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ethnobotanical and Phytochemical Study of Medicinal Plants Sold in the Markets of the City of n’Djamena

Advances in Biological Chemistry 2024年第4期14卷 121-144页

作者： Djibrine Adoum Oumar Teissir Ibrahim Abakar Hama Cissé Salomon Madjitoloum Betoloum Adama Sawadogo je.n-ulrich muandze.nzambe.e.isée.mbayngone.abde.salam tidjani Aly Savadogo natural Substances Research Laboratory (nSRL) Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences (FEAS) University of NDjamena Chad Tchad Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology (LABI) Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Food Science and nutrition Research Laboratory (FSnRL) Faculty of Human Health Sciences (FHHS) University of NDjamena Chad Tchad

The use of medicinal plants occupies an important place in traditional Chadian medicine, this study was carried out with the aim of listing the medicinal plants sold in the markets of the city of n’Djamena, and knowledge of the medicinal flora Chad, such as the leaves of Guiera senegalensis in Arabic called Khibeche, the roots of Cassia occidentalis called Am kwala-Kinkéliba in Arabic;the bark of Khaya senegalensis (Desv) A. Juss called Muraї in Arabic and the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum called Helbé in Arabic in order to treat the most frequently cited diseases such as malaria, the common cold, mother and newborn care, and typhoid. ethnobotanical surveys were conducted from September to December 2022, in three markets in the city of n’Djamena, based on individual interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire, with 30 herbalists and traditional practitioners. Phytochemical screening analyses of the organs of four plants were carried out in the chemistry and biology laboratory of the Faculty of exact and Applied Sciences (FSeA) following a standard protocol established by [1] and slightly modified by [2] [3]. The results of the surveys identified 68 species divided into fifty-five (55) genera and twenty-seven (27) families, the most represented of which were Caesalpiniaceae (10 species), Mimosaceae (5 species) and Combretaceae (4 species). The leaves were the most commonly used parts (43%), with decoction (70%) the most frequently used method of preparation. The oral route was the most popular with 73% of recipes. The phytochemical study revealed a wealth of secondary metabolites such as Trapezoidal Sterols, Alkaloids, Tannins, Flavonoids, Free Quinones, Anthocyane, Anthraquinones, Saponosides and Heterosides. These results can be considered as a source of information for scientific research in the field of phytochemistry and pharmacology.

关键词： Chad (n’Djamena) Medicinal Plants ethnobotany Screening Phytochemistry

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Characterization and Assessment of the Quality of the Water and Sediments of the Islands (Moudou and Birguime) of Lake Fitri in Chad and Confirmation of the Strains Isolated by the PCR Method

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第9期14卷 430-447页

作者： Djibrine Adoum Oumar Adama Sawadogo Atteib Adam Baye Hama Cissé muandze nzambe je.n ulrich Zongo Oumaro Brahim Boy Jacques etame abdelsalam tidjani Zongo Cheikna Aly Savadogo natural Substances Research Laboratory (nSRL) Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences (FEAS) University of NDjamena Chad Tchad Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology (LABI) Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Geosciences Natural Resources and Environment Laboratory University of Douala Douala Cameroon Food Science and nutrition Research Laboratory (FSnRL) Faculty of Human Health Sciences (FHHS) University of NDjamena Chad Tchad

The problem of access to quality water is a major challenge, as it has a major impact on the socio-economic conditions of people in developing countries. The water from the islands of Lake Fitri is one of the main sources of drinking water for the population. The aim of this study is to characterise and assess the quality of the water and sediment from the islands (Moudou and Birguime) of Lake Fitri, and to confirm the strains isolated using the PCR method. A total of fifty (50) samples of water and fifty (50) sediments from the islands of Lake Fitri were analyzed. Standard methods of microbiological and biochemical analysis of water and sediments were used. Isolated enterobacteriaceae strains were characterized by API 20 e and API Staph galleries and Salmonella was confirmed by PCR method. Antibiotic resistance was determined using a technique recommended by the antibiogram committee of the French microbiology society (CA-SFM, 2019). The microbiological results for the water showed an abundance of total aerobic mesophilic flora (TAMF) (4.31 × 106 ± 8.05 × 105 and 5.29 × 106 ± 2.55 × 105) on the Birguime and Moudou islands successively. The microbiological results for the sediment from Birguime and Moudou islands showed an abundance of thermotolerant coliforms (e. coli) (2.05 × 105 ± 5.43 × 104 and 2.27 × 105 ± 3.49 × 104) alternately. The results obtained after incubation of the biochemical tests by the API 20e, API Staph gallery and their numerical profile proposed by the Api software confirmed the contamination. The antibiogram results showed the emergence of certain resistances to the antibiotics Tobramycin, Flucytosine, Amikacin and Teicoplani. The PCR results for Salmonella spp strains were confirmed. As a result, strict monitoring of the water on the various islands of Lake Fitri must be carried out throughout the annual cycle, by specialized personnel, to ensure proper bio-monitoring of these ecosystems.

关键词： Lake Fitri (Chad) Characterization Microbiological Biochemical Resistance and PCR

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Flow Dynamics during the Hydrocarbon exploitation for Prevention and Management of Water Venues in Oil Field: A Study Case of Crystal Field in Badila/Chad

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第5期15卷 433-448页

作者： Issakha tidjani Djimet Huguette Christiane emvoutou nicodème Djiedeu je.n-Pierre nguenang Laboratory of Fundamental Physics Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon Laboratory of Geosciences Natural Resources and Environment Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Douala Cameroon

The southern part of the Lake Chad basin is under the gas and oil petroleum industry due to its hydrocarbon potential for about twenty years. This project stands out as the main challenges of the hydrocarbon production and the management of fluxes particularly the groundwater venues. A comprehensive study is thus conducted to develop a dynamic and analytic model for diagnosing the production performances with a particular view on the management of groundwater venues. The three main concerned reservoirs subdivided on subunits evidence their proper characteristics. The porous media, their densities, the internal flows and the water injection techniques such as water flooding were thus adopted. The oil viscosity variability within the reservoirs creates different levels of mobility between water and oil, highlighting the challenges of water management. The material balance model and the behavior of the well analysis were taken in consideration within the identified aquifer, emphasizing the importance of keeping the pressure through injection. The control of water productions, the management of the reservoir, the well strategical position and the specific completions lead to the model functioning. In addition, the CO log and the Pulsed neutron indicate their limitations as a result of the water salinity and the porosity of the aquifer. The management of groundwater venues at Badila requires various approaches throughout the lifetime of the Crystal field such as the data acquisition and remediation actions and prevention, under a permanent monitoring of the dynamic fluxes in the reservoirs.

关键词： Groundwater Venues Analytic and Dynamic Model Water Flooding Optimization of Production

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Development and Characterization of Particle Boards Based on Sorghum Husk

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2460-2470页

作者： Hamed tidjani Tabe Gbian edem Chabi Valéry Kouandété Doko Kora Farid Carlos Yarou emmanuel Olodo Laboratory of Applied energy and Mechanics (LeMA) Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Laboratory of Rural engineering School of Rural Engineering National University of Agriculture Ketou Benin

This study tackles current environmental challenges by developing innovative and eco-friendly particle boards utilizing sorghum husk, combined with recycled expanded polystyrene (ePS). This dual eco-responsible approach valorizes sorghum husk, often deemed agricultural waste, and repurposes ePS, a plastic waste, thus contributing to CO2 emission reduction and effective waste management. The manufacturing process involves dissolving recycled polystyrene within a solvent to create a binder, which is then mixed with sorghum husk and cold-pressed into composite boards. The study explores the impact of two particle sizes (fine and coarse) and two different concentrations of the recycled ePS binder. Results demonstrate significant variations in the boards’ mechanical properties, displaying a range of Modulus of Rupture (MOR) from 0.84 MPa to 3.85 MPa, and Modulus of elasticity (MOe) spanning from 658.13 MPa to 1313.25 MPa, influenced by the binder concentration and particle size. These characteristics suggest that the boards can be effectively used in various construction applications, including interior decoration, false ceilings, and potentially for furniture and door manufacturing when combined with appropriate coatings. This study not only exemplifies the valorization of plastic and agricultural wastes but also offers a practical, localized solution to global climate change challenges by promoting sustainable construction materials.

关键词： eco-Material Bio-Sourced Material Sorghum Husk Particle Board Recycled expanded Polystyrene Sustainable Construction

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Cervical Myelopathy: Diagnostic Aspects, Surgical Treatment and evolution of Patients Operated upon in Yaounde

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Open Journal of Modern neurosurgery 2024年第1期14卷 72-82页

作者： Bello Figuim Djoubairou Ben Ousmanou Oumarou Haman nassourou ndome Toto Orlande Amadou tidjani Djientcheu Vincent de Paul Yaounde Central Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Yaounde Military Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Douala Douala Cameroon Douala General Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Douala Douala Cameroon Higher Institute of Health Sciences Université des Montagnes Bangangté Cameroon

Introduction: Although cervical myelopathy is the most common degenerative cervical spine pathology in adults, the indications and approaches of surgical treatment have not yet been clearly defined in the literature. Very few studies exist regarding these aspects in our setting, and they are mostly outdated. This study aimed to describe the diagnostic aspects, current surgical treatment with technical improvements, and progression in patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted a multicentre retrospective descriptive study over a 10-year period between January 2011 and January 2020 in three referral centres in Yaoundé. All patients who underwent surgery for cervical myelopathy were included. Results: Fifty-two patients were recruited. The rate of operated cervical myelopathies among all degenerative spinal pathologies was 14.05%. The M/F sex ratio was 3/1, and the average age was 52 ± 10 years. All included patients had gait problems, 90.38% demonstrated motor deficiency, and 67.30% experienced at least three levels of compression. Surgery was decided based on the nurick grade;a posterior approach was applied to 86.54% of patients. Postoperative progression showed a neurological improvement of 82% with an average follow-up of 4 years. Conclusion: In this study, the patients who underwent surgery were relatively young, their clinical presentations were mostly advanced, and surgical management showed good results in well-selected cases.

关键词： Cervical Myelopathy Diagnosis Treatment evolution Cameroon

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A deep semantic segmentation-based algorithm to segment crops and weeds in agronomic color images

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第3期9卷 355-364页

作者： Sovi Guillaume Sodjinou Vahid Mohammadi Amadou tidjani Sanda Mahama Pierre Gouton Institute of Mathematics and Physical Sciences University of Aboney CalaviDangboBenin ImViA UFR Sciences et TechniquesUniversite de BourgogneFranche-ComteDijonFrance

In precision agriculture,the accurate segmentation of crops and weeds in agronomic images has always been the center of *** methods have been proposed but still the clean and sharp segmentation of crops and weeds is a challenging issue for the images with a high presence of *** work proposes a segmentation method based on the combination of semantic segmentation and K-means algorithms for the segmenta-tion of crops and weeds in color *** images of two different databases were used for the segmentation *** the thresholding technique,everything except plants was removed from the ***,semantic segmentation was applied using U-net followed by the segmentation of crops and weeds using the K-means subtractive *** comparison of segmentation performance was made for the proposed method and K-Means clustering and superpixels *** proposed algorithm pro-vided more accurate segmentation in comparison to other methods with the maximum accuracy of equivalent to 99.19%.Based on the confusion matrix,the true-positive and true-negative values were 0.9952 and 0.8985 representing the true classification rate of crops and weeds,*** results indicated that the proposed method successfully provided accurate and convincing results for the segmentation of crops and weeds in the images with a complex presence of weeds.

关键词： Weed coverage Semantic segmentation Convolutional neural network Subtractive clustering algorithm Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC) K-means

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婴幼儿配方仿制乳稳定性和营养值的研究

婴幼儿配方仿制乳稳定性和营养值的研究

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作者： AMZA tidjani 江南大学

学位级别：硕士

在许多发展中国家牛奶供应匮乏,但花生、小米等农产品的产量很大,然而,其加工产品却很少。儿童,尤其是婴幼儿摄入蛋白质的量严重不足。本文成功地以花生、小米为丰要原料制备了具有牛奶类似组成且营养全面的新型婴幼儿配方仿制乳,从而能... 详细信息

在许多发展中国家牛奶供应匮乏,但花生、小米等农产品的产量很大,然而,其加工产品却很少。儿童,尤其是婴幼儿摄入蛋白质的量严重不足。本文成功地以花生、小米为丰要原料制备了具有牛奶类似组成且营养全面的新型婴幼儿配方仿制乳,从而能为5年龄以下的儿童提供必需的营养补充。先将花生和小米磨成浆,然后在花生奶和小米奶中添加脱脂奶粉、糊精、玉米油和卵磷脂,而制得婴幼儿配方仿制乳。使用动植物蛋白质比例为1:l、2:1和3:1的三种花生和小米的混合物开发一种高营养值和低成本的配方,从而作为营养缺乏儿童的食品。研究了稳定剂、热处理（77℃、82℃和87℃）和均质压力（13MPa、26 MPa、39 MPa）对产品黏度、颗粒大小、视觉稳定性和悬浮稳定性的影响。研究了由花生和小米制得的婴幼儿配方仿制乳的各种参数。结果表明,固体小米最佳的提取条件是:浸泡温度25℃,浸泡时间59min,浸泡物料和水的比例为1:1,研磨时物料和水的混合比例为l:6。花生磨浆的最适条件是:烘烤温度120℃,时间lOmin,浸泡温度25℃,时问6h,浸泡物料和水的比例1:2,磨浆时温度为60℃,物料和水的混合比例为l:8。考虑到理化性质和感观评定的结果,最佳的配方为:动植物蛋白质比为2:1,花生奶41.24%,小米奶50.92%,脱脂奶粉4.10%,麦芽糊精2.66%,卵磷脂O.12%和玉米油0.96%。婴幼儿配方仿制乳配方的组分为:水分含量86.74%,蛋白质2.70%,脂肪2.75%,灰分0.47%,碳水化合物7.34%,265.09千焦的热量。相比于商业配方“雅士利”和CODeX标准而言,该配方是可以做为婴幼儿配方的。该配方是筛选了不同的稳定剂和乳化剂,添加0.02%卡拉胶的配方与“雅士利”相比,其悬浮稳定性好、黏度低。 DSC热力学分析显示,婴幼儿配方仿制乳和商业配方“雅士利”中蛋白质变性温度分别为110.75℃和118.4l℃,变性焓变分别为2339.002J/g,3498.73J/g。相比于商业配方“雅士利”的氨基酸组分,婴幼儿配方仿制乳中富含所有必需氨基酸。 HPLC测定结果显示婴幼儿配方仿制乳中含有乳糖5.44mg/ml,麦芽糖1.65 mg/ml,葡萄糖1.27mg/ml和蔗糖0.62mg/ml。婴幼儿配方仿制乳和商业配方“雅士利”中不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为79.93%和50.37%。婴幼儿配方仿制乳中油酸和亚油酸含量分别为35.90%和42.41%,高于商业配方“雅士利”中的含量（分别为28.98%和18.74%）。这些结果表明婴幼儿配方仿制乳是油酸和亚油酸的良好来源,同时它也是高品质蛋白质的良好来源。

关键词：花生小米配方稳定性儿童食品

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婴儿配方仿制乳的研究

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食品与机械 2006年第5期22卷 27-31,51页

作者：张国农 AMZA tidjani 吕兵江南大学食品科学与安全教育部重点实验室无锡214036

研究了以花生和小米为主要原料制备婴儿配方仿制乳的诸多影响因素,结果表明:制备花生乳的最佳参数为:25℃下浸泡6h,磨浆时花生:水=1∶8。制备小米乳的最佳条件通过响应面分析为:25℃下浸泡59min,磨浆时米:水=1∶6。产品最佳配方是在0.5... 详细信息

研究了以花生和小米为主要原料制备婴儿配方仿制乳的诸多影响因素,结果表明:制备花生乳的最佳参数为:25℃下浸泡6h,磨浆时花生:水=1∶8。制备小米乳的最佳条件通过响应面分析为:25℃下浸泡59min,磨浆时米:水=1∶6。产品最佳配方是在0.5份花生乳和1份小米乳的混合乳中加入脱脂奶粉3.34%(质量分数,下同)、麦芽糊精1.77%、卵磷脂0.0628%和玉米油1.194%。最终产品的理化指标等与市售的“雅士利”婴儿配方食品完全一致。

关键词：小米花生浸泡配方

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electromagnetic Coupling Modeling of Microstrip Lines Used in Switching Power Supplies

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Journal of Control Science and engineering 2013年第1期1卷 55-59页

作者： nassima tidjani je.n-Charles Le Bunetel Ali Ouchar Yves Raingeaud LTSS (Laboratory of Telecommunication Signals and System) University of Amar Telidji Laghouat 03000 Algeria GReMAn (Research Group on Materials Microelectronics and Acoustics Nanotechnology) University of Tours Tours 37200 France

One of the major problems in electromagnetic compatibility is the interference due to erosstalk on the PCB （printed circuit board） in the SiP （system-in-package） technology. In this work, electromagnetic coupling modeling of coupled microstrip lines used in switching power supplies is presented. The different blocks which are connected through buses realized on PCBs will be considered as a coupled transmission line. The coupled microstrip transmission lines are modeled by a mathematical model based on the MoM （method of moments）. This model is done by Maflab routines. A SPICe （simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis） model is proposed for the prediction of the neXT （near^crosstalk） and the FeXT （far-crosstalk） at the terminals of the command line. This command line is often victim of electromagnetic interference emitted by a transmission line source close. Some solutions against crosstalk depending on the physical parameters of the coupled transmission lines are proposed.

关键词： Crosstalk PCB SiP microstrip neXT FeXT.

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Assessment of Domestic Wastewater Management Practices in the Communal District I of Maradi City, niger Republic

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Journal of Geoscience and environment Protection 2015年第8期3卷 57-65页

作者： Ousmane Laminou Manzo Hassidou Saidou salamatou Abdourahamane Illiassou Saoudé tidjani Idrissa Department of Agricultural engineering and Water & Forests Faculty of Agronomy and Environmental Sciences Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi Maradi Niger Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi Maradi Niger Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi Maradi Niger

Wastewater treatment is a problem with much acuity in the city of Maradi in general, and particularly in the Communal District I of Maradi. It is for this reason that the present study was conducted which deals with wastewater sanitation. The main objective of this study conducted through a survey is to investigate in the domestic wastewater sanitation in the Communal District I of Maradi city. Specifically, the study aims to estimate the amount of wastewater produced by households and to analyze the sanitation system at household and at district levels. The wastewater management practices in this district were assessed through a descriptive cross sectional study in which a total of 129 households were selected by sample distribution technique in the district neighborhoods and studied using interviewer and administered questionnaires at communal and household levels. The results of the study showed that the amount of domestic wastewater generated is quite large, about 32.27 m3 per person per day, and this comes from several sources including showers, laundry, dishwashing and income generating activities. The results also revealed that the unhealthy state of the Communal District I of Maradi is related to the absence of a wastewater treatment system, the methods and practices used in its management, and the population is also largely responsible for this unhealthy state and not willing to participate to a sanitation project.

关键词： Domestic Wastewater Sanitation Communal District I of Maradi Management Practices

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