francois Crétaux 刘凯陈探曾繁轩柯灵红 Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing(UCASNJ)Nanjing 211135China Department of Geography and Geographic Information Science University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbana IL 61801USA Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences Kansas State UniversityManhattan KS 66506USA Department of Geography University of CaliforniaLos Angeles CA 90095USA Laboratoire d’Études en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales(LEGOS) CNES-IRD-CNRS-UT3Universitéde ToulouseToulouse 31401France College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

Dams and reservoirs play an essential role in regulating and managing water *** the middle of the 20th century,the growing demand for water and hydropower has led to an unprecedented boom in reservoir construction worldwide[1,2].Meanwhile,reservoir construction has also resulted in a variety of ecological and socioeconomic impacts[3–5].Reservoirs transform natural flow regimes into conditions favored by human *** associated flow regulations,especially in reservoirs constructed in recent decades(e.g.,after 2000)with greater seasonal variability[6,7],represent a strong human-induced alteration of the hydrologic *** reservoir construction continues to boom in many parts of the world,an up-to-date and openaccess inventory of reservoirs worldwide remains critically desired.

关键词： reservoir reservoirs alteration

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Application of near-infrared spectroscopy for fast germplasm analysis and classification in multi-environment using intact-seed peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第2期9卷 132-141页

作者： Fentanesh Chekole Kassie Gilles Chaix Hermine Bille Ngalle Maguette Seye Coura Fall Hodo-Abalo Tossim Aissatou Sambou Olivier Gibert Fabrice Davrieux Joseph Martin Bell jean-francois Rami Daniel Fonceka Joel Romaric Nguepjop Department of Plant Biology and Physiology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Yaounde IYaoundeP.O.Box 337Cameroon Department of Plant Science College of AgricultureWolaita Sodo UniversitySodoP.O.Box 138Ethiopia CIRAD UMR AGAP InstitutMontpellierFrance AGAP Institut Univ MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance ChemHouse Research Group MontpellierFrance Centre D’Etudes Regional Pour L’Amelioration de L’Adaptation a La Secheresse(CERAAS/ISRA) Route de KhomboleThiesBP 3320Senegal Dispositif de Recherche et de Formation en Partenariat Innovation et Amelioration Varietale en Afrique de L’Ouest(IAVAO)CERAASRoute de KhomboleThiesBP 3320Senegal CIRAD UMR QUALISUDSaint PierreFrance

Peanut is a worldwide oilseed crop and the need to assess germplasm in a non-destructive manner is important for seed nutritional *** this study,Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIRS)was applied to rapidly assess germplasm variability from whole seed of 699 samples,field-collected and assembled in four genetic and environmentbased sets:one set of 300 varieties of a core-collection and three sets of 133 genotypes of an interspecific population,evaluated in three environments in a large spatial scale of two countries,Mbalmayo and Bafia in Cameroon and Nioro in Senegal,under rainfed *** elemental spectra were gathered on six subsets of seeds of each sample,after three rotation scans,with a spectral resolution of 16 cm-1over the spectral range of867 nm to 2530 *** were then processed by principal component analysis(PCA)coupled with Partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA).As results,a huge variability was found between varieties and genotypes for all NIR wavelength within and between *** magnitude of genetic variation was particularly observed at 11 relevant wavelengths such as 1723 nm,usually related to oil content and fatty acid *** yielded the most chemical attributes in three significant PCs(i.e.,eigenvalues>10),which together captured 93%of the total variation,revealing genetic and environment structure of varieties and genotypes into four clusters,corresponding to the four samples *** pattern of genetic variability of the interspecific population covers,remarkably half of spectrum of the core-collection,turning out to be the ***,a PLS-DA model was developed and a strong accuracy of 99.6%was achieved for the four sets,aiming to classify each seed sample according to environment *** confusion matrix achieved for the two sets of Bafia and Nioro showed 100%of instances classified correctly with 100%at both sensitivity and specificity,confirming that their seed quality was different f

关键词： Groundnut Oilseed Near infrared spectroscopy Germplasm analysis Environment Nutritional Breeding

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Computation of Shock Profiles in Radiative Hydrodynamics

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Communications in Computational Physics 2009年第10期6卷 1118-1136页

作者： jean-francois Coulombel Pauline Lafitte CNRS Laboratoire Paul Painleve and Project Team SIMPAF INRIA FutursUniversite Lille 1Cite Scientifique59655 VILLENEUVE D’ASCQ CedexFrance Laboratoire Paul Painleve and Project Team SIMPAF INRIA Futurs Universite Lille 1Cite Scientifique59655 VILLENEUVE D’ASCQ CedexFrance

This article is devoted to the construction of a numerical scheme to solve the equations of radiative *** use this numerical procedure to compute shock profiles and illustrate some earlier theoretical results about their smoothness and monotonicity *** first consider a scalar toy model,then we extend our analysis to a more realistic system for the radiative hydrodynamics that couples the Euler equations and an elliptic equation.

关键词： Radiative transfer shock profiles Euler equations numerical profiles

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Oil Strategies Benefits over Different Driving Cycles using Numerical Simulation

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Journal of Thermal Science 2017年第4期26卷 371-377页

作者： Hanna SARA David CHALET Mickael CORMERAIS jean-francois HETET Ecole Centrale de Nantes LHEEA lab.(ECN/CNRS)NantesFrance MANN+HUMMEL France LavalFrance

95 g/kin is the allowed quantity of CO2 emission normalized to NEDC to be set in 2020. In addition, NEDC will be replaced by more severe driving cycles and will be united worldwide. To respond to those criteria, automotive industries are working on every possible field. Thermal management has been proved to be effective in reducing fuel consumption. Cold start is a primordial reason of ovcrconsumption, as the engine highest efficiency is at its optimal temperature. At cold start, the engine＇s oil is at its lowest temperature and thus its higher viscosity level. A high viscosity oil generates more friction, which is one of the most important heat losses in the engine. In th/s paper, hot oil storage is studied. Numerical simulations on GT-suite model were done. The model consists of a 4-cylinder turbocharged Diesel engine using a storage volume of 1 liter of hot oil. Ambient temperature vari- ation were taken into consideration as well as different driving cycles. Furthermore, different configurations of the thermal strategy （multifunction oil sump） were proposed and evaluated. Lubricant temperature and viscosity profiles are presented in the article as well as fuel consumption savings for different configurations, driving cycles and ambient temperatures.

关键词： Thermal management Hot oil storage Oil sump Oil viscosity Fuel consumption

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