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Trials and tribulations of playing the devil's advocate

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2015年第1期15卷 1-14页

作者： jayant V.Narlikar Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India

Beginning with his student days at school and college, the author describes his training at Cambridge with special emphasis on his mentor Fred Hoyle. His early experience of participating in a controversy at Cambridge played a major role in giving him the confidence to defend his scientific ideas. All through his later life he chose areas that were not part of mainstream research. These included the steady state theory and later the quasi steady state cosmology, action at a distance, noncosmological redshifts, quantum conformal cosmology, etc. After being a founding member of the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy（IOTA） at Cambridge, the author joined the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research（TIFR） in Mumbai and later moved to Pune to set up the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics（IUCAA）. He briefly reviews his own work and ends by pointing out the difficulties a non-conformist scientist faces in his professional life. In the conclusion, he mentions his interests in science popularization and science fiction for which he has won awards and appreciation, including UNESCO’s Kalinga Prize.

关键词： autobiography cosmology sociology of astronomy

Plant trait estimation and classification studies in plant phenotyping using machine vision - A review

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2023年第1期10卷 114-135页

作者： Shrikrishna Kolhar jayant Jagtap Symbiosis International(Deemed University)(SIU) LavalePuneIndia VPKBIET BaramatiMaharashtraIndia Symbiosis Institute of Technology(SIT) Symbiosis International(Deemed University)(SIU)LavalePuneMaharashtraIndia

Today there is a rapid development taking place in phenotyping of plants using non-destructive image based machine vision *** vision based plant phenotyping ranges from single plant trait estimation to broad assessment of crop canopy for thousands of plants in the *** phenotyping systems either use single imaging method or integrative approach signifying simultaneous use of some of the imaging techniques like visible red,green and blue(RGB)imaging,thermal imaging,chlorophyll fluorescence imaging(CFIM),hyperspectral imaging,3-dimensional(3-D)imaging or high resolution volumetric *** paper provides an overview of imaging techniques and their applications in the field of plant *** paper presents a comprehensive survey on recent machine vision methods for plant trait estimation and *** this paper,information about publicly available datasets is provided for uniform comparison among the state-of-the-art phenotyping *** paper also presents future research directions related to the use of deep learning based machine vision algorithms for structural(2-D and 3-D),physiological and temporal trait estimation,and classification studies in plants.

关键词： Plant phenotyping Machine vision Plant trait estimation Imaging techniques Leaf segmentation and counting Plant classification studies

STUDY ON PHOTODYNAMIC AND PHOTORESPONSIVE AZO POLYELECTROLYTES

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2000年第4期18卷 337-342页

作者： Srinivasan Balasubraminian jayant Kumar Sukant K.Tripathy Center for Advanced Materials University of Massachusetts Lowell. MA01854. USACenter for Advanced Materials University of Massachusetts Lowell. MA01854. USACenter for Advanced Materials University of Massachusetts Lowell. MA01854. USA

Several kinds of novel azobenzene-containing polyelectrolytes with special molecular design have been developed from acryloyl chloride or epoxy based precursor polymers. The acryloyl chloride based precursor polymer, poly(acryloyl chloride), was prepared by free radical polymerization of acryloyl chloride. The azo polyelectrolytes were prepared by an esterification reaction between the precursor polymer and corresponding azo chromophores containing a reactive hydroxyl group, followed by hydrolysis of the unreacted acyl chloride groups. The epoxy based precursor polymer was prepared by the reaction between 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol diglycidyl ether and aniline, and postfunctionalized by azo coupling reaction to form azo polymers containing chromophores with ionizable groups. The polyelectrolytes were characterized by elemental analysis, H-1-NMR, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photodynamic and photoresponsive properties, as well as self-assembly of these azo polyelectrolytes are reported in this paper([1]).

关键词： azo polyelectrolyte photodynamic photoresponsive self-assembly

Multidimensional Model for Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Flooding: An Empirical Study in Pakistan

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第3期9卷 359-375页

作者： Irfan Ahmad Rana jayant K.Routray Department of Urban and Regional Planning (URP) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Regional and Rural Development Planning (RRDP) and Disaster Preparedness Mitigation and Management (DPMM) Department of Development and SustainabilityAsian Institute of Technology

Urban flooding has become a regular phenomenon in many towns and cities in the Asia Pacific region over the past years. Professionals associated with disaster management and climate change are at the forefront of addressing urban flooding. To reduce flood risks,vulnerability and its components must be *** assessment methods are diverse and complex, with a varied nature of understanding the key terms used in various contexts, and this diversity ultimately reflects on the interpretation of results in research *** interpretations and definitions exist in the disaster risk and climate change literature, complicating the process of astute and comprehensive vulnerability assessment. The main purpose of this study was to quantify vulnerability indicators and develop a multidimensional model for vulnerability assessment. Vulnerability is explored through the lens of five dimensions: social, economic, physical/infrastructural, institutional, and attitudinal. This methodology is applied to urban flooding in Pakistan, to verify the proposed model. Three study sites in urban areas with different population sizes, situated in high-risk flood zones in the Punjab Province of Pakistan were selected for empirical investigation. A household survey was conducted, and indices were developed for each dimension based on welldefined indicators. The proposed methodology for vulnerability assessment was tested and found operational. This method can be replicated irrespective of spatial scales and can be modified for other disasters by streamlining hazard specific indicators.

关键词： Pakistan Punjab Urban flooding Vulnerability assessment

A critique of supernova data analysis in cosmology

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2010年第12期10卷 1195-1198页

作者： Ram Gopal Vishwakarma jayant V. Narlikar Unidad Académica de Matemáticas Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics

Observational astronomy has shown significant growth over the last decade and has made important contributions to cosmology. A major paradigm shift in cosmology was brought about by observations of Type Ia supernovae. The notion that the universe is accelerating has led to several theoretical challenges. Unfortunately, although high-quality supernovae data-sets are being produced, their statistical anal- ysis leaves much to be desired. Instead of using the data to directly test the model, several studies seem to concentrate on assuming the model to be correct and limiting themselves to estimating model parameters and internal errors. As shown here, the important purpose of testing a cosmological theory is thereby vitiated.

关键词： cosmology: observations -- supernovae Ia: general

The local contribution to the microwave background radiation

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2015年第4期15卷 461-474页

作者： Jean-Claude Pecker jayant V.Narlikar Francois Ochsenbein Chandra Wickramasinghe College de France Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Centre de Donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg (CDS) Observatoire de Strasbourg11rue de l’Universite 67000 StrasbourgFrance Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology University of Buckingham

The observed microwave background radiation （MBR） is commonly in- terpreted as the relic of an early hot universe, and its observed features （spectrum and anisotropy） are explained in terms of properties of the early universe. Here we describe a complementary, even possibly alternative, interpretation of MBR, first proposed in the early 20th century, and adapt it to modern observations. For example, the stellar Hipparcos data show that the energy density of starlight from the Milky Way, if suit- ably thermalized, yields a temperature of ~2.81 K. This and other arguments given here strongly suggest that the origin of MBR may lie, at least in a very large part, in re-radiation of thermalized galactic starlight. The strengths and weaknesses of this alternative radical explanation are discussed.

关键词： Galaxy: stellar content -- (cosmology:) cosmic microwave background-- cosmology: observations

Supplementation of grape pomace(Vitis vinifera) in broiler diets and its effect on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients,blood profile,and meat quality

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第2期4卷 210-214页

作者： Siska Aditya Sang-Jip Ohh Musabbir Ahammed jayant Lohakare College of Animal Life Sciences Kangwon National University Department of Agriculture e Animal Science University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff

This experiment was conducted to explore the efficacy of grape pomace(Vitis vinifera) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, blood profile, and meat quality in commercial *** hundred broiler chicks(3-d-old) were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments for 28 *** treatment had 5 replicates with 20 birds per *** dietary treatments were 1) control, 2)5 g/kg grape pomace(GP), 3) 7.5 g/kg GP, and 4) 10 g/kg GP supplemented in diets after *** of GP did not show linear effects(P > 0.05) on body weight(BW) gain, however, quadratic effects(P 0.05) any effect due to GP supplementation, except a quadratic trend(P=0.07) for digestibility of ash was *** levels of glucose, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were not affected(P > 0.05), however,total cholesterol and serum immunoglobulin G levels showed quadratic effects(P < 0.05) due to GP *** thio-barbituric acid reactive substances values in breast meat linearly decreased(P < 0.01) in supplemented groups at 0, 5, and 10 d of storage showing linear effects due to GP supplementation, and quadratic effects were also observed at 5 and 10 d of *** meat color value such as redness was also decreased(P < 0.05) in supplemented groups showing both linear and quadratic ***, it could be concluded that GP supplementation showed quadratic effects on BW gain during early growth stages and was effective in reducing serum cholesterol level and improving meat quality parameters in broilers.

关键词： Broiler Digestibility Growth Immunity Meat quality Grape pomace

Systematic comparison of hydrogen production from fossil fuels and biomass resources

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第6期10卷 192-200页

作者： Kang Peng Gary Morrow Zhang Xiaolei Wang Tipeng Tan Zhongfu jayant Agarwal Institute of Energy Economics and Environment School of Economics and ManagementNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Queen’s University BelfastBelfast BT95AHUnited Kingdom National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment School of Renewable Energy EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering RoorkeeUttarakhand 247667India

Fossil fuels are the main energy source to satisfy the worldwide energy ***,the energy demands are increasing and the supply of fossil fuels is decreasing,thus many countries are looking for other fuel *** from the traditional fuels,hydrogen is considered as one of the most promising energy sources due to its intrinsic features such as clean,efficient,safe and *** novel technologies for hydrogen production from renewable sources(such as biomass)becomes a core area for the investigation of hydrogen *** this work,different pathways for hydrogen production including steam reforming,electrolysis,and biomass gasification have been systematically compared in terms of yield and *** comparison is unique since the systematic evaluation was conducted from many aspects for all the hydrogen production pathways,especially those by involving the biomass gasification that still lack of available *** assessment methods involved energy analysis,exergy analysis and economic *** was concluded that steam reforming remains the cheapest method of hydrogen production at 1.748$/kg,however,steam reforming is not an ideal process currently or for the future,gasification and electrolysis remains competitive with high yield but requires relatively high initial and annual *** biomass gasification,though its energy efficiency is lower than steam reforming,it has relatively higher mass yield,demonstrating the feasibility of this process for hydrogen *** for biomass gasification,the selection of correct feedstock is a key to maximize its yield,i.e.a yield of 82.47%is possible with corn stover fed gasification.

关键词： hydrogen production biomass feedstock gasification pyrolysis fossil fuel techno-economic assessment exergy

Biocatalytic Synthesis of Fluorescent Conjugated Polyserotonin

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2019年第2期7卷 205-214页

作者： Weeradech Kiratitanavit Ferdinando F.Bruno Zhiyu Xia Shiran Yu jayant Kumar Ramaswamy Nagarajan Department of Plastics Engineering University of Massachusetts LowellLowell01854USA Soldier Protection and Survivability Directorate US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier CenterNatick01760USA Center for Advanced Materials University of Massachusetts LowellLowell01854USA.4Department of Physics&Applied PhysicsUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowell01854USA Department of Physics&Applied Physics University of Massachusetts LowellLowell01854USA

Polyserotonin was enzymatically synthesized using Horseradish peroxidase(HRP)as the *** novel conjugated polymer exhibited good fluorescent properties with significantly higher Stokes shift than its *** enzymatic polymerization eliminated the need for extensive purification of the product(typically necessary for the removal of residual metal catalyst)allowing the product to be naturally fluorescent as *** reaction was monitored using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and the polymers were characterized using Fluorescence,Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)and *** possibility of using polyserotonin for the detection of nitro-aromatic compounds,including 2,4-dinitrotoluene(DNT)and trinitrotoluene(TNT),through fluorescence quenching at parts per million levels in solution has also been demonstrated.

关键词： Polyserotonin enzymatic polymerization fluorescence sensing