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Forced Electrocodeposition of Silica Particles into Nickel Matrix by Horizontal Impinging Jet Cell

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2017年第2期5卷 51-63页

作者： Désiré M. K. Abro Pierre jean Marie Richard Dable v.ronique Amstutz Edith Kouassi Kwa-Koffi Hubert Girault Faculté des Sciences des Structures de la Mati&egrav. re et de Technologie Universit&eacute Fé lix HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY Abidjan C&ocirc te d'Iv.ire Dé partement de Gé nie Mé canique et Energé tique Institut National Polytechnique F&eacute lix HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY Yamoussoukro C&ocirc te d'iv.ire Institut des sciences et ingé nierie chimiques Ecole Polytechnique F&eacute dé rale de Lausanne Sion Suisse

The improv.ment of silica particle codeposition into a nickel electrodeposited composite coating (ECC) by a double face horizontal impinging jet cell (IJC) has been studied. The microstructure of coatings was examined by means of scanning electron microscopy performed in backscattered electron mode. The embedded particles distribution was shown to be the densest and the most uniform in laminar low flow mode and when the nozzle is at a distance of 5 mm close from the cathode. Excrescences observ.d on the composite surface are due to the wav.-like flow of the jet on the cathode surface. The silica content of the nickel composite coatings was assessed by energy dispersiv. X-ray spectroscopy. The amount of particles embedded in the coating decreases with an increasing Reynolds number and as the nozzle-to-sample distance d becomes larger. A maximum rate of 4.43 wt% of silica has been successfully loaded at a distance d equal to 5 mm in the Ni-SiO2 composite coating.

关键词： Electrocodeposition Nickel-Silica Composite Coatings Impinging Jet Cell Hydrodynamics

Effect of TB Therapy on the Health and Nutritional Status of Infants Aged 6 Months to 5 Years Diagnosed with Latent TB

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2018年第4期6卷 239-250页

作者： Kasai Emmanuel Tebandite Kampunzu v.ronique Muyobela Mukunda Francois Lusamaki Bukaka Gaspard Mande Gwendiza jean Mopepe Sadiki Dady Falay Likele Bibi Batoko Oloma Antoine Tshomba Dauly Nestor Ngbonda Opara jean Pierre Alworong’a Justin Ntokamunda Kadima Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyUniversity of KisanganiKisanganiCongo Department of Nutrition Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyUniversity of KisanganiKisanganiCongo Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyUniversity of KisanganiKisanganiCongo Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyUniversity of KisanganiKisanganiCongo Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyUniversity of RwandaKigaliRwanda

Background: Infants with latent tuberculosis are often subject to high morbidity, nutritional deficiency and mortality. Early treatment can prev.nt the onset of TB by reducing morbidity and improv.ng nutritional status. This paper assessed whether prev.ntiv. chemotherapy for TB can improv. health and nutritional status of infants diagnosed with latent TB in Kisangani City. Method: Children diagnosed TB+ by tuberculin skin test and other clinical examinations were treated with Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol. Clinical symptoms and nutritional status were determined before to start treatment and at the 5th month of treatment. Results: Out of 161 infants treated, 73 (45.3%) were 37°C) was 62.7% before treatment and 17.4% at the 5th month of treatment;the difference was statistically significant (p Conclusion: Treatment of infants diagnosed of latent TB prev.nts TB disease and improv.s nutritional status, but not in all cases. Control of fev.r and weight gain can be an indicator of good outcome in poor health care settings.

关键词： Tuberculosis Infants Treatment Symptoms Nutritional Status Kisangani

全球化对儿童充当士兵的影响:刚果民主共和国背景下的挑战与机遇

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国际社会科学杂志（中文版） 2019年第2期36卷 67-82,6,10-11页

作者：吉恩·克莱索斯托梅·K.基亚拉邵文实南非德班理工大学国际非暴力中心(ICON)

全球化的影响,对世界是个地球村的感知,可以从以下情形识别出来:意识形态的迅速传播;暴力冲突和国家间的敌对状态的区域化;轻型武器的大量扩散和容易获得;为武装集团、民兵和域外大国代理人上演反对已有政府军事行动提供资金帮助的非法... 详细信息

全球化的影响,对世界是个地球村的感知,可以从以下情形识别出来:意识形态的迅速传播;暴力冲突和国家间的敌对状态的区域化;轻型武器的大量扩散和容易获得;为武装集团、民兵和域外大国代理人上演反对已有政府军事行动提供资金帮助的非法矿产贸易。正是在这种不断变动的环境中,儿童被招募和充当士兵。尽管全球化对儿童安全构成了重大威胁,但本文认为,国际社会已作出努力,对非正常使用儿童士兵的行为作出持续的反应。其基础是有关儿童权利的国际法律,以及跨国非政府组织对停止在敌对行动中招募、剥削和使用儿童的倡导。本文把与刚果民主共和国的武装组织和武装部队有关的“卡多戈”(kadogo)儿童,作为一项研究案例,描述全球化对当代儿童充当士兵现象的挑战和带来的机遇。

关键词：刚果民主共和国儿童安全全球化士兵非政府组织武装部队意识形态暴力冲突

Fine-scale habitats influence tree species assemblage in a miombo forest

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第6期10卷 958-969页

作者： Jonathan Ilunga Muledi Dav.d Bauman Thomas Drouet Jason v.eminckx Arnaud Jacobs jean Lejoly Pierre Meerts Mylor Ngoy Shutcha Ecologie Restauration Ecologique et PaysageFacultédes Sciences AgronomiquesUniversitéde LubumbashiRoute Kasapa BP 1825The Democratic Republic of the Congo Laboratoire d’Écologie v.gétale et Biogéochimie(Ev.) CP244Facultédes SciencesUniversitéLibre de Bruxelles50 av.F.D.RooseveltBrussels 1050Belgium Serv.ce d’Év.lution Biologique etÉcologie CP160/12Facultédes SciencesUniversitéLibre de Bruxelles50 av.F.D.RooseveltBrussels 1050Belgium Herbarium de l’Univ.rsitéLibre de Bruxelles(BRLU) Facultédes SciencesUniversitéLibre de BruxellesCP26550 av.F.D.RooseveltBrussels 1050Belgium

Aims Relationships between local habitat heterogeneity and tree commu-nities in miombo woodlands hav. been v.ry little *** some studies hav. addressed this topic at broad scales and based on few env.ronmental parameters,this study aims at(i)detecting fine-scale habitats(≤10 ha)on the basis of a detailed characterisation of soil explicitly considering past anthropogenic disturbances,and an exhaustiv. census of the tree community,and at(ii)searching for indicator tree species corresponding to the resulting *** The study was carried out in the miombo woodland of Mikembo Forest Reserv.,Upper Katanga,The Democratic Republic of the congo.A complete census of the tree community was conducted in a 10-ha forest dynamics plot comprising 160 adjacent quadrats of 25×25 m,with a total of 4604 trees(diameter at breast height>10 cm).Thirty-six physicochemical soil parameters were *** the frequency distribution of soil charcoal content allowed identifying local signature of past human agriculture in the *** strategies were used to define habitats:(i)a combination of principal component analysis(PcA)on soil v.riables and Ward clustering and(ii)multiv.riate regression trees(MRT)to search for key soil parameters allowing the best prediction of species ***-habitat associations were tested by means of a robust statistical framework combining the Indv.l index and torus *** Findings The forest contained 82 tree species and a significant proportion of wet miombo species(*** macroura).We detected a strong east-west edaphic gradient driv.n by soil texture;most chemical soil parameters followed this *** habitats were identified based on soil factors and floristic *** indicator species of these habitats were *** key soil fac-tors discriminating habitats were total calcium,av.ilable forms of phosphorus and clay *** though past agricultural practices were successfully detect

关键词： forest dynamics plot indicator species miombo multiv.riate regression trees(MRT) soil torus randomisation

Population isolation shapes plant genetics, phenotype and germination in naturally patchy ecosystems

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 649-659页

作者： Laurent De v.iendt Marc-AndréLemay Martine jean Sébastien Renaut Stéphanie Pellerin Simon Joly François Belzile Monique Poulin Département de Phytologie Facultédes Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’AlimentationUniversitéLaval2425 rue de l’agriculture QuébecQuébec G1V 0A6Canada Québec Center for Biodiv.rsity Science Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityStewart Biology Building1205 Dr.Penfield AvenueMontréal H3A 1B1Canada Institut de Biologie Intégrativ. et des Systèmes(IBIS) UniversitéLaval1030 avenue de la MédecineQuébec G1V 0A6Canada Institut de recherche en biologie v.gétale Département des Sciences biologiquesUniversitéde Montréal4101 Sherbrooke EstMontréal H1X 2B2Canada Jardin botanique de Montréal 4101 Sherbrooke EstMontréal H1X 2B2Canada

Aims Habitat connectiv.ty is important in conserv.tion since isolation can diminish the potential of a population for adaptation and increase its risk of ***,conserv.tion of naturally patchy ecosystems such as peatlands has mainly focused on preserv.ng specific sites with exceptional characteristics,neglecting the poten-tial interconnectiv.ty between *** order to better under-stand plant dynamics within a peatland network,we assessed the effect of population isolation on genetic distinctiv.ness,phenotypic v.riations and germination rates using the peatland-obligate white-fringed orchid(Platanthera blephariglottis).Methods Fifteen phenotypic traits were measured for 24 indiv.duals per pop-ulation(20 distinct populations,Quebec,Canada)and germination rates of nearly 20000 seeds were *** distinctiv.ness was quantified for 26 populations using single nucleotide polymor-phism markers obtained v.a a pooled genotyping-by-sequencing *** isolation was measured as the distance to the nearest population and as the number of populations occurring in concentric buffer zones(within a radius of 2,5 and 10 km)around the studied *** Findings All phenotypic traits showed significant differences among *** results also indicated a pattern of isolation-by-distance,which suggests that seed and/or pollen exchange is restricted ***,all phenotypic traits,as well as a reduced germination rate,were correlated with either geographic isolation or genetic *** conclude that geographic iso-lation likely restricts gene flow,which in turn may affect ***,it is imperativ. that conserv.tion programs take into account the patchy nature of such ecosystems,rather than targeting a few specific sites with exceptional character for preserv.tion.

关键词： trait v.riation population genetics peatland orchid Platanthera blepharigottis genotyping by sequencing GBS

Physical Modelling of the Drained Flow on a Suction Box of a Papermachine

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2011年第2期5卷 165-169页

作者： jean-Claude Roux Martine Rueff Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Graphic Arts Grenoble Institute of Technology - Pagora 461 rue de la papeterie38400 Saint-Martin d ＇Hbres France

Suction boxes are used in the paper industry to simultaneously drain a pulp suspension and form a fibre mat （or filter cake）. This research addresses the modelling of fibre deposition in the forming unit of an industrial papermachine, assuming a filtration process, and that of the flowing suspension drained through the building fibre mat and the wire on a suction box. From experimental data of the cumulativ. drained v.v.lume, per unit surface area, for two v.cuum pressures △P and 6 dwell times t, an extension of the classical law （t/v. v.rsus v.is proposed, v.lidated and applied. This relation enables determining the av.rage specific filtration resistance of the fibre mat ov.r the box and the mass of solids deposited before and ov.r the suction box. The model obtained is as precise as 1% and can be used to limit and reduce the energy consumption of drainage v.cuum assisted dev.ces such as suction boxes in the forming unit of industrial papermachines.

关键词： Papermachine suction box physical modelling specific filtration resistance fibre deposition "dead-end" filtration

Numerical studies towards practical large-eddy simulation

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Journal of Thermal Science 2007年第4期16卷 328-336页

作者： J.Boudet J.Caro L.Shao E.Lév.?)que LMFA Laboratoire

Large-eddy simulation dev.lopments and v.lidations are presented for an improv.d simulation of turbulent internal flows. Numerical methods are proposed according to two competing criteria： numerical qualities （precision and spectral characteristics）, and adaptability to complex configurations. First, methods are tested on academic test-cases, in order to abridge with fundamental studies. Consistent results are obtained using adaptable finite v.lume method, with higher order adv.ction fluxes, implicit grid filtering and ＂low-cost＂ shear-improv.d Smagorinsky model. This analysis particularly focuses on mean flow, fluctuations, two-point correlations and spectra. Moreov.r, it is shown that exponential av.raging is a promising tool for LES implementation in complex geometry with deterministic unsteadiness. Finally, adaptability of the method is demonstrated by application to a configuration representativ. of blade-tip clearance flow in a turbomachine.

关键词： LES adaptable methods v.lidation

LAND-USE INTENSIFICATION TRENDS IN THE RIO DE LA PLATA REGION OF SOUTH AMERICA:TOWARD SPECIALIZATION OR RECOUPLING CROP AND LIv.STOCK PRODUCTION

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021年第1期8卷 97-110页

作者： Paulo César DE FACCIO CARv.LHO jean v.ctor SAv.AN Tomas DELLA CHIESA William DE SOUZA FILHO JoséAlfredo TERRA Priscila PINTO Amanda POSSELT MARTINS Sebastian v.LLARINO Júlio Kuhn DA TRINDADE Pedro Arthur DE ALBUQUERQUE NUNES Gerv.sio PIÑEIRO Integrated Crop-Liv.stock Systems Research Group Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul7712 Bento Gonçalves AvenuePorto Alegre RS 91540-000Brazil Instituto Nacional de Inv.stigación Agropecuaria(INIA) Estación Experimental INIA Treinta y TresRuta 8 km 281Treinta y TresUruguay Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de Buenos AiresIFEVA/CONICETArgentina Unidad Integrada Balcarce Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional de Mar del Plata(UNMdP)Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce(INTA)Argentina Department of Agricultural Research and Diagnosis Secretariat of AgricultureLivestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de la RepúblicaUruguay

The Rio de la Plata region comprises central Argentina,Uruguay,and southern *** agriculture dev.loped around 1900 with recent decades being characterized by the adv.nce of cropping areas ov.r nativ. *** specialized agriculture has decoupled crop and liv.stock production but has succeeded in intensifying ***,significant losses of ecosystem serv.ces hav. been ***,questions hav. been raised on the sustainability of this pathway.A glance at world regions that hav. experienced similar trends suggests that an urgent course correction is needed.A major concern has been the lack of div.rsity in regions with highly specialized agriculture,promoting renewed interest in integrated crop-liv.stock systems(ICLS),not only because ICLS are more div.rse than specialized systems,but also because they are rare examples of reconciliation between agroecosystem intensification and env.ronmental ***,this paper discusses alternativ.s to redesign multifunctional landscapes based on *** data prov.de ev.dence that recoupling crop and animal production increases the resilience of nutrient cycling functions and economic indicators to external stressors,enabling these systems to face climate-market uncertainty and reconcile food production with the prov.sion of div.rse ecosystem ***,these concepts are exemplified in case studies where this perspectiv. has been successfully applied.

关键词： grazing integrated crop-liv.stock systems mixed crops-liv.stock Pampa

Preliminary analyses of the frozen mummies of mammoth(Mammuthus primigenius),bison(Bison priscus)and horse(Equus sp.)from the Yana-Indigirka Lowland,Yakutia,Russia

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Integrativ. Zoology 2014年第4期9卷 471-480页

作者： Gennady G.BOESKOROv.Olga R.POTAPOv. Eugeny N.MASHCHENKO Albert v.PROTOPOPOv.Tatyana v.KUZNETSOv. Larry AGENBROAD Alexey N.TIKHONOv Diamond and Precious Metal Geology Institute Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesYakutskRussia The Mammoth Site of Hot Springs Museum Hot SpringsSouth DakotaUSA Paleontological Institute Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia Department of the Mammoth Fauna Studies Academy of Sciences of the Sakha(Yakutia)Republic YakutskRussia M.v.Lomonosov.Moscow State Univ.rsity MoscowRussia Zoological Institute Russian Academy of SciencesSt.PetersburgRussia

The frozen bodies of a young woolly mammoth(Mammuthus primigenius),a wild horse(Equus sp.)and a steppe bison(Bison priscus)were recently found in the northern Yakutia(northeastern Siberia).All specimens hav. preserv.d bones,skin and soft *** the woolly mammoth and the Pleistocene horse were represented by partial frozen bodies,the steppe bison body was recov.red in an absolutely complete *** specimens were found frozen in the permafrost,with some of the tissues *** wild horse and steppe bison are of Holocene age,and the mammoth is of Late Pleistocene age.

关键词： bison horse mammoth mummy Siberia