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Comparative susceptibility and immune responses of Asian and European honey bees to the American foulbrood pathogen, Paenibacillus larvae

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 831-842页

作者： Sasiprapa Krongdang jay d.evans Yanping Chen Wannapha Mookhploy Panuwan Chantawannakul 1Bee Protection Laboratory Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand Interdisciplinary Program in Biotechnology Graduate SchoolChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand USdA-ARS Bee Research LaboratoryBeltsvilleMarylandUSA Environmental Science Research Center Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand

American foulbrood (AFB) disease is caused by Paenibacillus larvae. Currently, this pathogen is widespread in the European honey bee— Apis mellifera. However, little is known about infectivity and pathogenicity of P. lan'ae in the Asiatic cavity-nesting honey bees, Apis cerana. Moreover, comparative knowledge of P. larvae infectivity and pathogenicity between both honey bee species is scarce. In this study, we examined susceptibility, larval mortality, survival rate and expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) including defensin, apidaecin, abaecin, and hymenoptaecin in A. mellifera and A. cerana when infected with P. larvae. Our results showed similar effects of P. larvae on the survival rate and patterns of AMP gene expression in both honey bee species when bee larvae are infected with spores at the median lethal concentration (LC5 0 ) for A. mellifera. All AMPs of infected bee larvae showed significant upregulation compared with noninfected bee larvae in both honey bee species. However, larvae of A. cerana were more susceptible than A. mellifera when the same larval ages and spore concentration of P. larvae were used. It also appears that A. cerana showed higher levels of AMP expression than A. mellifera. This research provides the first evidence of survival rate, LC50 and immune response profiles of Asian honey bees, A. cerana, when infected by P. larvae in comparison with the European honey bee, A. mellifera.

关键词： Apis cerana Apis mellifera honey bee immune gene Paenibacillus larvae susceptibility

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Carbene chemistry for unnatural biosynthesis

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 204-207页

作者： Jing Huang jay d.Keasling department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeley 94720USA Joint BioEnergy Institute Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryEmeryville 94608USA Biological Systems and Engineering division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley 94720USA Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby 2800Denmark department of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaBerkeley 94720USA Synthetic Biochemistry Center Institute for Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes for Advanced TechnologiesShenzhen 518055China

Previously,chemists working in synthesis were jealous of biologists since the enzymes found in nature usually exhibited great catalytic properties(e.g.,high catalytic efficiency,excellent selectivity such as substrate selectivity,regioselectivity and stereoselectivity).However,biological systems lack many counterparts of reactions widely used in chemical synthesis.

关键词： synthesis selectivity catalytic

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中华蜜蜂不同发育阶段肠道微生物的特征

中华蜜蜂不同发育阶段肠道微生物的特征

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作者：郭军吴杰 Yanping Chen jay d.evans 戴荣国罗文华李继莲

蜜蜂肠道中栖息着大量肠道菌群,它们与宿主形成复杂的共生关系,并通过各种方式影响宿主健康;在宿主的生长发育、营养、食物消化、免疫反应甚至抵抗病原菌等方面发挥了重要作用。通过分析蜜蜂消化道内栖息的细菌,研究者们希望了解这些细...

蜜蜂肠道中栖息着大量肠道菌群,它们与宿主形成复杂的共生关系,并通过各种方式影响宿主健康;在宿主的生长发育、营养、食物消化、免疫反应甚至抵抗病原菌等方面发挥了重要作用。通过分析蜜蜂消化道内栖息的细菌,研究者们希望了解这些细菌在昆虫健康中所起的作用。本研究发现4种肠道共生菌在东方蜜蜂肠道内的变化趋势非常相似,1日龄工蜂几乎检测不到这些细菌,5日龄细菌数量迅速增加,并在10-20日龄达到高峰,随后开始下降并在20-25或25-30日龄保持稳定,30日龄时下降到一个较低的水平。另外,感染囊状幼虫病毒病或欧洲幼虫腐臭病后,幼虫中四种主要共生菌的含量较健康蜂显著下降。本研究结果为深入了解东方蜜蜂肠道菌群的变化规律和进一步开展蜜蜂肠道共生菌的抗病功能奠定了基础。

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Enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic substitution with a Reformatsky reagent: direct construction of β-stereogenic homoallylic esters

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第11期67卷 3791-3797页

作者： debasis Pal Kirana d.Veeranna Yuk Fai Wong P.Andrew evans department of Chemistry Queen's University Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central South University

The Reformatsky reagent derived from ethyl bromoacetate circumvents the challenge associated with the direct regio-and enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation with an unstabilized aliphatic ester enolate. Notably, this work represents the first example of using a Reformatsky reagent in a metal-allyl reaction, which permits the direct construction of enantioenriched β-stereogenic homoallylic esters without preactivation of the pronucleophile or post-reaction modification of the product(e.g., thermal decarboxylation of a 1,3-dicarbonyl). Moreover, the process allows the coupling of a broad range of sterically and electronically diverse electrophiles bearing aryl, heteroaryl and alkenyl derivatives, including the significantly more challenging alkyl-substituted allylic carbonates. The versatility of the ester product is exemplified by a series of functional group manipulations and the development of a concise and efficient enantioselective total synthesis of the natural product,(+)-descurainolide A. Finally, mechanistic studies indicate that the zinc enolate behaves as a soft nucleophile that undergoes outer-sphere alkylation.

关键词： allylic substitution asymmetric catalysis mechanistic studies natural product synthesis Reformatsky reagent

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熊蜂肠道中存在两种生态型（英文）

熊蜂肠道中存在两种生态型（英文）

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作者：李继莲 J.Elijah Powell 郭军 jay d.evans 吴杰 Paul Williams 林青慧 Nancy A.Moran 张志刚

本研究通过对我国142个体28个熊蜂种的肠道细菌的16s的V6-V8区的高通量测序研究得出,熊蜂肠道微生物存在两种生态型（enterotypes）。一种是由Gilliamella and Snodgrassella菌群组成,这两类菌群在蜜蜂中也存在。另一种生态型主要是由...

本研究通过对我国142个体28个熊蜂种的肠道细菌的16s的V6-V8区的高通量测序研究得出,熊蜂肠道微生物存在两种生态型（enterotypes）。一种是由Gilliamella and Snodgrassella菌群组成,这两类菌群在蜜蜂中也存在。另一种生态型主要是由环境性菌群组成,而且含有一些条件致病菌如Hafnia and Serratia。这种不同生态型在熊蜂肠道微生物中的出现显示出与哺乳动物的肠道微生物的高度一致,这种生态型的存在对于熊蜂种的种群动态具有潜在的影响,为熊蜂肠道微生物功能研究及健康和物种多样性保护奠定了基础。

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Honey vesicle-like nanoparticles protect aged liver from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第8期14卷 3661-3679页

作者： Baolong Liu Phuong Linh Nguyen Han Yu Xingzhi Li Huiren Wang Tram Gia Bao Nguyen Prakash Kumar Sahoo Meghna Sur jay Reddy Sarah Sillman Stephen d.Kachman Bara Altartouri Guoqing Lu Sathish Kumar Natarajan Mahesh Pattabiraman Jiujiu Yu department of Nutrition and Health Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583USA Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China department of Nutrition Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106USA School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583USA department of Statistics University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583USA Center for Biotechnology University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA department of Biology University of Nebraska OmahaOmahaNE 68182USA department of Chemistry University of Nebraska-KearneyKearneyNE 68849USA

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),an advanced form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLd),has emerged as the leading cause of liver failure and related ***,no medication is specifically approved to treat NAFLd or *** we report that oral administration of honey vesiclelike nanoparticles(H-VLNs)to naturally aged mice protects the liver from NASH development.H-VLNs are dominantly taken up by Kupffer cells in the liver and suppress hepatic chronic inflammation and further development of fibrosis and nodule formation in aged *** their reported antiinflammasome function,H-VLNs are found to inhibit the transcriptional activities of C-JUN and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB).MicroRNAs miR5119 and miR5108 and phenolic compound luteolin in H-VLNs are identified in suppressing both the C-JUN and NF-kB ***,oral intake of H-VLNs represents a promising new user-friendly modality to prevent the development of NASH.

关键词： Honey Extracellular vesicles Exosomes Nanoparticles microRNAs Aging Inflammation Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

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多样性熊蜂物种中再现两种特定肠道微生物生态型

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科学新闻 2016年第1期 108-108页

作者：李继莲 J.Elijah Powell Jun Guo jay d.evans Jie Wu Paul Williams Qinhui Lin Nancy A.Moran 张志刚中国农科院蜜蜂研究所中国科学院昆明动物研究所遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室进化与功能基因组学科组

文章简介熊蜂是一类具有丰富物种和生态多样性的重要传粉昆虫,而传粉昆虫是开花植物繁殖和进化的关键,对于人类粮食生产的可持续发展具有重要意义。已有的研究表明,肠道微生物多样性的变化,从营养代谢以及疾病免疫等多方面影响着传粉昆... 详细信息

文章简介熊蜂是一类具有丰富物种和生态多样性的重要传粉昆虫,而传粉昆虫是开花植物繁殖和进化的关键,对于人类粮食生产的可持续发展具有重要意义。已有的研究表明,肠道微生物多样性的变化,从营养代谢以及疾病免疫等多方面影响着传粉昆虫的健康状况和种群演化。通过对我国28种熊蜂的肠道细菌16s的V6-V8区采用高通量测序,并结合经典生态学的分析方法进行研究,结果表明,熊蜂肠道微生物存在两种保守的生态

关键词：肠道微生物熊蜂生态型物种

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Efficacy of nonsolvent flower pollen extracts in healthy women with urinary incontinence:A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,parallel study

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Current Urology 2024年第3期18卷 203-211页

作者： Marc Moulin Erin d.Lewis david C.Crowley Colleen E.May Malkanthi evans KGK Science Inc. LondonOntarioCanada Graminex L.L.C.SaginawMIUSA

Background Urinary incontinence(UI)is a debilitating and common condition that adversely affects quality of *** and surgical approaches for managing UI symptoms may result in undesirable risks and *** randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,parallel study investigated the efficacy of 2 nonsolvent flower pollen extracts on UI in healthy *** and methods One-hundred and fourteen women aged 40–75 years who scored≥5 on the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form(ICIQ-SF)were randomized to receive either Graminex®RCT Fem™UI,Graminex®PollenBerry®,or placebo for 24 *** primary outcome was the change in the ICIQ-SF score between the trial and placebo groups after 24 weeks of *** secondary outcomes included changes in the frequency of nocturia(recorded in 3-day void diaries)and 24-hour leakage volume(assessed via pad weight)after 6,12,18,and 24 weeks of supplementation and changes in stress-induced urinary leakage volume(after completion of a provocative maneuver challenge)after 24 weeks of *** All the groups demonstrated improvement in ICIQ-SF scores at week 24(pd the greatest improvement in ICIQ-SF scores(−4.07±3.4),followed by the PollenBerry®group(−3.34±2.87)and placebo group(−2.61±3.52).The RCT Fem™UI group had corresponding improvements in 24-hour leakage volume(−17.68±39.84 g)and frequency of nocturia(−0.52±1.26)(p≤0.05).PollenBerry®supplementation significantly improved stress-induced urinary leakage volume(−7.12±15.64 g)at week *** study products demonstrated safe hematological and chemical *** RCT Fem™UI supplementation resulted in significant and clinically meaningful reductions in UI severity,with corresponding improvements in daily urinary leakage volume and frequency of ***®significantly improved stress-induced urinary leakage volume,suggesting that it may be eff

关键词： Urinary incontinence Pollen extract Healthy women dietary supplement ICIQ-SF Urinary leakage

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Combined flow-focus and self-assembly routes for the formation of lipid stabilized oil-shelled microbubbles

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2018年第1期4卷 466-473页

作者： Adam H.Churchman Victoria Mico Julia Gala de Pablo Sally A.Peyman Steven Freear Stephen d.evans School of Physics and Astronomy University of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeeds LS29JTUK School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeeds LS29JTUK

Lipid and polymer stabilized microbubbles are used in medicine as contrast agents for ultrasound imaging and are being developed for the delivery of water soluble drugs to diseased areas of the ***,many new therapeutics exhibit poor water solubility or stability,which has led to the requirement for the development of effective hydrophobic drug delivery *** study presents a new method to produce microbubbles coated with an oil layer capable of encapsulating hydrophobic drugs and suitable for targeted,triggered drug *** new method utilizes highly controllable flow-focusing microfluidics with lipid oil nanodroplets self-assembling and spreading at gas–aqueous *** layer inside microbubbles were produced with diameters of 2.4±0.3μm(s.d.,1.6μm)and at concentrations up to 10^(6) bubbles per *** mechanism of oil layer inside microbubble assembly and stability were characterized using methods including contact angle measurements,quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging.

关键词： microbubbles microfluidics drug-delivery hydrophobic lipid-coated oil-shelled

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Adding Value to Crop Production Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell daren d. Redfearn Kenneth P. Vogel Terry J. Klopfenstein Galen Erickson P. Stephen Baenziger Bruce E. Anderson Mary E. drewnoski jay Parsons Steven d. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia L. Jin USdA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA department of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA department of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USdA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and cover crops. Yearling steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared in the spring following autumn establishment as for age cover crops after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seeded in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized, and grazed the following spring near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. In 2005, average daily gain (AdG) for steers grazing triticale exceeded the AdG for wheat by 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, wheat AdG exceeded that for triticale by 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained 0.20 kghd-1d-1. Based on the 3-year average animal gains valued at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crops provide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing could be viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional value to the system. Based on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and likely will provide the most stable beef yearling performance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Triticale Wheat

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