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Clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors-where do we stand in 2012?

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第18期18卷 2161-2171页

作者： Michael D Drepper Laurent Spahr jean louis Frossard Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineGeneva University Hospital14 Geneva CH-1211Switzerland

Clopidogrel in association with aspirine is considered state of the art of medical treatment for acute coronary syndrome by reducing the risk of new ischemic *** treatment with proton pump inhibitors in order to prevent gastrointestinal side effects is recommended by clinical *** needs metabolic activation predominantly by the hepatic cytochrome P450 isoenzyme Cytochrome 2C19(CYP2C19) and proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) are extensively metabolized by the CYP2C19 isoenzyme as *** pharmacodynamic studies investigating a potential clopidogrel-PPI interaction found a significant decrease of the clopidogrel platelet antiaggregation effect for omeprazole,but not for *** clinical cohort studies in 2009 reported an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events,when under clopidogrel and PPI treatment at the same *** observations led the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medecines Agency to discourage the combination of clopidogrel and PPI(especially omeprazole) in the same *** contrast,more recent retrospective cohort studies including propensity score matching and the only existing randomized trial have not shown any difference concerning adverse cardiovascular events when concomitantly on clopidogrel and PPI or only on *** meta-analyses report an inverse correlation between clopidogrel-PPI interaction and study quality,with high and moderate quality studies not reporting any association,rising concern about unmeasured confounders biasing the low quality ***,no definite evidence exists for an effect on *** PPI induced risk reduction clearly overweighs the possible adverse cardiovascular risk in patients with high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding,combination of clopidogrel with the less CYP2C19 inhibiting pantoprazole should be recommended.

关键词：质子泵抑制剂氯吡格雷 CYP2C19基因细胞色素P450 心血管疾病急性冠脉综合征代谢活化奥美拉唑

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Seasonal Variations of Solar Wind Parameters during Solar Cycles 23 and 24

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第9期12卷 1527-1546页

作者： Somaïla Koala Yacouba Sawadogo jean louis Zerbo Laboratoire de Matériaux d’Héliophysique et Environnement (La.M.H.E) ED/ST Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (UFR/SEA) Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

In this paper, we analyzed diurnal and annual seasonal variations of solar wind parameters such as interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), proton density (N), solar wind speed (V) and solar wind dynamic pressure (Pdym), during the solar cycles 23 and 24. Our study shows that strong geomagnetic disturbances are observed at the equinoxes during both solar cycles. The highest proton densities are observed at solstices during both solar cycles. The greatest solar wind speeds are observed at the equinoxes of solar cycle 23 and at the solstices of solar cycle 24. The highest solar wind dynamic pressures are observed at the solstices of both solar cycles. We also observed an asymmetrical evolution of the seasonal diurnal values of the solar wind parameters during the two cycles, except for the proton density. Our investigations also highlight the fact that the seasonal diurnal values of the solar wind parameters are significant at solar cycle 23 compared to solar cycle 24 characterized by a global weak in solar plasma conditions since the deep minimum that followed the solar cycle 23 leading to an absence of a persistent polar coronal hole. The drop observed in polar field and solar winds parameters during solar cycle 24 is reproduced on seasons (solstices and equinoxes). The solar cycle 23 and 24 appear to be two magnetically opposite solar cycles regardless the time scales.

关键词： Diurnal Seasonal Solar Winds Parameters Variation Solar Cycle

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High prevalence of cholestasis, with increased conjugated bile acids in inflammatory bowel diseases patients

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第4期6卷 44-53页

作者： Marc Girardin Antoine Hadengue jean-louis Frossard Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Geneva University Hospital

AIM To investigate the prevalence and causes of cholestasis in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases in the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Cohort. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed of all the patients in the Swiss Inflammatory bowel disease Cohort. Total bile acid was measured for all patients and cholestasis was defined as a concentration > 8 μmol/L. The characteristics of patients with or without cholestasis were compared. Bile acid profiles were then determined for 80 patients with high total bile acid and 80 matched patients with low total bile acid. Bile acid profiles were compared for smokers vs nonsmokers, ileal vs colonic disease, and inflammatory vs non inflammatory *** Ninety-six patients had more than 8 μmol/L total bile acid, giving a prevalence of 7.15%. Patients with an obvious cause of cholestasis, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, were then excluded, leaving 1190 participants with total bile acid 8 μmol/L. In multivariate analysis, calcium supplementation was significantly associated with cholestasis(odds ratio, 2.36, 95%CI: 1.00-5.21, P = 0.040) whereas current smoking significantly reduced the risk of cholestasis(odds ratio, 0.42, 95%CI: 0.17-0.91, P = 0.041). Levels of all conjugated bile acids were higher in the cholestasis group than in the control group. When we compared patients with ileal vs colonic disease, the former had higher levels of primary, secondary, and tertiary bile acids whereas patients with colonic disease had higher levels of conjugated bile *** Prevalence of cholestasis is high. Smoking appears to reduce cholestasis. Conjugated bile acids are higher in cholestasis and in colonic disease whereas unconjugated in ileal disease.

关键词： Lipid Liver Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Cholestasis

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Modelling of Electrical Conductivity of a Silver Plasma at Low Temperature

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Plasma Science and Technology 2016年第8期18卷 812-820页

作者： Pascal ANDRE William BUSSIERE Alain COULBOIS jean-louis GELET David ROCHETTE Université Clermont Auvergne LAEPT MERSEN 15 rue Jacques de Vaucanson

During the working of electrical fuses, inside the fuse element the silver ribbon first begins to melt, to vaporize and then a fuse arc appears between the two separated parts of the element. Second, the electrodes are struck and the burn-back phenomenon takes place. Usually, the silver ribbon is enclosed inside a cavity filled with silica sand. During the vaporization of the fuse element, one can consider that the volume is fixed so that the pressure increase appears to reach pressures higher than atmospheric pressure. Thus, in this paper two pressures, 1 atm and 10 atm, are considered. The electrical field inside the plasma can reach high values since the distance between the cathode surface and the anode surface varies with time. That is to say from zero cm to one cm order. So we consider various electrical fields： 102 V/m, 103 V/m, 5×103 V/m, 104 V/m at atmospheric pressure and 105 V/m at a pressure of 10 atm. This study is made in heavy species temperature range from 2,400 K to 10,000 K. To study the plasma created inside the electric fuse, we first need to determine some characteristics in order to justify some hypotheses. That is to say： are the classical approximations of the thermal plasmas physics justified？ In other words： plasma frequency, the ideality of the plasma, the Debye-Hückel approximation and the drift velocity versus thermal velocity. These characteristics and assumptions are discussed and commented on in this paper. Then, an evaluation of non-thermal equilibrium versus considered electrical fields is given. Finally, considering the high mobility of electrons, we evaluate the electrical conductivities.

关键词： electrical conductivity silver fuses non-ideal plasma Debye-Hiickelapproximation drift velocity thermal velocity thermal non-equilibrium electrical fields

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Induction of antiproliferative effect by diosgenin through activation of p53, release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and modulation of caspase-3 activity in different human cancer cells

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Cell Research 2004年第3期14卷 188-196页

作者： Cecile CORBIERE,Bertrand LIAGRE,Faraj TERRO,jean-louis BENEYTOUT Laboratoire de Biochimie UPRES EA 1085 Faculté de Pharmacie rue du Docteur Marcland 87025 Limoges Cedex France Laboratoire de Biochimie UPRES EA 1085 Faculté de Pharmacie rue du Docteur Marcland 87025 Limoges Cedex France Service d'Histologie et Biologic Cellulaire Faculte de Medecine rue du Docteur Marcland 87025 Limoges Cedex France Laboratoire de Biochimie UPRES EA 1085 Faculté de Pharmacie rue du Docteur Marcland 87025 Limoges Cedex France

Previously, we demonstrated that a plant steroid, diosgenin, altered cell cycle distribution and induced apoptosis in the human osteosarcoma 1547 cell line. The objective of this study was to investigate if the antiproliferative effect of diosgenin was similar for different human cancer cell lines such as laryngocarcinoma HEp-2 and melanoma M4Beu cells. Moreover, this work essentially focused on the mitochondrial pathway. We found that diosgenin had an important and similar antiproliferative effect on different types of cancer cells. In addition, our new results show that diosgenin-induced apoptosis is caspase-3 dependent with a fall of mitochondrial membrane potential, nuclear localization of AIF and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Diosgenin treatment also induces p53 activation and cell cycle arrest in the different cell lines studied.

关键词： diosgenin apoptosis p53 AIF caspase cancer cells.

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MULTISCALE HOMOGENIZATION OF NONLINEAR HYPERBOLIC EQUATIONS WITH SEVERAL TIME SCALES

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2011年第3期31卷 843-856页

作者： jean louis Woukeng David Dongo Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science University of Dschang

We study the multiscale homogenization of a nonlinear hyperbolic equation in a periodic *** obtain an accurate homogenization *** also show that as the nonlinear term depends on the microscopic time variable,the global homogenized problem thus obtained is a system consisting of two hyperbolic *** is also shown that in spite of the presence of several time scales,the global homogenized problem is not a reiterated one.

关键词： hyperbolic multiscale nonlinear

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Tips and Techniques in Laparoscopic Surgery 1

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2005年

作者： jean-louis Dulucq

ISBN: (数字)9783540270201

ISBN: (纸本)9783540209027

This comprehensive manual demonstrates basic laparoscopic techniques step-wise, with emphasis on practical details and tips. Every procedure is described in six main steps, richly illustrated with actual operative images and explicit sketches. Special emphasis is given to the right way to perform the techniques and the dangers to be avoided. Reading this book, the laparoscopic surgeon will have a practical and complete overview of the array of procedures.

关键词： Surgery Minimally Invasive Surgery General Surgery Colorectal Surgery Urology

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Representation of A15 composition and T_C in internal-Sn Nb_3Sn superconducting strands

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第11期53卷 3020-3026页

作者： Andre SULPICE jean-louis SOUBEYROUX Christophe VERWAERDE Gia Ky HOANG NEEL/CNRS-UJF ALSTOM 3 bis avenue des 3 Chenes 90018 Belfort France

Four sets of mono-element (ME) and two kinds of multifilament (MF) internal-Sn Nb3Sn superconducting strands were designed and fabricated through RRP method in which different compoment ratios, various composite configurations and some third element alloying were arranged. All the strand samples underwent a 210°C/50 h + 340°C/25 h thermal duration for Cu-Sn alloying. After that A15 phase formation heat treatment (HT) was applied for which the ME samples were chosen at three reaction temperatures of 675°C, 700°C and 725°C for 100 h and 200 h while the MF samples at four temperatures of 650°C, 675°C, 700°C and 725°C for 128 h and 200 h. The heat-treated samples were examined for A15 phase composition distribution by X-ray EDS. SQUID magnetization measurement was used to determine critical temperature TC. The obtained results demonstrate that for fully-reacted internal-Sn Nb3Sn superconductors the A15 phase composition and the intrinsic property TC are determined by the diffusion and solid state reaction mechanism and are independent of the factors including HT temperature, strand composite component and configuration arrangement, and the third element addition within the experimental range.

关键词： internal-Sn Nb3Sn strands A15 phase composition phase formation heat treatment composite configuration and design third element alloying

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Micromorphological description of vernacular cob process and comparison with rammed earth

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2020年第1期9卷 203-215页

作者： Erwan Hamard Cécilia Cammas Blandine Lemercier Bogdan Cazacliu jean-Claude morel IFSTTAR MASTGPEMF-44344BouguenaisFrance INRAP UMR 5140AgroParisTechF-78850Thiverval-GrignonFrance UMR SAS AGROCAMPUS OUESTINRAF-35042RennesFrance Faculty of Engineering Environment and ComputingCentre for the Built and Natural EnvironmentCoventry UniversityCoventryCV15FBUK

Past builders have developed very low-embodied energy construction techniques optimizing the use of local building *** techniques are a source of inspiration for modern sustainable ***,this know-how was orally transmitted and was lost as earth construction fell into disuse during the 20th century in European *** absence of written documents makes necessary to use an archaeological approach in order to rediscover these construction *** analysis of thin sections collacted in earth building walls was used for the first time to describe cob construction technique and highlighted several typical pedofeatures allowing to clearly identifying this ***,a first comparison of the cob and rammed earth micromorphological features permitted to identify two key factors to distinguish these two techniques,the manufacturing state(solid or plastic)and the organization of the material in the wall.

关键词： Cob Rammed earth Micromorphology Architectural heritage Pedology

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Flux pinning effect of cubic equiaxed morphology and its Ti stabilizing in Nb_3Sn superconductors

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第10期52卷 3071-3075页

作者： Andre SULPICE jean-louis SOUBEYROUX Christophe VERWAERDE Gia Ky HOANG NEEL/CNRS-UJF BP 166 38042 Grenoble ALSTOM 3 bis avenue des 3 Chenes 90018 Belfort

Two sets of internal-Sn Nb3Sn superconducting strands were fabricated through RRP method, one with 2 wt% of Ti alloyed in Sn core and the other just pure Sn. Four reaction temperatures of 650℃, 675℃, 700℃ and 725℃ and 128 h duration were applied for A15 phase formation heat treatment after Cu-Sn alloying procedure of 210℃/50 h + 340℃/25 h. For the heat-treated coil samples, transport non-Cu JC was examined through standard 4-probe technique and phase microstructure was observed by means of Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscope (FESEM). The obtained results demonstrate that the transport critical current density JC of Nb3Sn superconductors is more importantly determined by the cubic equiaxed crystalline morphology than by grain size. Ti addition in Sn stabilizes the cubic equiaxed phase at lower temperature so that heat reaction temperature is effectively reduced, the flux pinning performance is largely reinforced and the transport critical current density JC is substantially promoted.

关键词： internal-Sn Nb3Sn strands cubic equiaxed morphology flux pinning Ti stabilizing transport non-Cu JC

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