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Degradation of Wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Three Indicators

Journal of Mountain Science 2013年第4期10卷 658-667页

作者： GAO jay LI Xi-lai CHEUNG alan YANG Yuan-wu School of Environment University of Auckland Private Bag 92019Auckland New Zealand College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Qinghai University College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Qinghai UniversityXining 810016 China

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau encompasses a large quantity of wetlands, some of which have been degraded to varying severity levels. In the literature, a number of degradation indicators have been proposed to evaluate ecological health of wetlands, but their effectiveness in the plateau environment remains unknown. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of three degradation indicators, soil moisture content at lo em deep, vegetative cover, and density of pika burrows. The degradation severity of wetlands in Maduo County on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is enumerated at four levels, intact, slight, moderate and severe. Analysis of xo6 samples collected in the field demonstrates that the density of pika burrows is the least reliable indicator. By comparison, vegetative cover and underlying soil moisture content are more reliable, even though neither is a perfect indicator as the difference among adjacent levels of severity as revealed by t-test is not always statistically significant. The imperfection of vegetative cover as an indicator is due to its variation among different types of wetlands. The limitation of moisture content is attributed to its non-linear relationship with wetland degradation. Above the threshold of about 50% in moisture content wetlands are unlikely to be degraded. It is recommended that moisture be measured at the point near the surface and vegetative cover be further differentiated by species in order to improve their effectiveness.

关键词： Wetland degradation Grass cover Soilmoisture Pika damage Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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VSAT用户网络实例

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成都信息工程学院学报 1993年第2期15卷 78-88页

作者： K.M.Sundara Murthy Barry O'Neal jay alan Josepth J.Sanchez John Barry N.seshagiri Barry G.Evans Dennis Shanley Neville Miller Jim Stratigos Robert Mullinax John W.Warner Paul Noble 王春芳

本文简要介绍具有代表性的几种VSAT网。这些网络的选择是研究了世界各地正在运行的不同类型的VSAT网后作出的。选择样本时考虑了如下几种因素,以便读者能够获取有用的信息,并对当前VSAT的状况有一个真实的了解。这些因素包括网络种类(... 详细信息

本文简要介绍具有代表性的几种VSAT网。这些网络的选择是研究了世界各地正在运行的不同类型的VSAT网后作出的。选择样本时考虑了如下几种因素,以便读者能够获取有用的信息,并对当前VSAT的状况有一个真实的了解。这些因素包括网络种类(共享的还是专用的)、区域(全球范围)、技术应用、业务、销售、用户(按生意种类分)、网络状态等。

关键词： VSAT 用户网络卫星网数据传送用户服务话音业务 Chrysler 地面网络主机系统业务网

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Geomorphic-centered Classification of Wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Western China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2013年第4期10卷 632-642页

作者： GAO jay LI Xi-lai Gary BRIERLEY alan CHEUNG YANG Yuan-wu School of Environment University of Auckland Private Bag 92019Auckland New Zealand College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Qinghai University

In this paper a geomorphic-centered system was proposed for classifying the wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in western China, where the flora comprises primarily grasses. Although the geomorphic properties (e.g., elevation and morphology) of wetlands form the primary criteria of classification, this system also takes hydrological processes into implicit consideration. It represents an improvement over the hydrogeomorphic perspective as the relative importance of the two components (wetness and landform) of wetlands is clearly differentiated. This geomorphic-centered perspective yields insights into the hydrogeomorphic dynamics of plateau wetlands while indicates their vulnerability to change and degradation indirectly. According to this geomorphic-centered perspective, all plateau wetlands fall into one of the seven types of alpine, piedmont, valley, terrace, floodplain, lacustrine, and riverine in three elevational categories of upland, midland, and lowland. Upland (alpine and piedmont) wetlands with the steepest topography are the most sensitive to change whereas midland (floodplain, terrace and valley) wetlands are less vulnerable to degradation owing to a high water reserve except terrace wetlands. They have a dry surface caused by infrequent hydrological replenishment owing to their higher elevation than the channel. Low lying (lacustrine and riverine) wetlands are the most resilient. The geomorphic-centered perspective developed in this paper provides a framework for improving recognition and management of wetlands on the Plateau. Resilient wetlands can be grazed more intensively without the risk of degradation. Fragile and vulnerable wetlands require careful managementto avoid degradation.

关键词： Plateau wetlands Geomorphieclassification Wetland vulnerability Qinghai-TibetPlateau

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雷州半岛红树林边缘效应及其对海岸有机碳库的影响

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海洋学报 2012年第5期34卷 161-168页

作者：杨娟 jay Gao 刘宝林 alan Cheung 王铎张苇中国地质大学(北京)海洋学院北京100083 School of Environment the University of Auckland 广东湛江红树林国家级自然保护区管理局广东湛江524033

作为滨海湿地与邻近海区之间物质循环、能量和物种流动及其相互作用的重要界面,红树林的边缘效应对研究海陆生态系统相互作用,滨海湿地生物地貌形成过程以及海岸带有机碳库分布格局等方面的具有重要意义。文章以雷州半岛东岸红树林4种... 详细信息

作为滨海湿地与邻近海区之间物质循环、能量和物种流动及其相互作用的重要界面,红树林的边缘效应对研究海陆生态系统相互作用,滨海湿地生物地貌形成过程以及海岸带有机碳库分布格局等方面的具有重要意义。文章以雷州半岛东岸红树林4种典型地貌分布区为重点,通过调查红树林前缘光滩,林缘及林内植被及土壤理化特征的变化,探讨红树林边缘效应的表现及其对土壤有机碳库的影响。结果表明,不同地貌类型红树林边界区的群落结构及土壤理化因子分布特征有所不同。边界区群落特征表现为林缘的冠层低于林内,叶面积指数低于林内,物种丰富度林内高于林缘(除河口区外),且林缘的植被盖度受风浪影响显著,表现出河口区>内湾区>岛屿区>前沿浪击区。土壤理化性质边缘效应表现为林缘的pH值、粒度低于光滩,氧化还原电位、盐度高于光滩(除内湾区外),而林内的土壤理化性质波动较大,可能受林缘植被演替及地貌双重影响。不同地貌单元红树林边界区的土壤表层有机碳含量,有机碳密度均表现为林内>林缘>光滩。综合影响表层土壤有机碳的主要生物及非生物因子进行主成分分析和相关分析,结果显示土壤表层有机碳密度与环境第一主成分呈显著负相关,即受植被盖度,叶面积指数和土壤pH因子影响密切。红树林土壤有机碳沉积虽然受到不同水文地貌的影响,但总体而言,红树林初级生产输入和土壤酸性环境对红树林林下土壤有机碳库的富存贡献显著。

关键词：边缘效应红树林有机碳库雷州半岛

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Prediction of transitional lumbosacral anatomy on magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine

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World Journal of Radiology 2012年第3期4卷 97-101页

作者： Majid Chalian Theodoros Soldatos John A Carrino alan J Belzberg jay Khanna Avneesh Chhabra Russell H.Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science The Johns Hopkins Hospital Department of Neurosurgery The Johns Hopkins Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Johns Hopkins Hospital

AIM: To evaluate two simple angle measurements for predicting lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the spine. METHODS: The lumbar spine MRI studies of 50 subjects with LSTV and 50 subjects with normal lumbosacral anatomy were retrospectively evaluated. In each study, the mid-sagittal T2-weighted image was used to measure the angle formed by a line parallel to the superior surface of the sacrum and a line perpendicular to the axis of the scan table (A-angle), as well as the angle formed by a line parallel to the superior endplate of the L3 vertebra and a line parallel to the superior surface of the sacrum (B-angle). RESULTS: The total study population consisted of 100 subjects (46 males, 54 females, 51 ± 16 years old). There were no differences in age and sex between the two groups. Both A-angle and B-angle were significantly increased in subjects with LSTV compared to controls (P < 0.05). The optimal cut-off values of A-angle and B-angle for the prediction of LSTV were 39.8° (sensitivity = 80%, specificity = 80%, accuracy = 83%; 95% confidence interval = 74%-89%, P = 0.0001) and 35.9° (sensitivity = 80%, specificity = 54%, accuracy = 69%; 95% confidence interval = 59%-78%, P = 0.0005), respectively. CONCLUSION: On sagittal MR images of the lumbar spine, an increased A-angle and/or B-angle should alert the radiologist to the presence of LSTV.

关键词： Lumbosacral transitional vertebra Magnetic resonance imaging Lumbar spine Angle Prediction

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