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PyLUR:Efficient software for land use regression modeling the spatial distribution of air pollutants using GDAL/OGR library in Python

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第3期14卷 89-102页

作者： Xuying Ma Ian Longley Jennifer Salmond jay Gao School of Environment Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AucklandAuckland 1010New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Auckland 1010New Zealand

Land use regression(LUR)models have been widely used in air pollution *** regressionbased approach estimates the ambient pollutant concentrations at un-sampled points of interest by considering the relationship between ambient concentrations and several predictor variables selected from the surrounding *** conceptually quite simple,its successful implementation requires detailed knowledge of the area,expertise in GIS,statistics,and programming skills,which makes this modeling approach relatively inaccessible to novice *** this contribution,we present a LUR modeling and pollution-mapping software named *** uses GDAL/OGR libraries based on the Python platform and can build a LUR model and generate pollutant concentration maps *** self-developed software comprises four modules:a potential predictor variable generation module,a regression modeling module,a model validation module,and a prediction and mapping *** performance of the newly developed PyLUR is compared to an existing LUR modeling software called RLUR(with similar functions implemented on R language platform)in terms of model accuracy,processing efficiency and software *** results show that PyLUR out-performs RLUR for modeling in the Bradford and Auckland case studies ***,PyLUR is much more efficient in data processing and it has a capability to handle detailed GIS input data.

关键词： LUR Air pollution modelling GIS spatial analysis GDAL/OGR Python Pollutant concentration mapping

Effect of struvite and organic acids on immobilization of copper and zinc in contaminated bio-retention filter media

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第11期32卷 35-44页

作者： Chathurani Moragaspitiya jay Rajapakse Graeme J.Millar Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology(QUT)Queensland 4000Australia

Few studies have been carried out to connect nutrient recovery as struvite from wastewater and sustainable utilization of the recovered struvite for copper and zinc immobilization in contaminated *** study revealed the effect of struvite on Cu and Zn immobilization in contaminated bio-retention soil in the presence of commonly exuded plant organic *** research hypothesis was that the presence of both struvite and organic acids may influence the immobilization of Cu and Zn in *** outcome of this research confirmed that more than 99%of Cu and Zn was immobilized in bio-retention filter media by struvite ***-soluble Cu and Zn concentrations of struvite treated soil were less than 1.83 and 0.86 mg/kg respectively,and these concentrations were significantly lower compared to the total Cu and Zn content of 747.05 mg/kg in the contaminated *** of struvite to Cu-and Zn-contaminated soil resulted in formation of compounds similar to zinc phosphate tetrahydrate(Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O)and amorphous Cu and Zn *** was effective in heavy metal remediation in acidic soil regardless of the presence of Ca impurities in struvite and the presence of plant organic acids in ***,this study revealed that struvite recovered from wastewater treatment plants has potential for use as an amendment for heavy metal remediation in contaminated bio-retention soil.

关键词： Immobilization Struvite Organic acids Heavy metal Contaminated soil Bio-retention

A new four-dimensional chaotic system with first Lyapunov exponent of about 22,hyperbolic curve and circular paraboloid types of equilibria and its switching synchronization by an adaptive global integral sliding mode control

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第4期27卷 214-227页

作者： jay Prakash Singh Binoy Krishna Roy Zhouchao Wei Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Silchar Silchar 788010 India School of Mathematics and Physics China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

This paper presents a new four-dimensional（4 D） autonomous chaotic system which has first Lyapunov exponent of about 22 and is comparatively larger than many existing three-dimensional（3 D） and 4 D chaotic *** proposed system exhibits hyperbolic curve and circular paraboloid types of *** system has all zero eigenvalues for a particular case of an equilibrium *** system has various dynamical behaviors like hyperchaotic,chaotic,periodic,and *** system also exhibits coexistence of *** behavior of the new system is validated using circuit *** an interesting switching synchronization phenomenon is proposed for the new chaotic *** adaptive global integral sliding mode control is designed for the switching synchronization of the proposed *** the switching synchronization,the synchronization is shown for the switching chaotic,stable,periodic,and hybrid synchronization *** of the controller designed in the paper is compared with an existing controller.

关键词： new hyperchaotic system maximum chaos an infinite number of equilibria hidden attractors switching synchronization global sliding mode control

Detection of internal crack growth in polyethylene pipe using guided wave ultrasonic testing

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第2期23卷 319-329页

作者： jay Kumar Shah Hao Wang Said El-Hawwat Centre of Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation RutgersThe State University of New JerseyNJ 08854USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering RutgersThe State University of New JerseyNJ 08854USA

Despite the success of guided wave ultrasonic inspection for internal defect detection in steel pipes,its application on polyethylene(PE)pipe remains relatively *** growth of internal cracks in PE pipe severely affects its pressure-holding capacity,hence the early detection of internal cracks is crucial for effective pipeline maintenance *** study extends the scope of guided wave-based ultrasonic testing to detect the growth of internal cracks in a natural gas distribution PE *** experiments and a finite element model were planned to study the wave-crack interaction at different stages of axially oriented internal crack growth with a piezoceramic transducer-based setup arranged in a pitch-catch *** dispersion analysis supplemented with preliminary experiments was performed to isolate the optimal inspection frequency,leading to the selection of the T(0,1)mode at 50-kHz for the investigation.A transmission index based on the energy of the T(0,1)mode was developed to trace the extent of simulated crack *** findings revealed an inverse linear correlation between the transmission index and the crack depth for crack growth beyond 20%crack depth.

关键词： polyethylene pipes internal cracks guided wave ultrasonic testing torsional modes finite element modeling

New Sensor Concepts for Enhancing Heat Treatment Processes and Analysis

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 443-446页

作者： jay I. Frankel Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering Department University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA

The need for developing accurate quenching models requires an extensive experimental database that includes surface heat flux characterization. Quantification of the quenching process permits i) the development of high-quality heat treated products, ii) the evaluation of new quenchants and quenchant systems, and iii) the evaluation of quenchant quality over usage time. The surface heat transfer coefficient (or heat flux) is rarely measured, calculated or modeled in sufficient detail for real scientific use. Many single-thermocouple based probes are designed for the purpose of measuring the cooling power of a liquid quenchant or for monitoring quenchant quality. Lumped based probes are sufficient for these types of applications. However, the lack of sufficient distributed detail impedes the development of future high-quality heat-treated products. Frankel and his coworkers are developing a new family of transient thermal-rate sensors that will improve both diagnostic and real-time analyzes in heat transfer studies. Analyzes have been performed indicating that there exists a novel, thermal-rate sensor hierarchy that stabilizes predictions when used with analysis. This concept can be used for investigating both (i) direct surface heat transfer effects, and (ii) projective surface analysis based on embedded sensors. This new sensor family includes the ability to measure temperature, T; heat flux, q"; and their temporal derivatives, i.e., dT/dt, d^T/dt2 and dq’Vdt.

关键词：传感器热处理热通量传热系数

Female mate choice for multimodal courtship and the importance of the signaling background for selection on male ornamentation

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 200-209页

作者： jay A. STAFSTROM Eileen A. HEBETS School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln NE 68588-0118 USA

Conspicuous visual ornaments are frequently incorporated into complex courtship displays that integrate signal com- ponents from multiple sensory modalities. Mature male Schizocosa crassipes （Walckenaer, 1837） wolf spiders wave, arch, and tap their ornamented forelegs in a visual courtship display that simultaneously incorporates seismic components. To determine the importance of modality-specific signal components in female mate choice, we used a signal ablation design and compared the mating frequency of female-male pairs across signaling environments with manipulated modality-specific transmission properties. We found that the successful transmission of isolated visual or seismic signaling was sufficient for mating success; neither sig- naling modality was necessary. Additionally, the environment enabling the successful transmission of composite, multimodal dis- plays yielded the highest mating frequencies. Our results indicate the presence of selection from S. crassipes females for multi- modal courtship and suggest that multimodal signaling may facilitate mating across variable signaling environments. We next ex- plored the influence of ornamentation per se on female choice by phenotypically manipulating males into two groups：（i） intact （brushes present） and （ii） shaved （brushes absent）. We compared the mating frequencies of intact versus shaved males in the presence versus absence of seismic signaling. Males with brushes intact had higher mating frequencies than shaved males, but only under specific signaling conditions - in the presence of seismic signaling. Female choice for male brushes then appears de- pendent on the signaling background, making brushes themselves an unlikely target of direct selection. Our results emphasize the complex nature of female choice, highlighting the potential for both trait interactions and environment-dependent selection [Cur- rent Zoology 59 （2）： 200-209, 2013].

关键词： Enhancement Environmental variability Inter-signal interaction Sexual selection

Children with Disabilities and Disaster Risk Reduction: A Review

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第1期6卷 38-48页

作者： Steve Ronoh JC Gaillard jay Marlowe School of Environment The University of Auckland School of Counselling Human Services and Social WorkThe University of Auckland

Children with disabilities are often excluded from disaster risk reduction (DRR) initiatives and, as a result, can experience amplified physical, psychological, and educational vulnerabilities. Research on children with disabilities during disasters is lacking, and their potential value in helping shape inclusive policies in DRR planning has been largely overlooked by both researchers and policymakers. This article highlights the existing research and knowledge gap. The review includes literature from two areas of scholarship in relation to disasters—children, and people with disabilities—and provides a critique of the prevailing medical, economic, and social discourses that conceptualize disability and associated implications for DRR. The article analyzes the different models in which disability has been conceptualized, and the role this has played in the inclusion or exclusion of children with disabilities in DRR activities and in determining access to necessary resources in the face of disaster. Finally, the study explores possible pathways to studying the contribution and involvement of children with disabilities in DRR.

关键词： Children with disabilities Disability concepts Disaster risk reduction Vulnerability

Topographic Influence on Wetland Distribution and Change in Maduo County, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第3期9卷 362-371页

作者： jay GAO LI Xilai Gary BRIERLEY School of Environment University of Auckland lo Symonds Street Auckland New Zealand College of Agriculture andAnimal Husbandry Qinghai University Xining 810016 China

Accurate information on the spatial distribution and temporal change of wetlands is vital to devise effective measures for their protection. This study uses satellite images in 1994 and 2001 to assess the effects of topography and proximity to channels on wetland change in Maduo County on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, western China. In 1994 wetlands in the study area extended over 6,780.0 km2. They were distributed widely throughout the county, with a higher concentration in the south, and were especially prominent close to streams. The pattern of wetlands demonstrated a bell-shaped distribution curve with elevation, ranging over hill slopes with gradients from 0-19°, the commonest gradient being around 3°. Although the aspects of these hill slopes range over all directions, there is a lower concentration of wetlands facing east and southeast. The extent of wetlands in 2001 decreased to 6,181.1 km2. Marked spatial differentiation in the pattern of wetlands is evident, as their area increased by 1,193.3 km2 at lower elevations but decreased by 1,792.2 km2 at higher ground, resulting in a net decrease of 598.8 km2. In areas with a gradient 9° the area of wetlands remained approximately consistent from 1994-2001. Newly retained wetlands are situated in relatively flat lowland areas, with no evident preference in terms of aspect. Wetlands on north-, east- and northeast-facing hillslopes with a bearing of 1-86° were more prone to loss of area than other orientations. The altered pattern of wetland distribution from higher to lower elevation on north-facing slopes coincided with the doubling of annual temperature during the same period, suggesting that climate warming could be an important cause.

关键词： Wetland change detection Topographicinfluence Remote Sensing GIS Qinghai-TibetPlateau

Understanding Spatial Genome Organization:Methods and Insights

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2016年第1期14卷 7-20页

作者： Vijay Ramani jay Shendure Zhijun Duan Department of Genome Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98109USA Division of Hematology University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute SeattleWA 98195USA

The manner by which eukaryotic genomes are packaged into nuclei while maintaining crucial nuclear functions remains one of the fundamental mysteries in biology. Over the last ten years, we have witnessed rapid advances in both microscopic and nucleic acid-based approaches to map genome architecture, and the application of these approaches to the dissection of higher- order chromosomal structures has yielded much new information. It is becoming increasingly clear, for example, that interphase chromosomes form stable, multilevel hierarchical structures. Among them, self-associating domains like so-called topologically associating domains （TADs） appear to be building blocks for large-scale genomic organization. This review describes features of these broadly-defined hierarchical structures, insights into the mechanisms underlying their formation, our current understanding of how interactions in the nuclear space are linked to gene regulation, and important future directions for the field.

关键词： Chromatin ChromosomeEpigenomics 4D nucleomeHi-C