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Analysis of Flood Risks Upstream from the Imboulou Hydroelectric Dam on the Léfini River, a Tributary of the Right Bank of the Congo River

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2023年第4期13卷 259-275页

作者： Shyrland Dave Bibi jean armand paka Rene Josue Samba jean Bienvenu Dinga Christian Tathy Ernest Amoussou Laboratory of Mechanics Energy and Engineering Higher National Polytechnic School Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo National Institute for Research in Exact and Natural Sciences (IRSEN) Hydrology Laboratory Brazzaville Republic of Congo Faculty of Letters Arts and Human Sciences Physical Geography Laboratory Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Department of Environmental Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Department of Exact Sciences Higher Teacher’s Training School Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Faculty of Letters Arts and Human Sciences University of Parakou Parakou Benin Pierre Pagney Laboratory Climate Water Ecosystem and Development (LACEEDE) University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

The analysis of the risk of flooding upstream from the Imboulou hydroelectric dam on the Léfini River in the Republic of Congo-Brazzaville, focused on the evolution of annual rainfall and flow in the study area during the period from 1970 to 2020 before and after the building of the dam in 2005, by applying statistical methods. These methods were used to analyse the spatial and temporal evolution of rainfall and flow at the unique hydrometric station located at the RN2 (National Road N°2) bridge in the village of Mbouambé in the Pool region. This work has shown that rainfall is not the cause of flooding in the Léfini catchment area. The monthly flow coefficient (MFC) showed exceptional flooding from November and December onwards after the dam was built, resulting in a variability of flows, with periods of high and low water. In addition, the annual average flow (AAF) and the maximum average flow (MAF) increased after the dam was built. Maximum average flows (MAF) were higher than annual average flows (AAF) throughout the period of study (1970-2020). The annual and monthly rainfall-runoff relationship showed changes after the dam was built, particularly from 2009 and during the months of November and December. .

关键词： Léfini River Imboulou Hydroelectric Dam Floods Monthly Flow Coefficient Annual Average Flow Maximum Average Flows

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Clinical, Biological, Immunological and Therapeutic Profile of Patients Co-Infected with HIV-HBV and/or HCV in Kinshasa, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第4期12卷 107-118页

作者： jean-Paul Mayimona Kimpiatu Aliocha Natuhoyila Nkodila Antoine Wola Yaba Tshimpi Charles Nlombi Mbendi Thérèse Ndarabu jean Jacques Matimbo Youyou paka Patrick de Jésus Ngoma Blaise Batumona Trésor Monsere Pitchou Kengibe jean Robert Rissassi Makulo Mireille Nganga Hippolyte Nani-Tuma Situakibanza Benjamin Longo Mbenza Garstroenterology Department University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Departement of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care Protestant University in Congo Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Unit of Gastroenterology Clinic Marie Yvette Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Nephrology University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Clinical Biology University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Infectious Diseases University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Cardiology University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

Background and Objective: HIV infection is often associated with HBV and HCV infection, together leading to high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical, biological, immunological and therapeutic profile of patients co-infected with HIV-HBV and/or HCV. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study including 180 people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in the city of Kinshasa province was conducted. Socio-demographic, clinical, biological and serological characteristics were analyzed. Results: The frequency of HIV-HBV/HCV co-infection was 23.9%. The distribution of age and sex of patients did not differ significantly according to co-infection status. The notion of pedicure and manicure was significantly more observed in patients free from viral hepatitis (51.1% versus 32.6%, p = 0.034). The median duration of knowledge of the HIV status which was longer in the co-infected (4 years versus 2 years, p = 0.022). A lower median level of GPT was observed in co-infected compared to other patients (14 IU/L versus 20 IU/L, p = 0.041). Serum albumin (3.1 g/L versus 3.3 g/L, p = 0.034) and prothrombin (58.3% versus 65.6%, p = 0.045) were lower in HIV co-infected-VHB and/or VHC. The median INR was higher in co-infected than in other patients (1.6 versus 1.4;p = 0.009). Patients without therapy Antiretroviral (TARV) medication were more numerous in co-infected (20.9% versus 8.0%, p = 0.025). Conclusions: The profile of PLWHIV was dominated by the presence of pedicures and manicures with high transaminases and without anti-viral treatment.

关键词： HIV-HCV-HBV Co-Infection Clinical Profile Biology TARVs Kinshasa

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