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Mothers’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding Exclusive Breastfeeding in the Central African Republic

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2025年第1期15卷 74-92页

作者： Hilda Josephe Touadera Mongboa brice Olivier Bogning Mejiozem jean Chrysostome Gody Fondation Tina Touadera Bangui Central African Republic Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pdiatrique de Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Facult des Sciences de la Sant Universit de Bangui Bangui Central African Republic

Introduction: Breastfeeding is the best way to provide ideal nutrition for optimal infant growth and development. Objectives: The aim of our work was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of children aged 0 - 24 months on exclusive breastfeeding in the Central African Republic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted from September 15 to October 15, 2024 among mothers of infants aged 0 to 24 months. Sociodemographic, obstetric and breastfeeding-related data were collected through individual interviews conducted during sensitizations on good feeding practices organized by the Tina Touadera Foundation. The chi2 test was used to test for relationships between variables, and the p significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The average age of the mothers surveyed was 27.67 years. 65.69% (n = 247) of mothers lived in urban areas and 55.85% (n = 210) were Muslim. 56.38% (n = 212) were living common-law and 34.04% (n = 128) were poor. Secondary-school mothers (44.42%, n = 167) and housewives (53.72%, n = 202) were in the majority. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was correctly defined by 79.26% (n = 298) of mothers and actually practised in 24.20% (n = 91) of cases. The main source of information was a health professional in 75.36% (n = 304) of cases. Among the 285 mothers who practised mixed breastfeeding, lack of time (33.33%) was the main reason. They acknowledged having given water (100%), corn porridge (75.09%) and/or artificial milk (24.91%) before the first 6 months of life. The average time for introducing water was 2.2 months, and for porridge/formula 2.79 months. More than half the mothers (55.05%) said they did not know their infants’ weaning age. Factors positively influencing the use of EBF were age under 29, residence in an urban area, primiparity, having been informed about AME by a health professional, and being a housewife or shopkeeper (p Conclusion: Mothers’ level of knowledge was heterogeneous

关键词： EBF Knowledge Attitudes Practices Mothers CAR

Deciphering theαrelaxation and the anelastic-to-plastic transition in the deep glassy state

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第3期68卷 131-138页

作者： Qi Hao Guanghui Xing Eloi Pineda Claudio Fusco Laurent Chazeau jean-Marc Pelletier Yunjiang Wang Yong Yang Jichao Qiao School of Mechanics Civil Engineering and ArchitectureNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China Department of Physics Institute of Energy TechnologiesUniversitat Politècnica de CatalunyaBarcelona08019Spain Univ Lyon INSA LyonUniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSMATEISUMR5510Villeurbanne69621France State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Turbomachinery Power Equipment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China Key Laboratory of Aircraft Structural Integrity Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyXi’an710072China

In contrast to their conventional crystalline counterparts,amorphous solids exhibit diverse dynamic relaxation mechanisms under external *** challenge to understanding their behavior lies in unifying microscopic dynamics,relaxation,and macroscopic *** study establishes a potential link by quantifying the characteristic time of the anelastic-to-plastic transition through dynamic mechanical relaxation and stress relaxation tests across a wide temperature range in both the supercooled liquid and the glassy *** is found that the stress relaxation time in the glassy solids follows an Arrhenius relationship,aligning with the mainαrelaxation time,and unveils a finding:αrelaxation continues to govern deformation even below the glass transition,challenging previous assumptions of the role of secondaryβrelaxation.A hierarchically constrained atomic dynamics model rationalizes the temperature dependence ofαrelaxation and the transition fromβtoαrelaxation,also providing evidence that the stretched exponent in the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts equation can serve as an order *** work highlights the role ofαrelaxation in the glassy state and contributes to elucidating the potential correlation between relaxation and deformation in amorphous materials.

关键词： dynamic relaxation nonelastic deformation metallic glasses aging

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Heat Transfer Model with Two Heat Transfer Coefficients Along a M ultiperforated Plate-Application to Combustion Chamber Wall Cooling

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Journal of Thermal Science 2003年第4期12卷 363-366页

作者： brice Petre Eva Dorignac jean Jacques Vullierme Laboratoire d'Etudes Thermiques U.M.R C.N.R.S 6608-ENSMA BP 40109 86961 Futuroscope Chasseneuil Cedex FRANCELaboratoire d'Etudes Thermiques U.M.R C.N.R.S 6608-ENSMA BP 40109 86961 Futuroscope Chasseneuil Cedex FRANCELaboratoire d'Etudes Thermiques U.M.R C.N.R.S 6608-ENSMA BP 40109 86961 Futuroscope Chasseneuil Cedex FRANCE

Walls' cooling of aeronautic propeller combustion chamber is performed with the injection, through the combustion chamber wall, of a part of the air coming from compressors placed upstream. Measurements of the wall thermal fields are made by infrared thermography along the injection wall. This injection wall is pierced by 9 rows of 8 holes (α=90°) in staggered configuration (p/D=s/D=6). We propose a model using two heat transfer coefficients to represent the convective exchanges. The results are non-dimensioned and presented in comparison with the case without holes. The use of this model allows us to define 4 zones. Those 4 zones exist for the 5 blowing rates.

关键词： multiperforation cooling heat transfer coefficients infrared thermography.

Glycemic Index of Sugars Extracted from Immature Coconut Water: Case of Coconut Palms (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>L.) WAT, MYD and PB121<sup>+</sup>

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2018年第8期6卷 99-110页

作者： Akpro Lathro Anselme Gbogouri Grodji Albarin Konan Konan jean-Louis gbakayoro jean brice Nemlin Gnopo jean Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety UFR-STA University Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Laboratory of Technology and Oil Analyse Research Station Marc Delorme CNRA Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Technological Research Station of Bingerville CNRA Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

In order to do a best stipulation on her consumption, it is necessary to know if a food provoke faintly, fairly or highly the glyceamia. The aim of this work was to evaluate the glycemic index of coconut water sugar from three coconuts varieties. So, with a cohort of 15 people, a capillary blood was collect after sugar ingestion and the glycaemia read directly on a glucometer. The result showed that the brown and white sugar from coconut sugar can be classified as low glycemic index food. Also, the glycemic indexes of white coconut water sugar are 2 to 3 more lower than that the brown sugar. The glycemic indexes of sugars vary according to the variety of coconut used. The sugars of the coconut palm (MYD) are more hyper-glycemic than those of the hybrid (PB121+) which is more hyperglycemic than the sugars of the coconut palm (WAT). Thus, with a controlled consumption, the coconut water sugars could be the sugars that are best for the health of the healthy and diabetic populations because it raises slightly the postprandial glucose.

关键词： Glycemic Index Brown Sugar White Sugar Coconut Water Sugar Glycemic Response

Exploring the links between gallstone disease, non-alcoholic fattyliver disease, and kidney stones: A path to comprehensiveprevention

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第4期31卷 176-178页

作者： jean Demarquoy Universitéde Bourgogne Institut Agro-INRAeDijon 21000France

The recent study exploring the bidirectional associations between gallstone disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and kidney stone disease highlights a critical concern in chronic disease *** the rising global prevalence of these conditions,understanding their interconnections is *** study emphasizes the importance of shared risk factors,such as obesity,type 2 diabetes,dyslipidemia,and oxidative stress,and calls for multidisciplinary screening *** approach would improve patient outcomes and reduce the socio-economic *** the study contributes valuable insights from a Chinese population,further research across diverse populations is necessary to validate and extend these findings ***,the research underscores the need for integrated prevention programs to better manage these interconnected diseases and improve health outcomes.

关键词： Gallstone Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Kidney stone Shared risk factors Obesity Insulin Health

Optimizing the Particle Size of Shale and Laterite Used as Constructed Wetland Substrates for Wastewater Treatment

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2025年第1期17卷 14-34页

作者： Nadège Fatim Traoré jean-Marie Pétémanagnan Ouattara Franck Michaël Zahui Amichalé jean Cyrille Beda Aman Messou Department of Sciences and Environment Management Nangui Abrogoua University Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Agronomic Forestry and Environmental Engineering University of Man Man Cte dIvoire

Constructed Wetlands (CWs) are currently one of the most promising techniques for wastewater treatment, having demonstrated their effectiveness. However, the choice of substrate particle size is critical to the smooth operation of the process, as hydrodynamic constraints require a coarse particle size, whereas wastewater treatment recommends a fine particle size. This study investigates the suitability of laterite and shale as substrates of different sizes (1 - 3, 3 - 5 and 5 - 8 mm) in CWs for domestic wastewater treatment. The study was carried out in an experimental pilot plant consisting of 12 parallelepiped beds (C × C = 0.4 × 0.4 m2;H = 0.6 m) filled from bottom to top with 0.1 m of gravel and 0.4 m of shale or laterite of different grain sizes with two replications. During the six months of operation, plant biomass and stem diameter of Pennisetum purpureum used as vegetation in the CWs were determined. Raw and treated water were also sampled and analyzed for pollutants, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total Kjedahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS), using International Organization for Standardization (ISO) analytical methods. P. purpureum developed much better in the CW beds lined with shale;plant biomass ranged from 13.8 to 14.7 kg/m2 and from 11.2 to 12.5 kg/m2 in the beds lined with shale and laterite, respectively, as did stump diameter, which ranged from 15.5 to 16.1 cm and from 11.10 to 12.7 cm, respectively. However, the highest values for biomass and stump diameter for each material were obtained in the beds lined with 1 - 3 mm geomaterials. Pollutant removal efficiencies were highest in the CWs lined with laterite and shale of 1 - 3 mm grain size (76.9% - 83% COD, 78% - 84.7% BOD5, 55.5% - 72.2% TKN, 58.4% - 72.4% TP, 78.1% - 80.2% TSS), with the highest values recorded in the shale-lined beds. However, the 3 - 5 mm grain size of both materials provided quality filtrates

关键词： Constructed Wetlands Domestic Wastewater Laterite Pennisetum purpureum Shale Substrate Grain Size

Multidisciplinary management of Mirizzi syndrome with cholecystobiliary fistula: the value of minimally invasive endoscopic surgery

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015年第5期14卷 543-547页

作者： Fabien Le Roux Charles Sabbagh brice Robert Thierry Yzet Laurent Dugue jean-Paul Joly jean-Marc Regimbeau Department of Digestive and Oncological Surgery Amiens University Hospital Jules Verne University of Picardie Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Imaging Amiens University Hospital Jules Verne University of Picardie Department of Digestive Surgery Saint-Camille Hospital Department of Hepatogastroenterology Amiens University Hospital Jules Verne University of Picardie

Mirizzi syndrome, a rare complication of gallstones, is defined by obstruction of the main bile duct. This obstruction may worsen and thus result in cholecystobiliary fistula. Surgical management of Mirizzi syndrome is complicated by the presence of inflamed tissue around the hepatic pedicle, making it impossible to distinguish between the main bile duct and the gallbladder. The surgeon＇s first task is to perform subtotal cholecystotomy（from the fundus of the gallbladder to the neck） without trying to locate the cystic duct. In a second step, the gallstones are extracted and the main bile duct is then repaired. In most cases, a T-tube is used to drain the main bile duct, and abdominal drainage is left in place（in case a bile fistula forms）. This study concluded that preoperative drainage of the main bile duct in the treatment of Mirizzi syndrome types II and III is feasible and might help to decrease the postoperative complication rate.

关键词： jaundice Mirizzi syndrome cholecystobiliary fistula endoscopic treatment cholecystectomy T-tube drain

Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Water Requirement and Rice Productivity

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Rice science 2023年第4期30卷 276-293页

作者： Konan jean-Yves N’GUESSAN Botou ADAHI Arthur-brice KONAN-WAIDHET Satoh MASAYOSHI Nogbou Emmanuel ASSIDJO Environmental Training and Research Unit Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and TechnologiesUniversitéJean Lorougnon GuédéBP 150 DaloaCôte d’Ivoire Department of Training and Research of Rural Engineering and Geographic Sciences Institut National Polytechnique FÉLIX HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNYBP 1093 YamoussoukroCôte d’Ivoire University of Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577Japan Department of Training and Research of Chemical and Food Engineering Laboratory of ModellingInformation and ProcessesInstitut National Polytechnique FÉLIX HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNYBP 1093 YamoussoukroCôte d’Ivoire

Assessing the impact of climate change(CC)on agricultural production systems is mainly done using crop models associated with climate model *** review is one of the few,with the main objective of providing a recent compendium of CC impact studies on irrigation needs and rice yields for a better understanding and use of climate and crop *** discuss the strengths and weaknesses of climate impact studies on agricultural production systems,with a particular focus on uncertainty and sensitivity analyses of crop *** the new generation global climate models(GCMs)are more robust than previous ones,there is still a need to consider the effect of climate uncertainty on estimates when using *** GCMs cannot directly simulate the agro-climatic variables of interest for future irrigation assessment,hence the use of intelligent climate ***,sensitivity and uncertainty analyses must be applied to crop models,especially for their calibration under different *** impacts of CC on irrigation needs and rice yields vary across regions,seasons,varieties and crop ***,integrated assessments,the use of remote sensing data,climate smart tools,CO_(2)enrichment experiments,consideration of changing crop management practices and multi-scale crop modeling,seem to be the approaches to be pursued for future climate impact assessments for agricultural systems。

关键词： climate change rice production irrigation crop model climate model

Seasonal influence on miRNA expression dynamics of extracellular vesicles in equine follicular fluid

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 136-152页

作者： jean M.Feugang Ahmed Gad Nico G.Menjivar Ghassan M.Ishak Samuel Gebremedhn Melba O.Gastal Notsile H.Dlamini Radek Prochazka Eduardo L.Gastal Dawit Tesfaye Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762USA Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory(ARBL) Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Department of Animal Production Faculty of AgricultureCairo UniversityGiza 12613Egypt Department of Surgery and Obstetrics College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of BaghdadBaghdad 10011Iraq Animal Science School of Agricultural SciencesSouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIL 62901USA J.R.Simplot Company KunaID 83634USA Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Czech Academy of SciencesLiběchov 27721Czech Republic

Background Ovarian follicular fluid(FF)is a dynamic environment that changes with the seasons,affecting follicle development,ovulation,and oocyte *** in the follicles release tiny particles called extracellular vesicles(EVs)containing vital regulatory molecules,such as microRNAs(miRNAs).These miRNAs are pivotal in facilitating commu-nication within the follicles through diverse signaling and information transfer ***-coupled miRNA signaling is implicated to be associated with ovarian function,follicle and oocyte growth and response to various environmen-tal ***,we investigated how seasonal variations directly influence the ovulatory and anovulatory states of ovarian follicles and how are they associated with follicular fluid EV-coupled miRNA dynamics in *** Ultrasonographic monitoring and follicular fluid aspiration of preovulatory follicles in horses during the ano-vulatory(spring:non-breeding)and ovulatory(spring,summer,and fall:breeding)seasons and subsequent EV isola-tion and miRNA profiling identified significant variation in EV-miRNA cargo *** identified 97 miRNAs with dif-ferential expression among the groups and specific clusters of miRNAs involved in the spring transition(miR-149,-200b,-206,-221,-328,and-615)and peak breeding period(including miR-143,-192,-451,-302b,-100,and let-7c).Bioinformatic analyses showed enrichments in various biological functions,e.g.,transcription factor activity,transcrip-tion and transcription regulation,nucleic acid binding,sequence-specific DNA binding,p53 signaling,and post-trans-lational *** analyses revealed distinct sets of significantly up-and down-regulated miRNAs associ-ated with spring anovulatory(Cluster 1)and summer ovulation–the peak breeding season(Clusters 4 and 6).Conclusions The findings from the current study shed light on the dynamics of FF-EV-coupled miRNAs in relation to equine ovulatory and anovulatory seasons,and their roles in understanding the

关键词： Extracellular vesicle Follicle growth Follicular fluid Horse Mare Ovulation Pre-ovulation Seasonal breeding