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Environmental Impacts of Waste Management Deficiencies and Health Issues: A Case Study in the City of Kaya, Burkina Faso

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第10期4卷 1080-1087页

作者： Patricia Kafando Bila Gérard Segda jean Fidèle Nzihou jean koulidiati Ecole Normale Supérieure Université de Koudougou Koudougou Burkina Faso Institut de Génie de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable Université de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement Université de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In this study, a stratified survey sampling was used in order to broaden our knowledge on the management systems of household waste in the town of Kaya/Burkina Faso. Population study consists of households of the town of Kaya. The sample size was fist determined using the sample size calculation formula. Then four (04) strata comprising the town of Kaya sectors that have a Health and Social Promotion Center (HSPC) have been considered. A random household selection method, used inside each stratum and a number of 468 households representative of the town’s population, was surveyed. We have addressed all solid and liquid waste management strategies in those four strata. For each stratum, waste disposal infrastructure, its management in the households and its impacts on the town’s environment and populations’ health were screened. Data collected are presented through descriptive statistics in mean of tables and graphs. Frequently reported diseases in the four HSPCs have been correlated with waste management and disposal methods in the town. Poor handling, evacuation and disposal of waste have numerous negatives impacts on the city’s environment such as proliferation of mosquitoes and flies, bad odors, visual pollution. These negatives impacts on the environment in turn have negatives impacts on the health of the city residents. Malaria appears the most encountered disease followed by Acute Respiratory Infection and Diarrhea. Suggestions aimed at improving waste management and the reduction of its deficiencies impacts on the health of the population has been made.

关键词： Waste Management Kaya Environment Mosquitoes Sanitation Malaria Diarrhea

α-Endosulfan Removal from Water by Adsorption over Natural Clays from Burkina Faso: An Isothermal Study

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2014年第11期2卷 49-57页

作者： Arsène H. Yonli Hermann A. Kabore jean koulidiati Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Yser Lab and Studies Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The present study carried out the α-endosulfan removal from water by adsorption over natural clays from the western region of Burkina Faso. The adsorption experiments were performed over raw clay samples at room temperature in batch reactor and the obtained adsorption isotherms were well fitted by Fowler-Guggenheim model. It was pointed out for all samples that α-endosulfan was physisorbed in the interlayer space of the clay samples. The maximal adsorption capacities were respectively about 9.12, 6.98 and 4.13 mg/g for KO2, KO1 and KW1 samples. The differences in terms of adsorption capacity for the three samples were due to the presence of illite in the samples KO2 and KO1 when the KW1 sample contained essentially kaolinite in its structure. When the interlayer space was large enough as for samples with illite a greater amount of α-endosulfan molecules were adsorbed. It was also shown that the samples with the higher surface area were the most efficient for the removal of α-endosulfan molecules from water. Moreover, this study exhibited that the α-endosulfan adsorption depended on the crystallites size;the samples presenting largest crystallites had the greatest adsorption capacities.

关键词： α-Endosulfan Removal Water Natural Clays Burkina Faso

Characterization and Potential Recovery of Household Solid Waste in the City of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2018年第4期9卷 309-324页

作者： Kayaba Haro Issoufou Ouarma Bernard Nana Antoine Bere jean koulidiati Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This study on physical and physicochemical characteristics of household solid waste (HSW) in the city of Ouagadougou by using MODECOM, “Method of Characterization of Household waste” was done fifteen (15) years after the first study. Special attention has been paid to waste sampled and also to estimate energy content, namely the higher heating value (HHV) and the lower heating value (LHV). As a general tendency, the results showed a sensitive evolution in the physical parameters of waste (composition by size and composition by category) and also in the physicochemical parameters (moisture content and energy content). The results of HSW composition study showed that regardless the seasons, fermentable fraction is dominant (39% in the rainy season and 20% in the dry season) followed by plastics (18% in the rainy season and 20% in the dry season). The moisture content is measured to be 56.69% and 37.69% respectively in the rainy season and dry season. The results analysis of the potential of recovery showed that the organic recovery is more important (60% in the rainy season and 55% in the dry season) than the matter recovery (43% in the rainy season and 46% in the dry season). These results highlight the need for organic recovery and matter recovery of HSW in the city of Ouagadougou. The results from the analysis of the energy content showed that the HHV is estimated to be 17.94 MJ/kg in the rainy season and 17.96 MJ/kg in the dry season. The LHV is calculated to be 6.38 MJ/kg in the rainy season and 10.27 MJ/kg in the dry season. These results suggest that incineration as treatment of HSW in the city of Ouagadougou is not economically an appropriate option.

关键词： Waste Characterization Waste Recovery MODECOM Energy Content Calorific Value Ouagadougou

Assessment of Pollution Levels of Suspended Particulate Matter on an Hourly and a Daily Time Scale in West African Cities: Case Study of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第11期8卷 119-138页

作者： Issoufou Ouarma Bernard Nana Kayaba Haro Antoine Béré jean koulidiati Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut Des Sciences (IDS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologie (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In Western countries, research works on air quality have reinforced in recent years because of the links between the level of particulate pollution in numerous cities and the appearing of various health disorders including cardio-respiratory pathologies, acute bronchopneumonia, lung cancer, etc. In sub-Saharan Africa countries, particularly Burkina Faso, there is very few similar research. In the present work, the pollution levels of airborne particle in the city of Ouagadougou have been assessed through two campaigns of in situ measurements of suspended particulate matter concentrations. These measurements which have concerned PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 were performed using a portable device (AEROCET531S) at nine sites in 2018 and at ten sites in 2019. These sites are located on roadside, administrative services, secondary education establishments and outlying districts. The results show that: 1) the PM1 concentrations values presented no significant variation between days, seasons or sampling sites;2) the 24-hour PM2.5 concentrations often exceeding WHO recommended concentrations and, 3) the 24-hour PM10 concentrations exceed WHO recommended concentrations regardless of the season or the sampling site. In indeed, the average 24-hour concentrations are 20 ± 4, 87 ± 16 and 951 ± 266 μg·m−3 for the PM1, PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. They are 17 ± 3, 29 ± 5 and 158 ± 43 μg·m−3, respectively, in 2018 dry season and, 12 ± 1, 22 ± 9 and 187 ± 67 μg·m−3, respectively, in 2019 rainy season.

关键词： Urban Air Pollution PM1 PM2.5 PM10 AEROCET Ouagadougou

Simulation and Evaluation of Dust Emission with Polair3D-SIREAM Model over West Africa Focused on Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2019年第1期10卷 80-102页

作者： Bernard Nana Oumar Sanogo Issoufou Ouarma Antoine Béré jean koulidiati Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut des Sciences (IDS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The study of air pollution is recent in West Africa. There is a lack of data on air pollution. However, some studies conducted in West Africa show that air quality is a concern. Population growth and massive vehicles imports are contributing to the deterioration of this air quality. In this work, we present the modelling of desert aerosols using a CTM Polair3D-SIREAM. The objective is to evaluate the ability of Polair3D-SIREAM to reproduce observations of PM10 and Aerosol Optical Thicknesses (AOT). A simulation with Polair3D-SIREAM was carried out in West Africa, focused on Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) for 2007. The model of Marticorena and Bergametti (1995), MB95, was used to estimate desert aerosols emissions. The total emission of dust modelled is 52.2 Tg. For the evaluation of PM10, the simulated averages remained within the same orders of magnitude as the observed averages. Correlations are low in all the observation sites. The other indicators are similar to those found by Schmechtig et al. (2011). Performance criteria of Boylan and Russel (2006) are met for the observation sites of Ouagadougou and Ilorin (Nigeria). For the AOTs, the correlations are significantly improved, in particular, at the sites of Ouagadougou and Ilorin. Performance criteria of Boylan are met for all observation sites. However, the performance goals are only achieved for Ouagadougou and Ilorin.

关键词： Air Pollution Dust Emission Modelling PM10 Aerosol Optical Thickness Polair3D-SIREAM

Thermal Degradation of Polyethylene Bags and Millet Stalks: Influence of the Temperature and the Local Concentration of Oxygen on the Conversion Rate of Carbon

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2012年第1期2卷 155-165页

作者： Salifou K. Ouiminga Thomas Rogaume Tizane Daho Franck Richard jean koulidiati Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l"Environnement Universite de Ouagadougou Institut Pprime Departement Fluide

This paper concerns the influence of temperature and local concentration of oxygen on the conversion efficiency of carbon into CO, CO2, CH4, C3H8, C2H4, C2H2, C2H6, C6H6, during the thermal degradation of plastic bags and millet stalks. The experimental device used is the tubular kiln, coupled to an analyzer Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and a Non Dispersive Infrared analyzer (NDIR). Temperatures are considered between 800 and 1000°C. Local concentrations of oxygen during thermal degradation are 0%, 10% and 21%. On the one hand results obtained on the influence of temperature show that for each type of thermal degradation and whatever the temperature of the combustion, the rate of conversion of carbon remains substantially the same. In the case of plastic bags, the rate of carbon converted during pyrolysis is about 90% of carbon converted during reductive combustion. On the other hand, with millet stalks, the carbon converted represents only 60% of the rate of carbon converted during combustion to 10% oxygen. 1 to 2% of carbon not analyzed is in the form of aromatic compounds that are found most often in the soot and/or tar from this combustion system. Moreover, whatever the temperature, the overall efficiency of carbon conversion increases linearly with the local concentration of oxygen. During the thermal degradation of plastic bags, we see that the reducer environment has fostered the conversion of 7% of carbon more while the presence of oxygen in double proportion promotes the conversion of 27% carbon. Regarding the influence of the local content of oxygen, it is clear that for plastic bags, the reactions of oxidation of CO into CO2 tend to be favored for the benefit of those of hydrocarbons into CO. The formation of CO and CO2 by oxidation of light hydrocarbons is primarily from gaseous compounds CH4 and C2H4. At 950°C, we have also acetylene (C2H2) which is involved in the production of carbon oxides. At 1000°C, benzene (C6H6) heavily involved in the forma

关键词： Carbon Oxygen Pyrolysis Combustion Conversion Rate

Characterization of Two Different Stumps of Spirulina platensisDrying: Assessment of Water Transport Coefficient

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第15期6卷 1437-1449页

作者： Eloi Salmwendé Tiendrebeogo Alfa Oumar Dissa Fabien Cherblanc Issakha Youm jean-Claude Bé net Aboubacar Compaoré jean koulidiati Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de L’environnement (LPCE) Universit&eacute de Ouagadougou Oua-gadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Mé canique et gé nie Civil (LMGC) CNRS Universit&eacute de Montpellier Montpellier France Centre de Recherchesur les Energies Renouvelables (CERER) Universit&eacute Cheick Anta Diop Dakar S&eacute né gal

The sorption behaviour and water transport mechanisms inside Spirulina platensis samples were experimentally analysed during isothermal drying at 25℃ and 50℃. Two different products grown in semi-industrial farms from Burkina Faso and France with initial water contents respectively of the range from 2.73 kg w /kg dm to 3.12 kg w /kg dm were characterized. A novel procedure has been developed to determine the water content profiles inside samples during isothermal drying. At both temperatures, experimental results underlined that the physical properties of Spirulina are not sensitive to the geographical origin, Burkina-Faso or France. To keep Spirulina at an water activity below 0.6 in order to preserve it from micro-organisms development, sorption isotherm curves show that a sufficient requirement is to lower the water content until an upper limit of w = 0.075 db. The evolution of water transport coefficient as a function of water content highlights a monotonous exponential dependence with a transport coefficient ranging from 1.70 × 10–10 to 94 × 10–10 m2/s. The contribution of solid phase shrinkage to the transport of water is negligible for the last drying steps.

关键词： i>Spirulina platensis Isotherm Desorption Stump Water Content Water Transport Coefficient

Hygrothermal Study of a House Made of Local Biosourced Materials Based on Clay: Experimental Study

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第1期13卷 60-75页

作者： Sayouba Sandwidi Abdoulaye Compaore Kayaba Haro Téré Dabilgou Souleymane Sinon Oumar Sanogo jean koulidiati Antoine Bere Laboratoire de physique et de chimie de l’environnement (LPCE) Doctoral School of Science and Technology (ED/ST) University Joseph KI-ZERBO (UJKZ) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSAT/CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire de Ziniaré Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Formation and Research Unit in Exact and Applied Sciences (UFR/SEA) Laboratoire d’Energie Thermique et Renouvelable (LETRE) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The purpose of this study is to experimentally analyze the thermal behavior of the walls of a prototype experimental house. A Datalogger and thermocouples were used on the experimental house to determine the temperatures of the exterior and interior walls. Also, “MSR” type HygroPuce was used to determine the exterior and interior temperatures and relative humidity of the habitat. The results show that a wall made of bio-based materials with a mixture of “earth + Hibiscus cannabinus L. fibers” allows reducing the fluctuations of the interior temperatures. We observe the peaks of temperatures on the external walls at 11:00 am and for the interior walls, the peaks are observed at 5:00 pm. The maximum thermal phase shift between the peaks of the external and internal temperatures is about 7.5 hours, and the maximum damping factor is 0.9. Also, we note that the thermal performance of the material used in the design of the envelope of the house is determined by the improvement of the response of the envelope in front of the external thermal solicitations.

关键词： Thermal Dephasing Damping Factor Thermal Comfort Bioclimatic House

Contribution to the Design of a Pottery Kiln Using as Fuel a Mixture of Cellulosic and Plastic Materials: Influence of the Proportion of Plastic on the Emissions of NO, CO2, O2

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2012年第3期2卷 176-186页

作者： Salifou K. Ouiminga Thomas Rogaume Alfa Oumar Dissa Samuel Ouoba Tizane Daho jean koulidiati Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Environment University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Prime Institute Department Fluid Thermal Combustion ENSMA CNRS University of Poitiers Chasseneuil France.

This paper concerns the study of the influence of the proportion of plastic from polyethylene, on the yields of gas emissions during the combustion of the mixture of “millet stalks and polyethylene plastic bags”, in a prototype of kiln of potters. During these investigations, we looked at the rate of residual oxygen (O2) and emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen monoxide (NO), as a function of primary air flow (Q1) and secondary airflow (Q2). The potter’s kilns are considered those fueled by natural air flow. The primary air flows ranging from 45 to 85 Nm3?h 1 and secondary air flows from 20 to 60 Nm3?h 1. To conduct this numerical study, the model used is “reactor” based on the code CHEMKIN II. The modeled area is composed into a multitude of perfectly stirred reactors (PSR) and the kinetic model has 893 species and 113 reversible chemical reactions. The results show that in our test conditions, the increasing of the rate of plastic in the mixture produces a decrease of the residual oxygen content, due to higher oxygen consumption regardless of the airflow. The CO2 emissions are an increasing function of the rate of plastic (polyethylene) in the fuel mixture. Finally, NO emissions are increasing functions of the mass of plastic for a proportions less than or equal to 20%, and are essentially controlled by the temperature of the reactional medium.

关键词： Polyethylene Millet Stalks Numerical Simulation Gaseous Emissions