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Thermo-Mechanical Properties Study of Stabilized Soil Bricks to Sugar Cane Molasses and Cassava Starch Binders

Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第2期13卷 240-260页

作者： Narcisse Malanda jean albin nkaya Gilbert Ganga Ngambara Emamou Nondel Durvy Paul Louzolo-Kimbémbé Polytechnic National Superior School (ENSP) Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Superior Normal School (ENS) Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo National Institute for Research in Engineering Sciences Innovation and Technology (INRSIIT) Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

The current study deals Swith thermo-mechanical properties of stabilized soil small bricks with the help of organic binders of sugar cane molasses and cassava starch. Different formulations of soil concrete have been suggested after the geotechnical characterization of samples of soil was taken. From these, it arises that the studied soil is the most plastically clay (of type A3) according to GTR classification. Samples made of small bricks and measured out at 4%, 6% and 8% of binders (molasses, starch or molasses + starch) have been warmed up to different temperatures (100°C, 150°C, 200°C and 250°C) for the rising of the thermic behavior under different conditions and submitted to crushing testings for the estimation of characteristic resistances to the compression. According to the mechanical behavior, we note an improvement of resistances for small bricks measured 4%, 6% and 8%, of molasses respectively of 32.44%, 32.06% and 23.43% against the value of reference for small bricks without molasses. In the same way, the binder (molasses + starch) also reveals an improvement of resistance to the compression of 13.27%, 26.17% and 26.17%. On the contrary, the stabilization with the starch binder did not bring a significative improvement. According to the thermic influence, the heating at 100°C of stabilized small bricks at 4%, 6% and 8% of molasses, reveals a significative improvement of resistances. Moreover, the stabilization with the starch reveals on the contrary a good behavior for heatings at 150°C and 250°C. In short, for the binder (molasses + starch), it is the heating at 200°C that shows some improvements of remarkable resistances. Different analyses of realized statistics also show the effectivity of obtained results. For all realized formulations, the measuring out at 6% of binders (molasses, or molasses + starch) seems as optimal in front of the best thermo-mechanical revealed properties.

关键词： Clay Molasses Cassava Starch Heating Compressed Soil Brick Mechanical Resistance

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Deciphering the α relaxation and the anelastic-to-plastic transition in the deep glassy state

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第3期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 135-142页

作者： Qi Hao Guanghui Xing Eloi Pineda Claudio Fusco Laurent Chazeau jean-Marc Pelletier Yunjiang Wang Yong Yang Jichao Qiao School of Mechanics Civil Engineering and Architecture Northwestern Polytechnical University Department of Physics Institute of Energy Technologies Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Univ Lyon INSA Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS MATEIS State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering City University of Hong Kong Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering City University of Hong Kong State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Turbomachinery Power Equipment Northwestern Polytechnical University Key Laboratory of Aircraft Structural Integrity Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

In contrast to their conventional crystalline counterparts, amorphous solids exhibit diverse dynamic relaxation mechanisms under external stimuli. The challenge to understanding their behavior lies in unifying microscopic dynamics, relaxation, and macroscopic deformation. This study establishes a potential link by quantifying the characteristic time of the anelastic-to-plastic transition through dynamic mechanical relaxation and stress relaxation tests across a wide temperature range in both the supercooled liquid and the glassy state. It is found that the stress relaxation time in the glassy solids follows an Arrhenius relationship, aligning with the main α relaxation time, and unveils a finding: α relaxation continues to govern deformation even below the glass transition, challenging previous assumptions of the role of secondary β relaxation. A hierarchically constrained atomic dynamics model rationalizes the temperature dependence of α relaxation and the transition from β to α relaxation, also providing evidence that the stretched exponent in the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts equation can serve as an order parameter. This work highlights the role of α relaxation in the glassy state and contributes to elucidating the potential correlation between relaxation and deformation in amorphous materials.

关键词： dynamic relaxation nonelastic deformation metallic glasses aging

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Exploring the links between gallstone disease, non-alcoholic fattyliver disease, and kidney stones: A path to comprehensiveprevention

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第4期31卷 176-178页

作者： jean Demarquoy Universitéde Bourgogne Institut Agro-INRAeDijon 21000France

The recent study exploring the bidirectional associations between gallstone disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and kidney stone disease highlights a critical concern in chronic disease *** the rising global prevalence of these conditions,understanding their interconnections is *** study emphasizes the importance of shared risk factors,such as obesity,type 2 diabetes,dyslipidemia,and oxidative stress,and calls for multidisciplinary screening *** approach would improve patient outcomes and reduce the socio-economic *** the study contributes valuable insights from a Chinese population,further research across diverse populations is necessary to validate and extend these findings ***,the research underscores the need for integrated prevention programs to better manage these interconnected diseases and improve health outcomes.

关键词： Gallstone Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Kidney stone Shared risk factors Obesity Insulin Health

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Optimizing the Particle Size of Shale and Laterite Used as Constructed Wetland Substrates for Wastewater Treatment

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2025年第1期17卷 14-34页

作者： Nadège Fatim Traoré jean-Marie Pétémanagnan Ouattara Franck Michaël Zahui Amichalé jean Cyrille Beda Aman Messou Department of Sciences and Environment Management Nangui Abrogoua University Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Agronomic Forestry and Environmental Engineering University of Man Man Cte dIvoire

Constructed Wetlands (CWs) are currently one of the most promising techniques for wastewater treatment, having demonstrated their effectiveness. However, the choice of substrate particle size is critical to the smooth operation of the process, as hydrodynamic constraints require a coarse particle size, whereas wastewater treatment recommends a fine particle size. This study investigates the suitability of laterite and shale as substrates of different sizes (1 - 3, 3 - 5 and 5 - 8 mm) in CWs for domestic wastewater treatment. The study was carried out in an experimental pilot plant consisting of 12 parallelepiped beds (C × C = 0.4 × 0.4 m2;H = 0.6 m) filled from bottom to top with 0.1 m of gravel and 0.4 m of shale or laterite of different grain sizes with two replications. During the six months of operation, plant biomass and stem diameter of Pennisetum purpureum used as vegetation in the CWs were determined. Raw and treated water were also sampled and analyzed for pollutants, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total Kjedahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS), using International Organization for Standardization (ISO) analytical methods. P. purpureum developed much better in the CW beds lined with shale;plant biomass ranged from 13.8 to 14.7 kg/m2 and from 11.2 to 12.5 kg/m2 in the beds lined with shale and laterite, respectively, as did stump diameter, which ranged from 15.5 to 16.1 cm and from 11.10 to 12.7 cm, respectively. However, the highest values for biomass and stump diameter for each material were obtained in the beds lined with 1 - 3 mm geomaterials. Pollutant removal efficiencies were highest in the CWs lined with laterite and shale of 1 - 3 mm grain size (76.9% - 83% COD, 78% - 84.7% BOD5, 55.5% - 72.2% TKN, 58.4% - 72.4% TP, 78.1% - 80.2% TSS), with the highest values recorded in the shale-lined beds. However, the 3 - 5 mm grain size of both materials provided quality filtrates

关键词： Constructed Wetlands Domestic Wastewater Laterite Pennisetum purpureum Shale Substrate Grain Size

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Mothers’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding Exclusive Breastfeeding in the Central African Republic

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2025年第1期15卷 74-92页

作者： Hilda Josephe Touadera Mongboa Brice Olivier Bogning Mejiozem jean Chrysostome Gody Fondation Tina Touadera Bangui Central African Republic Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pdiatrique de Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Facult des Sciences de la Sant Universit de Bangui Bangui Central African Republic

Introduction: Breastfeeding is the best way to provide ideal nutrition for optimal infant growth and development. Objectives: The aim of our work was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of children aged 0 - 24 months on exclusive breastfeeding in the Central African Republic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted from September 15 to October 15, 2024 among mothers of infants aged 0 to 24 months. Sociodemographic, obstetric and breastfeeding-related data were collected through individual interviews conducted during sensitizations on good feeding practices organized by the Tina Touadera Foundation. The chi2 test was used to test for relationships between variables, and the p significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The average age of the mothers surveyed was 27.67 years. 65.69% (n = 247) of mothers lived in urban areas and 55.85% (n = 210) were Muslim. 56.38% (n = 212) were living common-law and 34.04% (n = 128) were poor. Secondary-school mothers (44.42%, n = 167) and housewives (53.72%, n = 202) were in the majority. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was correctly defined by 79.26% (n = 298) of mothers and actually practised in 24.20% (n = 91) of cases. The main source of information was a health professional in 75.36% (n = 304) of cases. Among the 285 mothers who practised mixed breastfeeding, lack of time (33.33%) was the main reason. They acknowledged having given water (100%), corn porridge (75.09%) and/or artificial milk (24.91%) before the first 6 months of life. The average time for introducing water was 2.2 months, and for porridge/formula 2.79 months. More than half the mothers (55.05%) said they did not know their infants’ weaning age. Factors positively influencing the use of EBF were age under 29, residence in an urban area, primiparity, having been informed about AME by a health professional, and being a housewife or shopkeeper (p Conclusion: Mothers’ level of knowledge was heterogeneous

关键词： EBF Knowledge Attitudes Practices Mothers CAR

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Seasonal influence on miRNA expression dynamics of extracellular vesicles in equine follicular fluid

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 136-152页

作者： jean M.Feugang Ahmed Gad Nico G.Menjivar Ghassan M.Ishak Samuel Gebremedhn Melba O.Gastal Notsile H.Dlamini Radek Prochazka Eduardo L.Gastal Dawit Tesfaye Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762USA Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory(ARBL) Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Department of Animal Production Faculty of AgricultureCairo UniversityGiza 12613Egypt Department of Surgery and Obstetrics College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of BaghdadBaghdad 10011Iraq Animal Science School of Agricultural SciencesSouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIL 62901USA J.R.Simplot Company KunaID 83634USA Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Czech Academy of SciencesLiběchov 27721Czech Republic

Background Ovarian follicular fluid(FF)is a dynamic environment that changes with the seasons,affecting follicle development,ovulation,and oocyte *** in the follicles release tiny particles called extracellular vesicles(EVs)containing vital regulatory molecules,such as microRNAs(miRNAs).These miRNAs are pivotal in facilitating commu-nication within the follicles through diverse signaling and information transfer ***-coupled miRNA signaling is implicated to be associated with ovarian function,follicle and oocyte growth and response to various environmen-tal ***,we investigated how seasonal variations directly influence the ovulatory and anovulatory states of ovarian follicles and how are they associated with follicular fluid EV-coupled miRNA dynamics in *** Ultrasonographic monitoring and follicular fluid aspiration of preovulatory follicles in horses during the ano-vulatory(spring:non-breeding)and ovulatory(spring,summer,and fall:breeding)seasons and subsequent EV isola-tion and miRNA profiling identified significant variation in EV-miRNA cargo *** identified 97 miRNAs with dif-ferential expression among the groups and specific clusters of miRNAs involved in the spring transition(miR-149,-200b,-206,-221,-328,and-615)and peak breeding period(including miR-143,-192,-451,-302b,-100,and let-7c).Bioinformatic analyses showed enrichments in various biological functions,e.g.,transcription factor activity,transcrip-tion and transcription regulation,nucleic acid binding,sequence-specific DNA binding,p53 signaling,and post-trans-lational *** analyses revealed distinct sets of significantly up-and down-regulated miRNAs associ-ated with spring anovulatory(Cluster 1)and summer ovulation–the peak breeding season(Clusters 4 and 6).Conclusions The findings from the current study shed light on the dynamics of FF-EV-coupled miRNAs in relation to equine ovulatory and anovulatory seasons,and their roles in understanding the

关键词： Extracellular vesicle Follicle growth Follicular fluid Horse Mare Ovulation Pre-ovulation Seasonal breeding

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2025年第1期11卷 110-119页

作者： Issamaïl Ki M’Bi Kaboré Somaïla Koala jean Louis Zerbo Laboratoire de Matriaux dHliophysique et Environnement (La.M.H.E) Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut Universitaire de Technologie (IUT) Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Unit de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Appliques (UFR/SEA) Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

In this study, we examined variability of sun-related energies, auroral electrojet current, ring current, and magnetopause current during solar cycles 23 and 24. The study revealed a dependence of sun-related energies to the Sun and Earth currents systems with solar activity from 1996 to 2019. A decrease in the correlation between sun-related energies and sunspot number was observed over solar cycles 23 and 24 (0.88 for the solar cycle 23 and 0.66 for the solar cycle 24), with a drop in the speed of magnetic disturbances in the solar wind. These results could be attributed to the decrease in Sun’s magnetic field toroidal component magnitude induced by a weak in sunspots number and solar flares during the solar cycle 24. A weak in the Earth currents systems (auroral electrojet current, ring current, and magnetopause current) is also observed. During the decrease in the Earth currents, several peaks are observed, indicating a nonlinear dependence in the Earth currents variation (ring current, auroral electrojet current, and magnetopause current) from solar cycle 23 to solar cycle 24. This could be attributed to the Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs) observed during the declining phase of solar cycle 23 and the deep minimum preceding solar cycle 24.

关键词： Solar Activity Sun-Related Energy Corotating Interaction Region Currents Systems

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On the Occurrence of Different Classes of Solar Flares during the Solar Cycles 23 and 24

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2025年第1期11卷 28-38页

作者： Longo Wilfried Sanon Wendpuiré Ousmane Compaoré Somaïla Koala jean Louis Zerbo Laboratoire de Matriaux dHliophysique et Environnement (La.M.H.E) Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut Universitaire de Technologie (IUT) Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Unit de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Appliques (UFR/SEA) Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

In this study we review the occurrence of different types (A, B, C, M, and X classes) of solar flares during different solar cycle phases from 1996 to 2019 covering the solar cycles 23 and 24. During this period, a total of 19,126 solar flares were observed regardless the class: 3548 flares in solar cycle 23 (SC23) and 15,668 flares in solar cycle 24 (SC24). Our findings show that the cycle 23 has observed the highest occurrences of M-class and X-class flares, whereas cycle 24 has pointed out a predominance of B-class and C-class flares throughout its different phases. The results indicate that the cycle 23 was magnetically more intense than cycle 24, leading to more powerful solar flares and more frequent geomagnetic storms, capable of generating significant electromagnetic emissions that can affect satellites and GPS signals. The decrease in intense solar flares during cycle 24 compared to cycle 23 reflects an evolution in solar activity patterns over time.

关键词： Solar Flare Solar Cycle Solar Cycle Phase Solar Flare Class Occurrence

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Morphological Characteristics of Local Chicken Populations (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Farmed Basins of the Far North Region, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2025年第1期15卷 51-68页

作者： Christophe Wang-baa Temoa jean Massawa Francis Dongmo Djiotsa Yakouba Manjely Felix Meutchieye Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Agriculture Livestock and Deriveted Product National Advanced School of Engineering University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development IRAD Garoua Garoua Cameroon School of Science and Veterinary Medicine University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

In order to contribute to a better understanding of the biodiversity of local chicken populations, this study focused on the description of the essential qualitative parameters in the phenotypic characterization of local species. Conducted in 6 localities in the Far North Region of Cameroon (Doukoula, Yagoua, Guidiguis, Dziguilao, Maroua 3rd and Méri), a population of 240 local chickens, including 172 hens and 68 cocks were characterized in family farms. The choice of localities was made on the basis of their strong potential local chicken flocks in the region. To this end, each animal was the subject of a qualitative description based on the identification of the sex of the animal, the description of the colorations of the plumage and extremities, and the description of the types of format, plumage and crests. All observations were made with the naked eye and in daylight and then photographed. The main results show that the plumage colors are multiple and dominated by the White-Pied-Black (21.7%) and the Mille-fleur (20.8%);the wattles are dominated by the red (60%) and the pink (35.4%);the tarsi are dominated by the white (43.8%) and the black (32.08%);the white skin (92.5%) dominates over the pink skin (7.5%);the “Smooth-uniform” feather is dominant (97.08%), followed by the smooth-crested type (2.08%) and the fries type (0.82%);the medium size of the chickens is dominant (86.66%), followed by the dwarf size (9.58%) and the large size (3.75%). The results of this study demonstrate that there is a strong phenotypic diversity within the local chicken population. This diversity can serve as a basis for the development of selection, conservation and genetic potential improvement programs based on rational exploitation of the local chicken.

关键词： Morphological Characteristics Local Chicken Far North Cameroon

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Establishment of Diagnostic Reference Levels for Childhood Head CT in the District of Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2025年第1期15卷 45-52页

作者： Koutoua Joseph Anouan Raïssa-Michelle Kabas jean-Paul Kouao Aboubakar Sidiki Diabaté Nuclear Physics and Radiation Protection Team Training and Research Unit Sciences of the Structures of Matter and Technology University Flix Houphouet-Boigny of Abidjan Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Basic and Bioclinical Sciences Training and Research Unit Medical Sciences University Flix Houphouet-Boigny of Abidjan Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Radiodiagnosis and Medical Imaging University Hospital of Treichville Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Computed tomography is an indispensable X-ray imaging modality used to diagnose numerous pathologies, but it can also involve the delivery of high ionizing radiation doses harmful to the health of patients. This study aims to survey the level of radiation doses delivered to child patients during head exams in CT imaging to set up the Dosimetric Reference Levels (DRLs), a routine dose optimization tool, based on data acquired at the University Hospital of Angré (UHA), the University Hospital of Treichville (UHT) and the Polyclinic Hospital Farah (Farah) for optimizing procedures in Ivorian hospitals. Prospectively performed on 334 CT images of 186 child patients, this study was carried out on CT systems such as Hitachi Scenaria, Sinovision Insitum, and Philips Incisive used respectively at UHA, UHT and Farah. Children’s scan data were classified into four age bands: vol or dose-length product as DLP) value, whatever the hospital, increases with respect to the age of child patients. Based on the 75th percentile of the whole dose distributions, the DRLs of the CTDIvol is 54.37 mGy whatever the age groups and those of the DLP with respect to age bands are 1224.55 mGy∙cm, 1414.06 mGy∙cm, 1632.24 *** and 1544.57 mGy∙cm, respectively. The averaged values of CTDIvol and DLP smaller than the corresponding DRLs values suggest that practices in our three facilities are optimized. However, comparing our results with those from different international studies, we see that the CTDIvol and DLP values obtained in the present work are higher. These results suggest additional surveys to ensure our DRLs values and efforts from radiologists, imaging technicians and medical physicists to strengthen clinical procedures for the radiation protection of children undergoing CT scans in Côte d’Ivoire.

关键词： Computed Tomography Childhood Head Imaging Radiation Protection Diagnostic Reference Levels

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