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Sexual Behaviour of Congolese Teenagers

Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第4期11卷 656-668页

作者： Lucie Charlotte Ollandzobo Ikobo Steve Vassili Missambou Mandilou Messie Josias Matsielo Lynda Tchidjo Ngamo Evrard Romaric Nika jean robert mabiala babela Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo Service de pédiatrie nourrisson CHU de Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Introduction: Sexual risk behaviour among adolescents is a public health problem worldwide. Widely studied in the Western countries, this problem has only been addressed partially in Brazzaville. Thus, 12 years later, we conducted this study with the aim of analysing the sexual behaviour of adolescents in Congo. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and analytical study from January to August 2019 (8 months). It involved 2000 adolescents residing in the departments of Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire constituting the urban population, and those of Cuvette and Bouenza, the rural population. Results: A total of 1167 adolescents reported being sexually active. The mean age at first sexual intercourse differed between the two sexes (p 0.0005). Of the adolescents surveyed 96.1% (n = 1122) claimed to have ever heard of HIV/AIDS infection and 8.7% (n = 101) to have ever contracted sexually transmitted infections. The main channel of information was school in 57.7%. Condoms were the only means of protection (85.5%). The factors associated with risky sexual behaviour were, on the one hand, those related to the adolescent (lack of schooling, orphan status, alcohol and tobacco consumption, paid employment and possession of a mobile phone). On the other hand, those related to parents (low level of education, mother’s employment status and single-parent household structure). The frequency of sexually active adolescents was similar in both settings (p < 0.05). The rates of adolescents having ever heard of HIV/AIDS were almost similar with a slight predomin

关键词： Adolescent Risky Sexual Behaviour Congo

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Recovery Capacity, Haemodynamic and Blood Lactate Changes during Training and Competition in Elite Congolese Karate Athletes

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2020年第5期10卷 257-273页

作者： jean Georges André Moulongo jean Martin Moussoki Elvina Lys Surêche Massamba Fêtra Nella Massala Kitanga Bernard Packa Tchissambou jean robert mabiala babela Alphonse Massamba Laboratory of Sport Biosciences and Combat Sports Research Unit Higher Institute of Physical Education and Sports Marien NGOUABI University Brazzaville Congo Laboratory “Health and Adapted Physical Activities” Higher Institute of Physical Education and Sports Marien NGOUABI University Brazzaville Congo Pediatrics Department Brazzaville University Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences Marien NGOUABI University Brazzaville Congo

Background: Rare are the studies which treated the effect of training and successive fights of karate on haemodynamic and blood lactate concentrations responses. Objectives: To evaluate and analyze the aerobic capacity of elite Congolese karate athletes, as well as their haemodynamic and blood lactate concentrations responses changes during Ruffier test and stimulated competition. Methods: Twelve karate athletes (6 seniors and 6 juniors) took part in the study. These karate athletes were selected within the national karate teams (senior and junior) of Congo-Brazzaville. Anthropometric, bioenergetic and haemodynamic (HR, SBP, DBP) parameters and blood lactate [La] concentrations were measured at rest, immediately after the end of Ruffier test and each fight (n = 3). Results: Peak aerobic power (PAP) and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) values averaged 437 ± 23 watts and 57.61 ± 2.2 ml/kg/mn, values varying as function as age division (senior vs junior). The recovery index was 5.4 ± 3.4 for juniors and 6.8 ± 3.2 for seniors. SBP, HR and [La] concentrations increased significantly during fights, compared to the resting values. HRmax was 182.3 ± 1.6 bpm (89% theoretical HRmax) for seniors and 182.0 ± 13.5 bpm (86% theoretical HRmax) for juniors. Peak [La] concentrations were 10.3 ± 1.5 mmol/l for seniors and 10.8 ± 1.2 mmol/l for juniors. Conclusion: Congolese karate athletes call upon high levels of the anaerobic and aerobic capacities. The karate training program in Congo should emphasize more gold improvising lower body anaerobic power and endurance.

关键词： Karate Peak Aerobic Power Maximum Oxygen Uptake Heart Rate Blood Lactate

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Iron Metabolism Abnormalities in Children with Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease in Brazzaville

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第3期13卷 394-407页

作者： Lucie Charlotte Ollandzobo Ikobo Hardy Maryse Ibovi Gataud Steve Vassili Missambou Mandilou Olivia Firmine Galiba Atipo-Tsiba Rolf Iwandza jean robert mabiala babela Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Department of Infant Pediatrics CHU of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Department of Clinical Haematology CHU Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Antoinette-Sassou-Nguesso National Reference Centre for Sickle Cell Disease in Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Introduction: Sickle cell disease is the most common genetic disease in the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. It is a protean condition with multiple complications including disturbed iron metabolism. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of iron metabolism abnormalities in children with homozygous sickle cell disease, to describe the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of children with these abnormalities and to identify associated factors. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted over 9 months in the mother-child consultation unit of the Brazzaville University Hospital, the National Reference Centre for Sickle Cell Disease and the paediatric department of the Blanche Gomes mother-child hospital. It concerned children aged between 3 months and 15 years followed up for homozygous sickle cell disease. The study was based on a haemogram, iron metabolism test, LDH, transaminases and CRP. Results: The overall prevalence of iron metabolism abnomalities was 40.7%. Of the 145 children included, 35.9% had iron overload and 4.8% iron deficiency. Iron overload was associated with infections, undernutrition, iron supplementation and number of blood transfusions. Iron deficiency was not significantly associated with any factor but recurrent infections were relatively more frequent. Conclusion: Abnormalities of iron metabolism in sickle cell patients are relatively frequent, which justifies monitoring during follow-up for early detection and better management. .

关键词： Anomalies Metabolism Iron Child Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease Brazzaville

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Ingestion of Caustics by Children in Brazzaville (CONGO)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第3期8卷 283-291页

作者： Lucie Charlotte Atipo-Ibara Ikobo Ollandzobo Clausina Ahoui-Apendi Jile Florient Mimiesse-Monamou jean robert mabiala babela Deby-Gassaye Blaise Irénée Atipo Ibara jean-Rosaire Ibara Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Infant Pediatric Service University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine Service University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Ingestion of caustics by children is serious because of the increase in their frequency and the difficulties due to their management. Objective: To improve the management of caustic lesions in Pediatric Department at the University Hospital of Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: Prospective study was conducted from January 2014 to December 2015 in the Pediatric Departments of the UHB and centers of digestive endoscopy in Brazzaville. All children who ingested a caustic product and hospitalized were included after obtaining parental’s consent. The studied parameters were: Age, sex, nature and quantity of the caustic, the family’s attitude, clinical signs, endoscopic results according to Zagar’s classification, therapeutic modalities and evolution. Results: 8292 children were hospitalized and 68 because of the ingestion of caustic, a frequency of 0.8%. The average age was 23.6 months [2 months - 16 years]. The male sex was predominant (57.4%). Ingestion was accidental in 88.2% and voluntary in 11.8%. Factors favoring ingestion were storage methods (81.5%) and parental’s inattention or negligence (10.8%). Bleach was the most incriminated caustic (54.4%) followed by caustic soda (29.4%). The estimated quantity ingested was assumed to be minimal in 61.7%. Unsuitable acts were practiced by the family before the medical consultation in 66.1%. The dominant symptoms were digestive (47%) and neurological (25%). The average time to perform endoscopy was 48 hours in 88.2%. Endoscopy revealed lesions in 51.7%, the different stages were I (12 cases), II (16 cases) and III (3 cases). The mains factors of gravity were inappropriate gestures (85%) and the non-respect of the fasting (9%). Proton pump inhibitors were used in 50%. The evolution was favorable for in 73.5%. Conclusion: Ingestion of caustics by children is most often accidental favored by the inadequate packaging and storage. Prevention is about educating people in order to reduce their frequency.

关键词： Caustic Lesions Child Brazzaville

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Proteinuria in Children Living with HIV on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (Haart)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第2期10卷 255-262页

作者： Lucie Charlotte Ollandzobo Ikobo Roland Bienvenu Ossibi Ibara Neli Yvette Ngakengni Laren Babomi Gaston Ekouya Bowassa Linda Tchidjo Ngamo Steve Vassili Missambou Mandilou Sabrina Nadia Bouithy Evrard Romaric Nika jean robert mabiala babela Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of Congo Pediatric Services Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Republic of Congo Infectious Diseases Service Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Republic of Congo Department of Neonatology Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Republic of Congo Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Talangai Hospital Brazzaville Republic of Congo

Objective: To determine the prevalence of proteinuria in children living with HIV (CLHIV) and identify associated factors. Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study carried out from April to August 2017 in the HIV care centres in Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire. The study included CLHIV with dipstick urinalysis test “Combur10 Test® M”. Results: Thirty seven CLHIV on HAART presented a proteinuria, 21.8%. Children were male gender in 21 cases (56.8%) and female gender in 16 cases (43.2%). Mean age was 10.9 ± 3.9 years. The children were infected with type 1 virus in 35 cases (94.6%), vertical transmission in all the cases (100%). Children were living with HIV for about 2 to 4 years of average n = 18 (48.6%) and they were WHO clinical stage 2 in 18 cases (48.6%). 13 children (35%) had CD4 level 3. All CLHIV (100%) were on HAART thus 20 (37.7%) on the combination of zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC) and nevirapine (NVP). This combination AZT, 3TC, NVP was a protective factor regarding the occurrence of proteinuria (OR: 0.43;IC (95%). Conclusion: Proteinuria

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Characteristics of Deaths of Children in the Pediatrics Department of Hôpital Spécialisé Mère-Enfant Blanche Gomes (Republic of the Congo) from 2019 to 2021

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第4期13卷 581-593页

作者： Pascal Diogène Bingui Outman Nelly Sandrine Guembo Pandzou Rolyne Vanissia Madzou Nganie Verlem Bomelefa-Bomel Benoite Diatewa Kadidja Grace Nkounkou Milandou jean Brice Mouendenguia Luopou Lamah Audrey Niangui-Bakala Dorthéa Banga Massalat Rel Gérald Boukaka Kala jean robert mabiala babela Pediatrics Department H&#244pital Spécialisé Mère-Enfant Blanche Gomes (HSMEBG) Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Neonatology Department H&#244pital Spécialisé Mère-Enfant Blanche Gomes Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Pediatric Surgery Department H&#244pital Spécialisé Mère-Enfant Blanche Gomes Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Pediatrics Department University Hospital Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

Introduction: The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to decrease the global maternal mortality ratio to below 70 per 100,000 live births and eliminate preventable deaths of newborns and children under the age of five in all countries by 2030. The pediatric department at Spécialisé Mère-Enfant Blanche Gomes Hospital (HSMEBG) is divided into two sectors, one catering to children aged one month to four years and the other dedicated to children aged five to 17 years. According to department records, over the past three years, there has been an average of 1050 hospitalizations per year, with an average duration of five days. Objectives: This study aims to describe the socio-demographic characteristics of children who died while in the pediatrics department of the HSMEBG and analyze the factors associated with their deaths. Methodology: A retrospective analytical cross-sectional study was conducted, collecting data over a three-year period, covering the years 2019, 2020 and 2021. Data were collected from medical records of deceased children using Excel software version 2016, and statistical calculations and logistic regression were performed using Epi info software version 7.***.5.0. Results: During the three years of operation, the pediatric department at HSMEBG recorded 3060 new admissions, of which 271 resulted in death, representing an overall frequency of 8.8%. December and January had the highest mortality rates, accounting for 15.5% and 12.5%, respectively. Out of the 271 recorded deaths, 143 (52.77%) occurred in children under the age of one, and 230 (84.87%) occurred in children under the age of five. The average age at death was 2.4 years, ranging from one month to 17 years. The sex ratio was 1. More than half of the deaths (51.66%) occurred during the night, and 165 (60.89%) sought medical help more than three days after the onset of symptoms. Weekend deaths accounted for nearly half (45.7%) of the cases. Upon admission, slightly over half of

关键词： Death Children Associated Factors Brazzaville

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Biological Markers of Undernutrition and Risk of Complications in Children Hospitalized at the Teaching Hospital of Brazzaville

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第2期10卷 1-9页

作者： Christel Mikolélé-Bilombo Lucie Charlotte Atipo-Ibara Ollandzobo Steve Vassili Missambou Mandilou Thibaut Ocko Gokaba Lethso Clausina Mikolélé-Bilomb Ahoui Josué Simo Louokdom Martial Landry Miguel Etienne Mokondjimobe Donatien Moukassa jean robert mabiala-babela Ange Antoine Abena jean-Rosaire Ibara Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Department of Pediatrics Teaching Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Cameroon Mountain University Douala Cameroon Denis Sassou Nguesso University Brazzaville Congo

Introduction: Undernutrition is a condition frequently encountered in pediatrics. It leads to an increased morbidity and mortality regardless of the underlying condition or other risk factors such as age. In countries with limited resources such as ours, the diagnosis of undernutrition is often limited to the clinical presentation, and the contribution of biology is not often taken into account. Objectives: To establish the relationship between anthropometric parameters and biological markers in the diagnosis and classification of undernutrition and to assess the risk of infectious complications during undernutrition in children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in Brazzaville among undernourished children aged 1 - 59 months between October 2018 and April 2019. Clinical diagnosis was based on WHO growth charts. The CRP, orosomucoid, albumin and transthyretin were obtained using the Cobas c311 analyzer, which enabled the calculation of Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index (PINI). The comparison of the means of the biological markers used the Student’s t-test, the risk of infectious complications the chi-square. The correlation of the diagnostic value of Z-score weight/height and PINI was also investigated. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Of the 95 children enrolled 63 (66.3%) were clinically severely malnourished, including 26 acute (41.3%) and 37 chronic (58.7%). The PINI revealed severe undernutrition in 85 children (89.4%) including 50 acute (58.8%) and 35 chronic (41.2%). CRP and orosomucoid were statistically higher in severe acute undernutrition (p Conclusion: Anthropometric parameters have a front-line advantage for assessing and classifying undernutrition. However, biological markers of undernutrition with PINI should be systematized in the diagnosis and management of undernutrition.

关键词： Undernutrition Nutritional Marker Inflammatory Marker PINI Child Congo

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Epileptic Seizures in Neonates Treated with Hypothermia for Hypoxo-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Brazzaville, Congo: Types and Evolution

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2023年第4期14卷 63-75页

作者： Josué Euberma Diatewa Dinah Happhia Boubayi Motoula-Latou Benoîte Gracia Diatewa Gabrielle Ontsira Grâce Kadidja Cléona Nkounkou-Milandou Eliot Prince Galiéni Sounga-Banzouzi Ghislain Armel Mpandzou jean robert mabiala-babela Paul Macaire Ossou-Nguiet Neurology Department University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Neonatology Department Blanche Gomez Mother and Child Hospital Brazzaville Republic of Congo Neonatology Department University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of Congo Neurology Department Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Republic of Congo

Background: Moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates is often treated with hypothermia. However, some neonates may experience epileptic seizures during therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Data on the electrophysiologic and evolutionary aspects of these seizures are scarce in African countries. Objectives: To determine the types of epileptic seizures caused by HIE in neonates in Brazzaville;to describe the evolution of background EEG activities during TH and rewarming;to report the evolution of epileptic seizures. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted from January 2020 to July 2022. It took place in Brazzaville in the Neonatology Department of the Blanche Gomez Mother and Child Hospital. It focused on term neonates suffering from moderate or severe HIE. They were treated with hypothermia combined with phenobarbital for 72 hours. Results: Among 36 neonates meeting inclusion criteria, there were 18 boys and 18 girls. Thirty-one (86.1%) neonates had grade 2 and 5 (13.9%) grade 3 HIE. In our neonates, HIE had induced isolated electrographic seizures (n = 11;30.6%), electroclinical seizures (n = 25;69.4%), and 6 types of background EEG activity. During TH and rewarming, there were 52.8% of patients with improved background EEG activity, 41.7% of patients with unchanged background EEG activity, and 5.5% of patients with worsened background EEG activity. At the end of rewarming, only 9 (25%) patients still had seizures. Conclusion: Isolated electrographic and electroclinical seizures are the only pathological entities found in our studied population. In neonates with moderate HIE, the applied therapeutic strategy positively influences the evolution of both seizures and background EEG activity. On the other hand, in neonates with severe HIE, the same therapeutic strategy is ineffective. .

关键词： Epileptic Seizures Neonate Hypoxo-Ischemic Encephalopathy Therapeutic Hypothermia Antiepileptic Drugs Brazzaville

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Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Body Composition and Fitness Performance among Football Players in Negro African Environment

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Health 2022年第4期14卷 456-475页

作者： Moulongo jean Georges André Makosso Vheiye Georges Loubelo Prosper Mouanda Konde Dorel Massamba Miabaou Didace mabiala babela jean robert Massamba Alphonse Sport Biosciences Laboratory Higher Institute of Physical and Sports Education Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Nutrition and Motor Performance Laboratory Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education Lille 2 University Lille France Department of Digestive Surgery University Hospital Center Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Department of Pediatrics University Hospital Center Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo

Context and Objective: The nutritional and sports dimension of the lockdown implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic is unexplored in the African environment. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on body composition and fitness performance in Congolese football players. Methods: This was an observational study carried out in Brazzaville between February 9 and October 30, 2020. It included 16 male players among Congolese senior national team and 11 male football players of first division Brazzaville clubs. Two types of measurements were carried out: anthropometric measures (height, body mass, total fat percent, lean body mass);physical capacities [30 m sprint, repeated sprint, aerobic endurance (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test), vertical jump (Squat Jump test, Countermovement test)]. The measurements were realized at 4 times: before lockdown (month of february, T0), 1st week of june (T1), 1st week of september (T2), 1st week of october (T3). Data were compared using Student t test, Sokal S test, Anova, Newman-Keuls test (multiple contrasts) and correlation analysis. Results: A significant increase in body mass (p Conclusion: The present data suggest that COVID-19 lockdown promotes weight gain and decreased physical ability in football players.

关键词： COVID-19 Lockdown Football Body Composition Physical Capacities Congo-Brazzaville

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Subdifferentials of Distance Functions,Approximations and Enlargements

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2007年第3期23卷 507-520页

作者： jean-Paul PENOT robert RATSIMAHALO Department of Mathematics Faculty of Sciencesav.de l'Université BP 115564013 PA U CédexFrance Business Unit:Bank and Financials SODIFRANCE104 rue Castagnary75015 ParisFrance

In this work, we study some subdifferentials of the distance function to a nonempty nonconvex closed subset of a general Banach space. We relate them to the normal cone of the enlargements of the set which can be cons... 详细信息

关键词： Distance function Normal cone Regularization Subdifferential

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