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Sensing of Moisture Content of In-Shell Peanuts by NIR Reflectance Spectroscopy

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Journal of Sensor Technology 2012年第1期2卷 1-7页

作者： jaya sundaram Chari V. Kandala Konda Naganathan Govindarajan Jeyam Subbiah Bio-Systems Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln USA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Peanut Research Laboratory Dawson USA

It was found earlier that moisture content (MC) of intact kernels of grain and nuts could be determined by Near Infra Red (NIR) reflectance spectrometry. However, if the MC values can be determined while the nuts are in their shells, it would save lot of labor and money spent in shelling and cleaning the nuts. Grain and nuts absorb low levels of NIR, and when NIR radiation is incident on them, a substantial portion of the radiation is reflected back. Thus, studying the NIR reflectance spectra emanating from in-shell peanuts, an attempt is made for the first time to determine the MC of in-shell peanuts. In-shell peanuts of two different market types, Virginia and Valencia, were conditioned to different moisture levels between 6% and 26% (wet basis), and separated into calibration and validation groups. NIR absorption spectral data from 1000 nm to 2500 nm in 1 nm intervals were collected from both groups. Measurements were obtained on 30 replicates within each moisture level. Reference MC values for each moisture level in these groups were obtained using standard air-oven method. Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis was performed on the calibration data, and prediction models were developed. The Standard Error of Calibration (SEC), and R2 of the calibration models were computed to select the best calibration model. The selected models were used to predict the moisture content of peanuts in the validation sets. Predicted MC values of the validation samples were compared with their standard air-oven moisture values. Goodness of fit was determined based on the lowest Standard Error of Prediction (SEP) and highest R2 value obtained for the prediction models. The model, with reflectance plus normalization spectral data with an SEP of 0.74 for Valencia and 1.57 for Virginia type in-shell peanuts was selected as the best model. The corresponding R2 values were 0.98 for both peanut types. This work establishes the possibility of sensing MC of intact in-shell peanuts by NIR ref

关键词： In-Shell Peanuts NIR Spectroscopy Pretreatments Partial Least Square Standard Error of Prediction Relative Percent Deviation

Application of NIR Reflectance Spectroscopy on Rapid Determination of Moisture Content of Wood Pellets

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第12期6卷 923-932页

作者： jaya sundaram Sudhagar Mani Chari V. K. Kandala Ronald A. Holser College of Engineering University of Georgia Athens USA National Peanut Research Laboratory Dawson USA Russell Research Center Athens USA

NIR spectroscopy was used to measure the moisture concentration of wood pellets. Pellets were conditioned to various moisture levels between 0.63% and 14.16% (wet basis) and the moisture concentration was verified using a standard oven method. Samples from various moisture levels were separated into two groups, as calibration and validation sets. NIR absorption spectral data from 400 nm to 2500 nm with 0.5 nm intervals were collected using pellets within the calibration and validation sample sets. Spectral wavelength ranges were taken as independent variables and the MC of the pellets as the dependent variable for the analysis. Measurements were obtained on 30 replicates within each moisture level. Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis was performed on both raw and preprocessed spectral data of calibration set to determine the best calibration model based on Standard Error of Calibration (SEC) and coefficient of multiple determinations (R2). The PLS model that yielded the best fit was used to predict the moisture concentration of validation group pellets. Relative Percent Deviation (RPD) and Standard Error of Prediction (SEP) were calculated to validate goodness of fit of the prediction model. Baseline and Multiple Scatter Corrected (MSC) reflectance spectra with 1st derivative model gave the highest RPD value of 4.46 and R2 of 0.95. Also it’s SEP (0.670) and RMSEP (0.782) were less than the other models those had RPD value more than 3.0 with less number of factors. Therefore, this model was selected as the best model for moisture content prediction of wood pellets.

关键词： Wood Pellets NIR Reflectance Spectroscopy Moisture Content Partial Least Square Relative Percent Deviation

Theoretical prediction and validation of global horizontal solar irradiance for a tropical climate in India

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Frontiers in Energy 2015年第3期9卷 311-321页

作者： Sivasankari sundaram Jakka SARAT CHANDRA BABU Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli 620015 India

This paper aims to propose monthly models responsible for the theoretical evaluation of the global horizontal irradiance of a tropical region in India which is Sivagangai situated in Tamilnadu. The actual measured global horizontal irradiance hails from a 5 MW solar power plant station located at Sivagangai in Tamilnadu. The data were monitored from May 2011 to April 2013. The theoretical assessment was conducted differently by employing a programming platform called Microsoft Visual Basic 2010 Express. A graphical user interface was created using Visual Basic 2010 Express, which provided the evaluation of empirical parameters for model formulation such as daily sunshine duration （5）, maximum possible sunshine hour duration （S0）, extra terrestrial horizontal global irradiance （H0） and extra terrestrial direct normal irradiance （G0）. The proposed regression models were validated by the significance of statistical indicators such as mean bias error, root mean square error and mean percentage error from the predicted and the actual values for the region considered. Comparison was made between the proposed monthly models and the existing normalized models for global horizontal irradiance evaluation.

关键词： global horizontal irradiance (GHI) mean biaserror root mean square error mean percentage error,coefficient of regression Visual Basic 2010 Express

A comprehensive review on clinical outcome of probiotic and synbiotic therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第3期8卷 179-186页

作者： Bhagavathi sundaram Sivamaruthi Innovation Center for Holistic Health Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals Faculty of Pharmacy Chiang Mai University

The composition of gut microflora and its metabolic activity are closely correlated with the host immune system, and the changes in the biometric of the microbiome lead to inflammatory diseases like inflammatory bowel disease. The supplementation of probiotics and synbiotic could indeed manipulate the microflora, which can be an alternative therapy for ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Several in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies for the initiation and maintenance of remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease have been *** studies evaluated the efficacy of many probiotic formulations, especially about VSL#*** though the clinical studies proved that almost all the probiotic interventions are safe and bring improvement to patients, some studies are deficient in sample size, proper controls, and follow-ups. This paper summarizes the possible mechanism of inflammatory bowel disease development, probiotics, the clinical outcome of probiotic and synbiotic interventions for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as the adverse effect of probiotic treatments.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Probiotic Synbiotic

Liquid vaporization under thermodynamic phase non-equilibrium condition at the gas-liquid interface

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2020年第12期63卷 2649-2656页

作者： WANG XingJian LAFON Patrick sundaram Dilip YANG Vigor Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering Florida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFlorida 32901USA Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Liquid vaporization under thermodynamic phase non-equilibrium condition at the gas-liquid interface is investigated over a wide range of fluid state typical of many liquid-fueled energy conversion systems. The validity of the phase-equilibrium assumption commonly used in the existing study of liquid vaporization is examined using molecular dynamics theories. The interfacial mass flow rates on both sides of the liquid surface are compared to the net vaporization rate through an order-of-magnitude *** indicated that the phase-equilibrium assumption holds valid at relatively high pressures and low temperatures,and for droplets with relatively large initial diameters(for example,larger than 10 μm for vaporizing oxygen droplets in gaseous hydrogen in the pressure range from 10 atm to the oxygen critical state). Droplet vaporization under superheated conditions is also explored using classical binary homogeneous nucleation theory,in conjunction with a real-fluid equation of state. It is found that the bubble nucleation rate is very sensitive to changes in saturation ratio and pressure;it increases by several orders of magnitude when either the saturation ratio or the pressure is slightly increased. The kinetic limit of saturation ratio decreases with increasing pressure,leading to reduced difference between saturation and superheat conditions. As a result,the influence of nonequilibrium conditions on droplet vaporization is lower at a higher pressure.

关键词： liquid vaporization droplet vaporization superheated vaporization thermodynamic phase equilibrium thermodynamic phase non-equilibrium vapor nucleation

Infections in Alcoholic Hepatitis

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第4期10卷 718-725页

作者： Bhupinder Kaur Russell Rosenblatt Vinay sundaram Internal Medicine Department Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Comprehen-sive Transplant Center Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA

Severe alcoholic hepatitis (sAH) is defined by a modified discriminant function ≥32 or model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) >20. Patients with sAH are in an immu-nocompromised state attributed to cirrhosis-related immu-noparesis and corticosteroid use. Individuals with sAH often develop severe infections that adversely impact short-term prognosis. Currently, the corticosteroid prednisolone is the only treatment with proven efficacy in sAH;however, the combination of corticosteroid treatment and altered host defense in sAH has been thought to increase the risk of acquiring of bacterial, opportunistic fungal, and viral infec-tions. Newer studies have shown that corticosteroids do not increase occurrence of infections in those with sAH;unfor-tunately, the lack of response to corticosteroids may instead predispose to infection development. Prompt and appropri-ate antibiotic treatment is therefore essential to improving patient outcomes. This review highlights common infections and risk factors in patients with sAH. Additionally, current diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic strategies in these patients are discussed.

关键词： Alcoholic hepatitis Infections Corticosteroids STOPAH Antibiotic treatment Aspergillosis Immunodeficiency Alcoholic liver disease

Mechanical property and biocompatibility of co-precipitated nano hydroxyapatite-gelatine composites

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2015年第3期4卷 237-243页

作者： Huirong LE Kiruthika NATESAN sundaram PRANTI-HARAN School of Marine Science and Engineering Plymouth UniversityUnited Kingdom Peninsular Schools of Medicine and Dentistry Plymouth UniversityUnited Kingdom School of Engineering Physics and MathematicsUniversity of DundeeUnited Kingdom

Uniform and well dispersed nano hydroxyapatite(HA)-gelatine composites were obtained by co-precipitation of hydroxyapatite and denatured calf skin *** process allowed much higher concentration of hydroxyapatite to be produced over conventional hydrothermal process to improve the *** effect of gelatine on the morphology,mechanical properties,and biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite particles was *** cell tests of the consolidated hydroxyapatite-gelatine composites showed that the composites have excellent biocompatibility.

关键词： biomaterials nanocomposites hydroxyapatite(HA) gelatine biocompatibility

Anti-hyperglycemic property of Hericium erinaceus --A mini review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第11期7卷 1036-1040页

作者： Chaiyavat Chaiyasut Bhagavathi sundaram Sivamaruthi Innovation Center for Holistic Health Nutraceuticalsand CosmeceuticalsFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityThailand

Hericium erinaceus(H. erinaceus) is one of the widely used edible mushrooms around the world, primarily in Asian countries. H. erinaceus is used in traditional medicines, and mushroom based foods. The fruiting body and mycelia of H. erinaceus are extracted using the solvents, and several bioactive compounds were identified. Several studies have reported that those bioactive compounds exhibit many health benefits such as hemagglutinating, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-aging activities, etc. This manuscript consciously updated the information about the composition of H. erinaceus, H. erinaceus based foods, and anti-hyperglycemic property of H. erinaceus.

关键词： Anti-hyperglycemic Diabetes Fermented Hericium erinaceus juice Hericium erinaceus Polysaccharides

Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 in secondary care hospitals in India:will standalone serology suffice?

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第1期17卷 8-9页

作者： Sara Chandy sundaram Balasubramanian Anand Manoharan Molecular Laboratory The CHILDS Trust Medical Research FoundationChennaiTamil Nadu 600034India Department of Pediatrics Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust HospitalChennaiTamil Nadu 600034India

RT-PCR is the accepted gold standard for diagnosis of *** specificity of RT-PCR is very good,but its sensitivity largely depends on the type of sample collected,timing of collection,clinical sampling protocol,and nucl... 详细信息

关键词： diagnosis specificity clinical