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Basic Study Impact of stimulant medication on behaviour and executive functions in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2022年第1期11卷 48-60页

作者： Tasmia Hai Hanna A Duffy Julie Anne lemay jean françois lemay Werklund School of Education University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Paediatrics Alberta Children's Hospital/Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T3B 6A8Canada

BACKGROUND Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)often exhibit behaviour challenges and deficits in executive functions(EF).Psychostimulant medications[e.g.,methylphenidate(MPH)]are commonly prescribed for children with ADHD and are considered effective in 70%of the ***,only a handful of studies have investigated the long-term impact of MPH medication on EF and *** To evaluate behaviour and EF challenges in children with ADHD who were involved in an MPH treatment trial across three-time *** Thirty-seven children with ADHD completed a stimulant medication trial to study the short-and long-term impact of *** with ADHD completed three neuropsychological assessments[Continuous Performance Test(CPT)-II,Digit Span Backwards and Spatial Span Backwards].Parents of children with ADHD completed behaviour rating scales[Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning(BRIEF)and Behaviour Assessment System for Children-Second Edition(BASC-2)].Participants were evaluated at:(1)Baseline(no medication);and(2)Best-dose(BD;following four-week MPH treatment).Additionally,18 participants returned for a long-term naturalistic follow up(FU;up to two years following BD).RESULTS Repeated measure analyses of variance found significant effects of time on two subscales of BRIEF and four subscales of *** assessments showed some improvement,but not on all tasks following the medication *** improvements did not sustain at FU,with increases in EF and behaviour challenges,and a decline in performance on the CPT-II task being *** Parents of children with ADHD reported improvements in EF and behaviours during the MPH trial but were not sustained at *** screening tools and neuropsychological assessments may be useful for monitoring medication responses.

关键词： Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder Behaviour Executive functions Stimulant medications

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Population isolation shapes plant genetics, phenotype and germination in naturally patchy ecosystems

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 649-659页

作者： Laurent De Vriendt Marc-Andrélemay Martine jean Sébastien Renaut Stéphanie Pellerin Simon Joly françois Belzile Monique Poulin Département de Phytologie Facultédes Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’AlimentationUniversitéLaval2425 rue de l’agriculture QuébecQuébec G1V 0A6Canada Québec Center for Biodiversity Science Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityStewart Biology Building1205 Dr.Penfield AvenueMontréal H3A 1B1Canada Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes(IBIS) UniversitéLaval1030 avenue de la MédecineQuébec G1V 0A6Canada Institut de recherche en biologie végétale Département des Sciences biologiquesUniversitéde Montréal4101 Sherbrooke EstMontréal H1X 2B2Canada Jardin botanique de Montréal 4101 Sherbrooke EstMontréal H1X 2B2Canada

Aims Habitat connectivity is important in conservation since isolation can diminish the potential of a population for adaptation and increase its risk of ***,conservation of naturally patchy ecosystems such as peatlands has mainly focused on preserving specific sites with exceptional characteristics,neglecting the poten-tial interconnectivity between *** order to better under-stand plant dynamics within a peatland network,we assessed the effect of population isolation on genetic distinctiveness,phenotypic variations and germination rates using the peatland-obligate white-fringed orchid(Platanthera blephariglottis).Methods Fifteen phenotypic traits were measured for 24 individuals per pop-ulation(20 distinct populations,Quebec,Canada)and germination rates of nearly 20000 seeds were *** distinctiveness was quantified for 26 populations using single nucleotide polymor-phism markers obtained via a pooled genotyping-by-sequencing *** isolation was measured as the distance to the nearest population and as the number of populations occurring in concentric buffer zones(within a radius of 2,5 and 10 km)around the studied *** Findings All phenotypic traits showed significant differences among *** results also indicated a pattern of isolation-by-distance,which suggests that seed and/or pollen exchange is restricted ***,all phenotypic traits,as well as a reduced germination rate,were correlated with either geographic isolation or genetic *** conclude that geographic iso-lation likely restricts gene flow,which in turn may affect ***,it is imperative that conservation programs take into account the patchy nature of such ecosystems,rather than targeting a few specific sites with exceptional character for preservation.

关键词： trait variation population genetics peatland orchid Platanthera blepharigottis genotyping by sequencing GBS

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