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Changes in smoking patterns after HIV diagnosis or antiretroviral treatment initiation: a global systematic review and meta-analysis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第2期9卷 14-22页

作者： Jobert Richie Nansseu Dalhia Noelle Tounouga jean Jacques Noubiap jean joel bigna Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of YaoundéIYaoundéCameroon Department for the Control of Disease Epidemics and PandemicsMinistry of Public HealthYaoundéCameroon Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideAustralia Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Centre Pasteur of CameroonPO Box 1274YaoundéCameroon School of Public Health Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Paris Sud XILe Kremlin BicêtreFrance

Background:Tobacco consumption is more life-threatening in people living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)than within the general population;therefore,people living with HIV(PLWH)should be highly motivated to take action towards quitting smoking at or after HIV diagnosis.The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to investigate changes in smoking habits among PLWH over time.Main text:We considered prospective and retrospective cohort studies including PLWH aged 15 years and above,which have measured the prevalence of tobacco smoking(current,former or never)at study initiation and completion,and published between January 1,2000 and April 15,2018 without language or geographical restriction.We searched PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,Africa Journal Online,and Global Index Medicus.We used a random-effects model to pool data.Nine studies were included.The proportion of current and former smokers decreased slightly over time,around 2.5 and 3.8%,respectively.However,the proportion of never smokers decreased sharply by 22.5%,and there were 2.1 and 1.5%PLWH who shifted from never and former smoking to current smoking,respectively.On the other hand,10.5%PLWH shifted from current to former smoking,7.1%tried to quit tobacco consumption but failed,and 10.1%stayed in the"never smoking"category over time.Conclusions:PLWH seem not to change positively their smoking habits towards quitting tobacco consumption.There is urgent need to increase actions aimed at helping this vulnerable population to quit tobacco consumption,including individually tailored therapeutic education,psychosocial and pharmacologic supports.

关键词： Smoking HIV AIDS Tobacco Global health

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Sustaining the community dispensation strategy of HIV antiretroviral through community participation

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第1期8卷 69-74页

作者： Bibiane Siaheu Kameni Jobert Richie Nansseu Sandra Ayuk Tatah jean joel bigna HIV day care Unit Ngaoundere Regional Hospital and Adamawa Regional Technical Group for the fight against HIV/AIDSNgaoundereCameroon Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaounde IYaoundeCameroon Department for the Control of Disease Epidemics and PandemicsMinistry of Public HealthYaoundeCameroon Department of Pediatrics Douala Laquintinie HospitalDoualaCameroon Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Centre Pasteur of CameroonRue Henry DunantP.O1274 YaoundeCameroon School of Public Health Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Paris Sud XILe Kremlin BicetreFrance

Background:The advent and widespread use of antiretroviral therapy(ART)has remarkably changed the paradigm of HIV infection,increasing substantially the lifespan and quality of life of people affected.Accordingly and responding to policy makers and international directives,many strategies were put in place in Cameroon to accelerate ART uptake,including the community dispensation of ART through community-based organizations(CBOs).Main body:In its strategic plan to curb the burden of HIV/AIDS and as part of accelerating and reinforcing the provision of ART to all people living with HIV(PLWH),Cameroon opted for different strategies including the dispensation of ART in the community through well identified and tutored CBOs.Actually,financing of ART in Cameroon is mainly the conjugation of resources from the Government and its technical and financial partners,basically the Global Funds supplemented by supports from the Unitaid initiative which allows PLWH residing in Cameroon to benefit from continuous ART without spending a dime.However,this external funding will end-up by 2020.Therefore,there is urgent need to think of alternative and efficient strategies to sustain the fight against HIV/AIDS in Cameroon,especially the provision of ART to patients through community dispensation.Some studies carried out in sub-Saharan African countries have shown that mutual health insurance seems to be a solution with great potential to improve access to quality care,mobilize the necessary funds,improve efficiency of the health sector,and promote dialogue and democratic governance in the health sector along with social and institutional development of the society.Conclusions:The pooling of associations of PLWH in Cameroon and other countries of sub-Saharan Africa in line with the Bamako Initiative constitutes a promising strategy that would undoubtedly help to offset the withdrawal of funding from external sources,and allow an appropriation of the fight against HIV/AIDS by those concerned at the first place.Nevertheless,other lines

关键词： HIV/AIDS Community dispensation Sustainability Mutual Cameroon

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Global burden of active smoking among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第1期10卷 97-97页

作者： Boni Maxime Ale Franck Amahowe Motto Malea Nganda Celestin Danwang Nelly Njeri Wakaba Ateeq Almuwallad Franck Biaou Guy Ale Alamou Sanoussi Suleiman Hudu Abdullahi jean joel bigna Holo Healthcare Limited NairobiKenya 不详

Background:Although the high burden of both active smoking and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)is clearly know n,the relati on ship between them is still not well characterized.Therefore,we estimated the global prevale nee of active smoking in people living with HIV(PLHIV)on antiretroviral therapy(ART)and investigated the association between exposure to active smoking and risk for suboptimal adherence to ART.Main text:We searched PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science to identify articles published until September 19,2019.Eligible studies reported the prevalence of active smoking in PLHIV on ART or investigated the association between active smoking and ART adherence;or enough data to compute these estimates.

关键词： Tobacco Smoking HIV AIDS Antiretroviral therapy Global health

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Gender development and hepatitis B and C infections among pregnant women in Africa:a systematic review and metaanalysis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第2期8卷 91-91页

作者： jean joel bigna Angeladine M.Kenne Aghiles Hamroun Marie S.Ndangang Audrey Joyce Foka Dahlia Noelle Tounouga Remi Lenain Marie A.Amougou Jobert Richie Nansseu Department of Epidemiology ard mipignininyahoo Centre Pasteur of Cameroon P.O.Box 1274YaoundeCameroon Faculty of Medicine University of Paris SudLe Kremlin-BicetreFrance Full list of author information is available at the end of the article 不详

Background:Although Africa is a region of hyper endemicity to viral hepatitis B(HBV)and C(HCV)infections,there is limited data on their related burden among pregnant women.The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the magnitude of these infections among pregnant women living in Africa and investigate its association with gender-related human development indicators.Main text:We searched PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Africa Journal Online,and Global Index Medicus,with no language restriction,to identify observational studies on HBV and HCV infections in pregnant women residing in Africa published from January 1,2000 until December 31;2017.Eligible studies reported the prevalence of HBV and/or HCV infection(s)(HBs antigen and HCV antibodies)and/or infectivity(HBe antigen or detectable HCV viral load).Each study was independently reviewed for methodological quality.We used a random-effects model metaanalysis to pool studies.In total,145 studies(258251 participants,30 countries)were included,of which 120(82.8%)had a low,24(16.5%)a moderate,and one(0.7%)had a high risk of bias.The prevalence of HBV and HG/infections was 6.8%(95%confidence interval[CI]:6.1-7.6,113 studies)and 3.4%(95%CI:2.6-A.2,58 studies),respectively.The prevalence of HBe antigen and HCV detectable viral load was 18.9%(95%CI:14.4-23.9)and 62.3%(95%CI:51.6-72.5)in HBV positive and HCV positive pregnant women,respectively.The multivariable meta-regression analysis showed that the prevalence of HBV infection increased with decreasing gender development index,males,level of education and females'expected years of schooling.Furthermore,this prevalence was higher in rural areas and in western and central Africa.The prevalence of HCV infection increased with decreasing proportion of seats held by women in parliament.Conclusions:To address the burden of HBV and HCV infections,beyond well-known risk factors at the individual-level,macro-level factors including gender-related human development indicators and dwelling in rural areas shoul

关键词： Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Development Africa Gender Pregnant Women health

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Factors associated with non-adherence to scheduled medical follow-up appointments among Cameroonian children requiring HIV care: a case-control analysis of the usual-care group in the MORE CARE trial

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 415-422,414页

作者： jean joel R bigna jean Jacques N Noubiap Claudia S Plottel Charles Kouanfack Sinata Koulla-Shiro Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé1P.O.Box 1364YaoundéCameroon Faculty of Medicine University of Montpellier 1MontpellierFrance Preventing Mother to Child Transmission Unit Goulfey District HospitalGoulfeyCameroon Internal Medicine Unit Edéa Regional HospitalEdéaCameroon Department of Medicine New York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUSA Accredited Treatment Centre Yaoundé Central HospitalYaoundéCameroon Infectious Diseases Unit Yaoundé Central HospitalYaoundéCameroon

Background:A better understanding of why HIV-exposed/infected children fail to attend their scheduled follow-up medical appointments for HIV-related care would allow for interventions to enhance the delivery of care.The aim of this study was to determine characteristics of the caregiver-child dyad(CCD)associated with children’s non-adherence to scheduled follow-up medical appointments in HIV programs in Cameroon.Methods:We conducted a case-control analysis of the usual-care group of CCDs from the MORE CARE trial,in which the effect of mobile phone reminders for HIV-exposed/infected children in attending follow-up appointments was assessed from January to March 2013.For this study,the absence of a child at their appointment was considered a case and the presence of a child at their appointment was defined as a control.We used three multivariate binary logistic regression analyses.The best-fit model was the one which had the smallest chi-square value with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test(HLχ^(2)).Magnitudes of associations were expressed by odds ratio(OR),with a p-value<0.05 considered as statistically significant.Results:We included 30 cases and 31 controls.Our best-fit model which considered the sex of the adults and children separately(HLχ^(2)=3.5)showed that missing scheduled medical appointments was associated with:lack of formal education of the caregiver(OR 29.1,95%CI 1.1-777.0;p=0.044),prolonged time to the next appointment/follow-up(OR[1 week increase]1.4,95%CI 1.03-2.0;p=0.032),and being a female child(OR 5.2,95%CI 1.2-23.1;p=0.032).One model(HLχ^(2)=10.5)revealed that woman-boy pairs adhered less to medical appointments compared to woman-girl pairs(OR 4.9,95%CI 1.05-22.9;p=0.044).Another model(HLχ^(2)=11.1)revealed that man-boy pairs were more likely to attend appointments compared to woman-girl pairs(OR 0.23,95%CI 0.06-0.93;p=0.039).There were no statistical associations for the ages of the children or the caregivers,the study sites,or the HIV status(confirmed vs.suspected)of the children.Conclusion:The profile

关键词： MORE CARE Lost to follow-up(LTFU) Appointment Adherence Children Cameroon HIV AIDS Preventing mother-to-child transmission(PMTCT) Missed scheduled medical appointment

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Antiretroviral therapy related adverse effects:Can sub-Saharan Africa cope with the new“test and treat”policy of the World Health Organization?

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 212-216页

作者： Jobert Richie N.Nansseu jean joel R.bigna Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of YaoundeIPO Box 1364YaoundeCameroon Sickle Cell Disease Unit Mother and Child Centre of the Chantal Biya FoundationYaoundeCameroon Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Centre Pasteur of CameroonYaoundeCameroon Faculty of Medicine University of Paris Sud XILe Kremlin BicêtreParisFrance

Background:Recent studies have shown that early antiretroviral therapy(ART)initiation results in significant HIV transmission reduction.This is the rationale behind the“test and treat”policy of the World Health Organization(WHO).Implementation of this policy will lead to an increased incidence of ART-related adverse effects,especially in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA).Is the region yet ready to cope with such a challenging issue?Main body:The introduction and widespread use of ART have drastically changed the natural history of HIV/AIDS,but exposure to ART leads to serious medication-related adverse effects mainly explained by mitochondrial toxicities,and the situation will get worse in the near future.Indeed,ART is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease,lipodystrophy,prediabetes and overt diabetes,insulin resistance and hyperlactatemia/lactic acidosis.The prevalence of these disorders is already high in SSA,and the situation will be exacerbated by the implementation of the new WHO recommendations.Most SSA countries are characterized by(extreme)poverty,very weak health systems,inadequate and low quality of health services,inaccessibility to existing health facilities,lack of(qualified)health personnel,lack of adequate equipment,inaccessibility and unaffordability of medicines,and heavy workload in a context of a double burden of disease.Additionally,there is dearth of data on the incidence and predictive factors of ART-related adverse effects in SSA,to anticipate on strategies that should be put in place to prevent the occurrence of these conditions or properly estimate the upcoming burden and prepare an adequate response plan.These are required if we are to anticipate and effectively prevent this upcoming burden.Conclusion:While SSA would be the first region to experience the huge benefits of implementing the“test and treat”policy of the WHO,the region is not yet prepared to manage the consequential increased burden of ART-related toxic and metabolic complications.Urgent measures should

关键词： HIV/AIDS Test and treat 90-90-90 Antiretroviral therapy Sub-Saharan Africa

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Global prevalence of hepatitis B virus serological markers among healthcare workers:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第9期13卷 1190-1202页

作者： Gadji Mahamat Sebastien Kenmoe Etheline W Akazong jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo Donatien Serge Mbaga Arnol Bowo-Ngandji Joseph Rodrigue Foe-Essomba Marie Amougou-Atsama Chavely Gwladys Monamele Chris Andre Mbongue Mikangue Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse jeannette Nina Magoudjou-Pekam Cromwel Zemnou-Tepap Dowbiss Meta-Djomsi Martin Maidadi-Foudi Sabine Aimee Touangnou-Chamda Audrey Gaelle Daha-Tchoffo Abdel Aziz Selly-Ngaloumo Rachel Audrey Nayang-Mundo Jacqueline Felicite Yengue jean Bosco Taya-Fokou Lorraine K M Fokou Raoul Kenfack-Momo Dimitri Tchami Ngongang Efietngab Atembeh Noura Herve Raoul Tazokong Cynthia Paola Demeni Emoh Cyprien Kengne-Nde jean joel bigna Onana Boyomo Richard Njouom Department of Microbiology The University of Yaounde IYaounde 00237Cameroon Department Centre Pasteur of CameroonYaounde 00237Cameroon Department of Biochemistry University of DschangDschang 00237Cameroon Medical Research Centre Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants StudiesYaounde 00237Cameroon Department of Mycobacteriology Centre Pasteur of CameroonYaounde 00237Cameroon Centre de Recherche sur les Maladies Emergentes et Re-Emergentes Institut de Recherches Medicales et d'Etudes des Plantes MedicinalesYaounde 00237Cameroon Department of Biochemistry The University of Yaounde IYaounde 00237Cameroon Department of Medical Biochemistry The University of Yaounde IYaounde 00237Cameroon Department of Microbiology Protestant University of Central AfricaYaounde 00237Cameroon Department of Animals Biology and Physiology The University of Yaounde IYaounde 00237Cameroon Evaluation and Research Unit National AIDS Control CommitteeYaounde 00237Cameroon Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Centre Pasteur of CameroonYaounde 00237Cameroon

BACKGROUND The hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a global public health concern that affects about 2 billion people and causes 1 million people deaths yearly.HBV is a bloodborne disease and healthcare workers(HCWs)are a high-risk group because of occupational hazard to patients’blood.Different regions of the world show a highly variable proportion of HCWs infected and/or immunized against HBV.Global data on serologic markers of HBV infection and immunization in HCWs are very important to improve strategies for HBV control.AIM To determine the worldwide prevalence of HBV serological markers among HCWs.METHODS In this systematic review and meta–analyses,we searched PubMed and Excerpta Medica Database(Embase)to identify studies published between 1970 and 2019 on the prevalence of HBV serological markers in HCWs worldwide.We also manually searched for references of relevant articles.Four independent investigators selected studies and included those on the prevalence of each of the HBV serological markers including hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg),hepatitis e antigen(HBeAg),immunoglobulin M anti-HBc,and anti-HBs.Methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed and random-effect model meta-analysis resulted in the pooled prevalence of HBV serological markers HBV infection in HCWs.Heterogeneity(I²)was assessed using theχ²test on Cochran’s Q statistic and H parameters.Heterogeneity’sources were explored through subgroup and metaregression analyses.This study is registered with PROSPERO,number CRD42019137144.RESULTS We reviewed 14059 references,out of which 227 studies corresponding to 448 prevalence data among HCWs(224936 HCWs recruited from 1964 to 2019 in 71 countries)were included in this meta-analysis.The pooled seroprevalences of current HBsAg,current HBeAg,and acute HBV infection among HCWs were 2.3%[95% confidence interval(CI):1.9-2.7],0.2%(95%CI:0.0-1.7),and 5.3%(95%CI:1.4-11.2),respectively.The pooled seroprevalences of total immunity against HBV and immunity acquired by natural HBV infection in HCWs w

关键词： Healthcare workers Hepatitis B virus Seroprevalence Hepatitis B surface antigen Hepatitis e antigen

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活动性肺结核患者糖尿病的全球患病率:2300万肺结核患者数据的系统回顾与Meta分析

活动性肺结核患者糖尿病的全球患病率:2300万肺结核患者数据的系...

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作者： jean Jacques Noubiap Jobert Richie Nansseu Ulrich Flore Nyaga Jan Rene Nkeck Francky Teddy Endomba Arnaud D Kaze Valirie N Agbor jean joel bigna 张烨冰 Department of Medicine Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town Faculty of Medicine University of Paris Sud XI

背景:尽管糖尿病和血糖控制不佳显着地增加了患结核病的风险,并不利地影响结核病的治疗结果,但在结核病背景下的全球糖尿病负担仍然未知。目的:我们做了一个系统的审查和meta分析,以估计在全球、区域和国家各级肺结核患者的糖尿病患病... 详细信息

背景:尽管糖尿病和血糖控制不佳显着地增加了患结核病的风险,并不利地影响结核病的治疗结果,但在结核病背景下的全球糖尿病负担仍然未知。目的:我们做了一个系统的审查和meta分析,以估计在全球、区域和国家各级肺结核患者的糖尿病患病率。方法:我们搜索了PubMed,Excerpta Medica数据库,Web of Science和Global Index Medicus,以确定1986年1月1日至2017年6月15日期间发表的关于活动性肺结核患者糖尿病患病率的研究,这些研究没有语言限制。肺结核和糖尿病的诊断标准与世卫组织准则一致,并评估了符合条件的研究的方法学质量,通过随机效应模型荟萃分析获得了全球活动性结核病患者合并糖尿病的总体估计值。通过Cochran Q统计量的χ检验评估了异质性(I)。结果:我们筛选了7565条记录,其中200项研究(活动性结核病2291571人)纳入了荟萃分析。合并糖尿病患病率为15.3%(95%预测区间2.5-36.1;I:99.8%),从拉脱维亚的0.1%到马绍尔群岛的45.2%不等。通过亚组和元回归分析确定异质性来源表明,四个国际糖尿病联合会(IDF)地区(北美和加勒比[19.7%],西太平洋[19.4%],东南亚[19.0%],中部东非和北非[17.5%])的患病率估计值明显高于其他三个(非洲[8.0%],南美和中美洲[7.7%]和欧洲[7.5%];P<0.0001)。此外,在男性以及结核病负担低的国家,患病率随年龄增长而增加。在低收入和低人类发展指数得分的国家中,糖尿病的患病率降低了。在活动性结核病患者中,结核病感染的形式和HIV的存在似乎并不影响糖尿病的患病率。结论:这项研究表明,活动性肺结核患者的糖尿病负担很高,但因年龄、性别、地区、国家收入水平和发展程度不同而存在差异。降低活动性肺结核患者糖尿病负担的成本效益策略是必要的。

关键词：糖尿病活动性结核病患病率回顾元分析

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Application of near-infrared spectroscopy for fast germplasm analysis and classification in multi-environment using intact-seed peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第2期9卷 132-141页

作者： Fentanesh Chekole Kassie Gilles Chaix Hermine Bille Ngalle Maguette Seye Coura Fall Hodo-Abalo Tossim Aissatou Sambou Olivier Gibert Fabrice Davrieux Joseph Martin Bell jean-Francois Rami Daniel Fonceka joel Romaric Nguepjop Department of Plant Biology and Physiology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Yaounde IYaoundeP.O.Box 337Cameroon Department of Plant Science College of AgricultureWolaita Sodo UniversitySodoP.O.Box 138Ethiopia CIRAD UMR AGAP InstitutMontpellierFrance AGAP Institut Univ MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance ChemHouse Research Group MontpellierFrance Centre D’Etudes Regional Pour L’Amelioration de L’Adaptation a La Secheresse(CERAAS/ISRA) Route de KhomboleThiesBP 3320Senegal Dispositif de Recherche et de Formation en Partenariat Innovation et Amelioration Varietale en Afrique de L’Ouest(IAVAO)CERAASRoute de KhomboleThiesBP 3320Senegal CIRAD UMR QUALISUDSaint PierreFrance

Peanut is a worldwide oilseed crop and the need to assess germplasm in a non-destructive manner is important for seed nutritional breeding.In this study,Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIRS)was applied to rapidly assess germplasm variability from whole seed of 699 samples,field-collected and assembled in four genetic and environmentbased sets:one set of 300 varieties of a core-collection and three sets of 133 genotypes of an interspecific population,evaluated in three environments in a large spatial scale of two countries,Mbalmayo and Bafia in Cameroon and Nioro in Senegal,under rainfed conditions.NIR elemental spectra were gathered on six subsets of seeds of each sample,after three rotation scans,with a spectral resolution of 16 cm-1over the spectral range of867 nm to 2530 nm.Spectra were then processed by principal component analysis(PCA)coupled with Partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA).As results,a huge variability was found between varieties and genotypes for all NIR wavelength within and between environments.The magnitude of genetic variation was particularly observed at 11 relevant wavelengths such as 1723 nm,usually related to oil content and fatty acid composition.PCA yielded the most chemical attributes in three significant PCs(i.e.,eigenvalues>10),which together captured 93%of the total variation,revealing genetic and environment structure of varieties and genotypes into four clusters,corresponding to the four samples sets.The pattern of genetic variability of the interspecific population covers,remarkably half of spectrum of the core-collection,turning out to be the largest.Interestingly,a PLS-DA model was developed and a strong accuracy of 99.6%was achieved for the four sets,aiming to classify each seed sample according to environment origin.The confusion matrix achieved for the two sets of Bafia and Nioro showed 100%of instances classified correctly with 100%at both sensitivity and specificity,confirming that their seed quality was different from each other and all other samples.Overall,NIR

关键词： Groundnut Oilseed Near infrared spectroscopy Germplasm analysis Environment Nutritional Breeding

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Differences in egg hatching time between cyclical and obligate parthenogenetic lineages of aphids

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Insect Science 2019年第1期26卷 135-141页

作者： Charles-Antoine Dedryver joel Bonhomme jean-Francois Le Gallic jean-Christophe Simon Unite Mixte de Recherche IGEPP 1349 INRAIAgrocampus OuestlUniversite Rennes 1Le Rheu cedexFrance

Many aphid species exhibit a variation in reproductive mode which is influenced by winter climate regimes,with cyclical parthenogenetic (CP)lines dominating in cold winter areas (because they produce cold-resistant eggs)and obligate parthenogenetic (OP) ones in mild winter regions (because of their parthenogenetic overwintering).Genetic studies on several aphid species have shown that the OP trait can be transmitted during sexual events involving the 2 types of lines.This genetic system could be considered as a local safeguarding mechanism for OP alleles in case severe frost would have killed all parthenogenetically overwintering individuals.However,this strategy would only be efficient in restoring local polymorphism in breeding systems if the newly hatched OP recombinants remain competitive over their CP counterparts.In this study we compared egg hatching sequences of CP and OP F1 clones from several crosses obtained for 2 cereal aphid species,Sitobion avenae (constant 5℃,8 h of light)and Rhopalosiphum padi (winter outdoor conditions).For S.avenae,we obtained F1 offspring from 6 crosses, involving 4 clones while in R.padi F1 were obtained from 11 crosses involving 14 clones. We showed that in both species proportions of OP clones were higher in the first half of the progeny relative to the second half.In addition,F1 OP clones hatched in the mean about a week earlier than their CP sibs,which gives them a demographic advantage at the start of the growth season.We then discussed the consequences of this fitness advantage for the maintenance and spread of the OP trait in aphid populations.

关键词： asexuality diapauses genetic variation insects overwintering strategies reproductive mode

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